Njengabazali kule mihla, sicinga kakhulu ngabantwana bethu, akunjalo? Siyiqwalasela ngakumbi indlela umntwana akhula ngayo, athetha ngayo, kwaye aziphatha ngayo nabanye. Okwangoku, umele ukuba ulivile igama elithi ' autism ' rhoqo. Mhlawumbi unoloyiko okanye amathandabuzo engqondweni yakho malunga nokuba le meko ixhaphake ngokwenene na. Ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngale nto ngokunyanisekileyo nangokulula namhlanje.
I-Autism Spectrum kunye nezibalo ezikhulayo
Okokuqala, masiqonde ukuba yintoni i-autism. Ngamafutshane, ayisosifo. Luluhlu lotshintsho oluvela engqondweni. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana asebenzisane nabanye abantu eluntwini, anxibelelane, aze aziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"spectrum" kuba uhlobo kunye nobunzima beempawu ziyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezibuthathaka, ngelixa abanye banokufuna inkxaso engaphezulu. Iimeko ezifana ne-'Asperger's syndrome' kunye ne-'Pervasive Developmental Disorder -- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)' nazo ziwela kolu luhlu lubanzi.
Ngoku jonga ezi zibalo. Kwiminyaka yoo-1970 noo-1980, ngumntwana omnye kuphela kwabayi-2,000 owafunyaniswa enale meko. Kodwa namhlanje, kwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, imibutho efana ne-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) ithi ngumntwana omnye kwabayi-150 abaneminyaka esi-8 ubudala unokuba nohlobo oluthile lwe- autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Imibuzo emibini ifika engqondweni xa umntu ebona la manani:
1. Ngaba inani labantwana abane-autism linyukile ngokwenene? Okanye kungenxa yokuba sele siyiqonda ngakumbi ngoku kwaye oogqirha bayayiqonda ngokukhawuleza?
2. Ukuba le meko inyukile ngokwenene, yintoni unobangela wayo?
Ngaba lunyuko lokwenene? Okanye lutshintsho kwindlela abantu ababona ngayo izinto?
Kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweengcali ngale nto. Abanye bathi oku akukokwanda, kodwa "kukutshintsha uxilongo". Oko kukuthi, umntwana owafunyaniswa ukuba 'une-intellectual delay' okanye elinye igama kwiminyaka eli-10-15 eyadlulayo ngoku unokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo njengomntwana 'okwi-autism spectrum' onolwazi olutsha lwezonyango. Kude kube ngu-1992, i-autism yayingenalo udidi olwahlukileyo nakwinkqubo yesikolo.
Kwakhona, ngaphambili, xa abantu babecinga nge-autism, babecinga ngemeko enzima kakhulu, ekhubazekileyo engqondweni. Kodwa namhlanje, abantwana abaninzi abafunyaniswe benayo baneentlobo ezincinci zale meko.
Nangona kunjalo, iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba endaweni yokuxoxa ngezi zibalo,Kubalulekile ukufumana iimpendulo kumbuzo othi, "Kutheni umntwana omnye kwabayi-150 enale meko?" Kuba ngoku kuyacaca ukuba le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba besicinga ngaphambili.
Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukufumana izizathu?
Usenokuzibuza ukuba kutheni kunzima ukufumana unobangela oqinisekileyo. Iingcali zithi ukufumana unobangela we-autism kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunokufumana unobangela womhlaza.
Cinga nje, singabona umhlaza nge-X-ray, i-scan, okanye i-biopsy. Kodwa akukho vavanyo lwegazi oluthembekileyo, i-biomarker, okanye i-brain scan enokuyixilonga ngokuchanekileyo i-autism.
Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho sizathu sinye sale nto. Kufana nephazili enzima ukuyisombulula. Okwangoku kuyamkelwa ukuba le yimeko ebangelwa kukudibana kwezinto zemfuza kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo .
| Izinto eziphambili ezinokubangela | Masifumanise nje ngayo. |
|---|---|
| Impembelelo yeMfuzo | Izifundo zamawele zibonisa ukuba ii-genes zidlala indima enkulu. Ukuba elinye iwele elifanayo line-autism, elinye linethuba le-75% lokukhula nalo. Ukwanda kweminyaka yomama noyise nako kunokuba yinto ebangela umngcipheko. Iimeko ezithile ze-genetic, ezifana ne -Fragile X syndrome , zinxulunyaniswa nepesenti encinci yamatyala. |
| Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo | Le meko inokuvela kumntwana ochaphazeleka ngokwemfuza ngenxa yempembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, uphando lwenziwa malunga nokuchatshazelwa ngumama kubuninzi bezinambuzane okanye ezinye iikhemikhali ngexesha lokukhulelwa . Ezi zisesekwisigaba sophando. |
Ingaba ibali malunga nemijovo kunye ne-autism liyinyani?
Omnye umxholo ophakamayo xa kuthethwa ngale nto lunxibelelwano phakathi kwamayeza okugonya kunye ne-autism. Abazali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba i-thimerosal, isithinteli esine-mercury esasisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwamanye amayeza okugonya, yiyo ebangela oku.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamaziko ezonyango aphambili kwihlabathi kunye namaziko ophando agqibe kwelokuba ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo phakathi kwezizathu kunye neziphumo phakathi kwamayeza okugonya kunye ne-autism abuzange buqinisekiswe.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ethile, kuxelwe ukuba isitofu sokugonya siye sayenza mandundu imeko ebisele ikho, engafunyaniswanga (ingxaki ye-mitochondria) kumntwana, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhuleni kwe-autism. Oku kubonisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi neyodwa ngayo le ngxaki.
Yintoni esinokuyilindela kuphando oluzayo?
Izazinzulu azimi ndawo. Ziyaqhubeka nokuphanda ngolu lwalamano luntsonkothileyo phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
- Izifundo ezinkulu ezifana ne-CHARGE kunye ne-SEED ziqokelela idatha kumawakawaka abantwana kwaye zikhangela iipateni ezifanayo ezichaphazela oku.
- Olu phononongo luhlola indlela amajoni omzimba kamama achaphazela ngayo uphuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ii-antibodies ezithile egazini likamama zisabela kwizicubu zengqondo zomntwana ongekazalwa.
- Bakwajonga nokuba amanqanaba athile eehomoni emizimbeni yabantwana, umzekelo ihomoni i-leptin, angaphezulu na kubantwana abane-autism.
Konke oku kusikhokelela kwinto enye: Akukho mpendulo ilula kwi-autism, kusithiwa, "Le yimbangela yodwa." Yimeko enzima ebandakanya izinto ezininzi, kuquka ii-genes, indawo esingqongileyo, kunye nempilo kamama.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism Spectrum Disorder ayisosifo. Yimeko enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho eyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye.
- Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu ngoku kunangaphambili, ikakhulu ngenxa yolwazi olwandisiweyo kunye neendlela eziphuculweyo zokuxilonga.
- Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto. Ihlabathi ngoku likholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yokudibana kwezinto ezibangela imfuza kunye nokusingqongileyo.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye imibuzo malunga nophuhliso lomntwana wakho, intetho yakhe, okanye indlela aziphethe ngayo,Nceda ungoyiki kwaye ucele iingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo, njengogqirha wabantwana onamava okanye ugqirha wengqondo.
- Endaweni yokudideka koko kuthethwa ngabantu kwi-intanethi okanye esidlangalaleni, ukufuna ingcebiso efanelekileyo yezonyango yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
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