Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyadinwa, ungakwazi ukugxila kumsebenzi omnye, okanye uhlala ulibale into ethile? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) , esingathethwa kakhulu ngaso kodwa esixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, esi sifo besikhona ukususela ebuntwaneni, kodwa sisenokuba sikhona de kwaba mdala singabonwa.
Ngaba i-ADHD yabantu abadala yahlukile kwi-ADHD yobuntwana?
Ewe, ingatshintsha ngandlela ithile. Ukuxakeka okubonwa ebuntwaneni kunokuncipha njengoko usiba ngumntu omdala. Kodwa kunokuphakama ezinye iingxaki endaweni yoko.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Unengxaki yokugxila emsebenzini eofisini, ingqondo yakho ihlala izulazula. Unengxaki yokugqiba umsebenzi obalulekileyo ngexesha elibekiweyo. Okanye uhlala ulibala apho ubeka khona izitshixo okanye ibhegi yakho ekhaya. Unengxaki yokugcina izinto zicocekile kwaye zihlelekile. Uthetha kwaye wenza izinto ngequbuliso (ukungxama). Ezi zinto zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu emsebenzini wakho, kubomi bosapho, kubuhlobo, kwanasekuzithembeni kwakho.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, i-ADHD ayilotyala lakho okanye ubuvila bakho. Yimeko yezonyango enokunyangwa ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo.
Unyango olufanayo lunikwa abantu abadala njengoko lunikwa abantwana abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka lulungelelaniswe neminyaka yakho, iimpawu, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya indibaniselwano yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango (unyango oluneendlela ezininzi). Oku kuthetha izinto ezifana namayeza, iindlela zokuguqula indlela oziphatha ngayo, uqeqesho lwezakhono zobomi, kunye neengcebiso.
Ngawaphi amayeza asetyenziswa kunyango?
Amayeza yeyona nto iphambili kunyango lwe-ADHD. Kodwa kungathatha ixesha ukufumana amayeza kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kuwe. Yinto ekufuneka usebenze nogqirha wakho kwaye uyizame kancinci kancinci.
Iintlobo eziphambili zamayeza
La ngamayeza aqhelekileyo nasetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-ADHD. La mayeza asebenza ngomlinganiselo othile ngokulungisa ukusebenza kweekhemikhali (ii-neurotransmitters) engqondweni ezibandakanyeka ekuqwalaseleni nasekulawuleni.
- I-Methylphenidate
- I-Amphetamine
- I-Dextroamphetamine
- I-Lisdexamfetamine
Ngokwesiqhelo ugqirhaUza kuqala ngedosi ephantsi kakhulu yale yeza. Emva koko idosi ilungiswa rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 de iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibe ncinci kodwa iimpawu zilawuleke kakuhle. Kubantu abadala, amayeza asebenza ixesha elide adla ngokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba asebenza malunga neeyure ezili-10-14, anokuthatyathwa kube kanye ngemini.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengozi zamayeza avuselelayo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, ukungalali, intloko ebuhlungu, umlomo owomileyo, ukuxhalaba, ixhala, kunye nokunyuka okuncinci koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya sentliziyo. Uninzi lwale miqathango lunokulawulwa ngokulungelelanisa umthamo. |
| Ayifanelekanga kubantu abanjalo | La mayeza awasoloko enikwa abantu abaneengxaki ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo, isifo se-bipolar, ixhala, imbali yokulutha iziyobisi, kunye ne-Tourette's syndrome. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko , ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho. |
2. Izinto ezingakhuthaziyo
Ukuba amayeza avuselelayo awasebenzi kuwe, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu hlobo lwamayeza. Umzekelo yi-Atomoxetine (Strattera). La mayeza athatha ixesha ukusebenza, kodwa asebenza kakuhle kwabanye abantu.
Ezi azilokhetho lokuqala lwe-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izidambisi-ntlungu, ingakumbi iBupropion (Wellbutrin), zifunyenwe zinceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD. Ugqirha wakho angacinga ngala mayeza, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sokudakumba okanye ixhala kunye ne-ADHD yakho.
Ibaluleke kangakanani indlela yokunyanga ngentetho?
Kubaluleke kakhulu! Ukunika iingcebiso ezilungileyo kunye namayeza afanelekileyo ludibaniso olunamandla kakhulu. Oku akuyi kunceda wena wedwa, kodwa nosapho lwakho luqonde i-ADHD kwaye lujongane neengxaki ezibangelwa yiyo.
Iindlela eziphambili zokubonisana
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Ngamafutshane, lukufundisa indlela yokutshintsha indlela ocinga ngayo nowenza ngayo izinto, kwaye ufumane ulawulo lobomi bakho. Lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiingxaki emsebenzini, kubudlelwane, ekulawuleni ixesha, nasekuhleleni izinto.
- Unyango lomtshato nosapho: Oku kunokunceda usapho lwakho luqonde ukuba awenzi ezi zinto ngenxa yokukruquka okanye ukungabi naxanduva, kodwa ukuba le yimeko yempilo. Kunokukunceda unxibelelane ngcono kwaye uchonge iindlela ezibangela iingxaki.
- Umqeqeshi we-ADHD: Le yinto entsha kancinci. Lo mqeqeshi uyakunceda ngezinto ezisebenzayo. Oko kukuthi, bakunika iingcebiso kunye neengcinga zokwenza izicwangciso, ukumisela iinjongo, ukulawula ixesha, kunye nokucwangcisa izinto.
Kuthekani ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo kunye ne-ADHD?
Le yingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abane-ADHD banamathuba amaninzi okufumana ezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngexhala, ukudakumba, kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
Ngoko ke xa ekunyangela, ugqirha wakho kufuneka aziqwalasele zonke ezi zinto, kuba amayeza esifo esinye anokuchaphazela esinye.
Umzekelo, amanye amayeza okuvuselela i-ADHD anokunyusa ixhala. Ngoko ke ukuba unezi meko zombini, ugqirha wakho uza kucwangcisa unyango lwakho ngokusekelwe kwimeko ebangela iingxaki ezininzi. Kwakhona, uphando lubonise ukuba ukunyanga i-ADHD ngokufanelekileyo kunokukunceda woyise umlutha weziyobisi.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye iimpawu ezintsha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngazo. Okukhona unika ugqirha wakho ulwazi oluthe kratya, kokukhona kuya kuba lula kuye ukukunika unyango olufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayisiyonto ichaphazela abantwana kuphela. Abantu abadala nabo banokuba nale meko, mhlawumbi bengazi nokuba bayayiqonda.
- Oku akuyonto yobuvila okanye impazamo. Yimeko yezonyango enokunyangeka.
- Unyango alupheleli nje kunyango. Xa amayeza, iingcebiso (unyango), kunye noqeqesho lwezakhono zobomi zidibene, iziphumo ziyaphumelela kakhulu.
- Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nedosi efanelekileyo kuwe. Yiba nomonde kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane elona lifanelekileyo.
- Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo (ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukudakumba) kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iziyobisi ozisebenzisayo.
- Awuwedwa. Baninzi abantu abaphila ngempumelelo nale meko. Ukufuna uncedo olufanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala.
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