Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kuyeka njani, intliziyo yakho ibetha, okanye ukutya kwakho kuyagaywa njani ngaphandle kokuba ucinge ngako? Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-'autopilot' emangalisayo, okanye inkqubo ezenzekelayo emzimbeni wethu elawula konke oku. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) . Le nkqubo isebenza rhoqo, kokubini xa silele naxa sivukile. Enyanisweni, siphila ngenxa yale nkqubo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni inkqubo ye-autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
Kulungile, masiqonde oku ngale ndlela. Yonke inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini aphambili. Enye yiNkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi (CNS) . Oko kukuthi, ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo. Zonke ezinye iimithambo-luvo zezeNkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi .
Le nkqubo ye-nervous system ejikeleze umzimba iphinde yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini:
1. Inkqubo ye-Somatic: Yile nto ilawula izinto esizenzayo ngabom . Umzekelo, ukuthabatha ikomityi, ukuhamba, nokuthetha.
2. Inkqubo yokuzimela: Le yinkqubo elawula izinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngazo . Izinto ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla, ukubila, kunye nokugaya ukutya.
Ngoko ke, inkqubo ye-autonomic nervous system (ANS) esithetha ngayo namhlanje ineenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili. Ziinkqubo zeSympathetic , Parasympathetic , kunye neEnteric . Ezi zintathu zifana neqela elisebenzisanayo.
Iimvakalelo zakho, nokuba uyafuna okanye awufuni, zinokuchaphazela le nkqubo yokuzimela. Yiyo loo nto xa sicaphukile kakhulu, soyika, okanye sidakumbile, iintliziyo zethu zibetha ngokukhawuleza size sizive ngathi siyafuthaniseka.
'I-Accelerator' kunye 'neBrake': Iinkqubo zeSympathetic kunye neParasympathetic
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi nkqubo zimbini kukuzicinga njenge-accelerator kunye ne-brake yemoto. Ezi zimbini zisebenza ngokuchaseneyo, zigcina ibhalansi, okanye i-homeostasis , emzimbeni wethu.
1. Inkqubo yovelwano: 'isikhawulezisi' somzimba
Yile nto ilawula impendulo yomzimba wethu ethi "Yilwa okanye Ubhabhe" . Oko kukuthi, inkqubo elungiselela umzimba xa kukho ingozi, uloyiko, okanye uxinzelelo.
Khawucinge nje, uhamba esitalatweni uze ngequbuliso inja ikutsibele. Uyoyika. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
- IntliziyoIsantya sokubetha siyanda.
- Iliso liba likhulu.
- Ukuphefumla kuya kukhawuleza.
- Amathe ahleli.
- Igazi elingakumbi lihamba liye kwimisipha ukuze lilungiselele ukubaleka okanye ukulwa.
Konke oku kwenziwa ngemizuzwana yinkqubo ye-sympathetic esebenzisa ii-neurotransmitters ezifana ne -epinephrine .
2. Inkqubo ye-Parasympathetic: 'Ibhuleki' yomzimba
Yile nto ilawula impendulo yomzimba wethu ethi "Ukuphumla nokugaya ukutya" . Oko kukuthi, xa imeko engxamisekileyo iphelile, umzimba ubuyela kwimeko ezolileyo, eqhelekileyo kwaye ulawula iinkqubo ezifunekayo ngelixa siphumle.
Emva kokuba inja imkile, uzola kancinci kancinci.
- Isantya sentliziyo sibuyela kwisiqhelo.
- Ukuphefumla kuyazola.
- Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya iqala kwakhona.
- Umzimba uba lula.
Olu 'thomalaliso' lwenziwa yinkqubo yeParasympathetic.
| Inxalenye yomzimba/isenzo | Impendulo yovelwano (Ukulwa okanye ukubhabha) | Impendulo ye-Parasympathetic (Rest-and-Digest) |
|---|---|---|
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ikhawulezisa | Ukwenza kancinci kancinci |
| Umfundi | Ukwanda | IiConstricts |
| Indlela yokuphefumla | Iyandisa (yenza ukuphefumla kube lula) | Zinciphile (ukuya kwisiqhelo) |
| Ukugaya ukutya | Iyeka/inciphisa okwethutyana | Iyakhuthaza |
| Imveliso yamathe | Iyanciphisa (umlomo owomileyo) | Ukwanda |
3. Inkqubo Yokuphefumla: 'Ubuchopho Besibini' Bethu
Le ikhethekile kancinci. Inkqubo ye-enteric yinethiwekhi enkulu yemithambo-luvo ehamba kwindlela yethu yokugaya ukutya (ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya kwi-anus), enemithambo-luvo engaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100. Ifana nengqondo encinci ekhethekileyo emathunjini kwaye inokwenza izigqibo zayo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulawula ukugaya ukutya kunye nokufunxwa kwezondlo . Ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo isebenza ngokwemiqondiso evela kwezinye iinkqubo ezimbini (iSympathetic kunye neParasympathetic), kodwa isenokusebenza yodwa.
Zithini iimpawu zengxaki kule nkqubo?
Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo isasazeka emzimbeni wonke, ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwayo (oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi- Autonomic Neuropathy ), iimpawu zinokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuba neempawu ezifanayo.
Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukuba nesiyezi kunye nokuquleka, ingakumbi xa umi ngenyawo
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwesizathu)
- Ukuqhinwa okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu
- Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Iingxaki zokubila (nokuba kukubila kakhulu okanye ukungabila ncam)
- Iingxaki zomchamo (ubunzima bokuchama okanye ukungakwazi ukuwulawula)
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo
- Ukungaphenduli komfundi ekukhanyeni
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho uze uthethe ngayo.
Izifo ezingonakalisa inkqubo ye-autonomic nervous
Eyona nto ibangela umonakalo kule nkqubo sisifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo (isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini) . Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ixesha elide anokonakalisa imithambo-luvo ebuthathaka.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izizathu:
- I-Guillan-Barre Syndrome: Le yimeko apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imithambo-luvo yayo.
- I-Amyloidosis: Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo okubangelwa kukufakwa okungaqhelekanga kweeproteni ezithile emzimbeni.
- Iintsholongwane:Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane (umz. i-HIV, isifo seLyme) zingonakalisa imithambo-luvo.
- Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi notywala: Oku kungonakalisa ngqo inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Iityhefu: Ukuchanabeka kwiityhefu ezifana neentsimbi ezinzima.
- Ukwenzakala: Ukonakala, ingakumbi kwi-spinal cord, kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwale nkqubo.
- Umhlaza: Ezinye izimila ezinomhlaza okanye ezingezizo umhlaza zinokubangela iingxaki ngokucinezela imithambo-luvo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkqubo ye-autonomic nervous system (ANS) yi-'autopilot' elawula iinkqubo emzimbeni wethu ezingalawulwa ngabom, ezifana nokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.
- Iinxalenye zayo ezimbini eziphambili, inkqubo yeSympathetic ('i-accelerator') kunye nenkqubo yeParasympathetic ('i-brake'), zisebenza ngokuchaseneyo ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba.
- Isifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo sisona sizathu siphambili somonakalo kule nkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nesiyezi xa umile, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukuqhinwa, okanye ukubila okungahambi kakuhle, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni, efana nokutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, kunye nokuphepha iziyobisi/utywala, kunokukhusela le nkqubo ixabisekileyo.
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