Xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza," uloyiko kunye nexhala ziyafika ezingqondweni zethu. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, iindlela zonyango lomhlaza ziye zaphucuka kakhulu. Namhlanje, ndiza kuthetha nani ngendlela yonyango emangalisayo etshintshe umdlalo ekulweni nomhlaza kwaye yazisa ithemba elitsha kubantu abaninzi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Immunotherapy. Ngamafutshane, endaweni yokunika amayeza angaphandle okulwa nomhlaza , sisebenzisa iindlela zethu zokuzikhusela ukulwa nawo. Makhe sibone ukuba oku kusebenza njani.
Ngoko ke, yintoni i-Immunotherapy?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Ukuba une- allergy , njengee-dust mites, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumene imijovo ye-allergy. Le mijovo iqulethe inani elincinci kakhulu le-allergen. Xa ingena emzimbeni wakho, amasosha omzimba wakho aqala ukusebenza nxamnye nayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukugulisa. Njengoko unyusa umthamo kancinci kancinci, umzimba wakho uyaqhelana ne-allergen. Oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho wakha amandla okuzikhusela kuyo.
Unyango lwe-immunotherapy lufana nolo. Umhlaza kuxa enye yeeseli zethu iqala ukuziphatha "kakubi" ngokungalawulekiyo. Ithemba lonyango lwe-immunotherapy kukunceda inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu ukuba izibone ezi "seli zimbi" kwaye iziqeqeshe ukuzitshabalalisa. Njengokulwa nentsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane ezingena emzimbeni wethu.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu ifana namapolisa elizwe. Iiseli zomhlaza zifana nezigebenga ezifihlwe njengabantu abaqhelekileyo. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunceda amapolisa ukuba afumane ezi zigebenga zifihlwe.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-immunotherapy?
Abaphandi bafumanise iindlela ezininzi apho amajoni ethu omzimba anokubona aze atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-immunotherapy | Indlela esebenza ngayo (ngamagama alula) |
|---|---|
| Unyango lwe-T-Cell Immunotherapy oluthathwa ngabanye | Ii-T-cells (amajoni okhuselo) zithathwa emzimbeni, zenziwe zibe namandla ngakumbi kwilebhu, zize zibuyiselwe emzimbeni. |
| Izithinteli zokujonga | Ikhupha "ii-breakpoints" ezisetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukufihla, nto leyo evumela ukuba zihlasele inkqubo yokuzikhusela. |
| Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal | Zifana "neethegi" ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu. Ezi zincamathela kwiiseli zomhlaza, ziphawula ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyakwazi ukuzibona ngokulula. |
| Izitofu Zomhlaza | Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqeqeshwe ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza (umz. i-HPV vaccine) okanye ukuhlasela umhlaza okhoyo. |
1. Unyango lwe-T-Cell oluQeqeshelwe ngokukodwa (Unyango lwe-T-cell oluqeqeshwe ngokukodwa)
Oku kufana nokuqeqesha amandla akhethekileyo. Omnye wamajoni aphambili kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ubizwa ngokuba zii-T-cells .
Kolu nyango, oogqirha bathatha ezinye zezi T-cells kwithumba lakho. Emva koko, kwilebhu, bakhangela ukuba zeziphi kwezi T-cells ezilwa nomhlaza kakhulu. Bakhetha "amajoni angcono," bazenzele ubunjineli bemfuza, bazenze zibe namandla ngakumbi, baze bazikhulise zibe zizigidi.
Ekugqibeleni, le "mkhosi weeseli ze-T ezinamandla kakhulu" ibuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho nge-IV. Ngoku ezi seli ziya ngqo ekufuneni nasekutshabalaliseni iiseli zomhlaza.
Olunye lonyango oludumileyo phantsi kolu didi yi -CAR T-cell therapy . Isetyenziselwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-leukemia kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, ezifana ne-lymphoma, ezingakhange ziphendule kwezinye iindlela zonyango.
2. Izithinteli zokujonga
Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ikwanayo nenkqubo "yeebhuleki." Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-checkpoints. Ezi bhuleki zenzelwe ukuthintela inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ukuba ingahlaseli ngokungeyomfuneko iiseli zethu eziphilileyo.
Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza ezinobuchule zisebenzisa eli thuba lenkqubo yeebhuleki. Zenza iiproteni kumphezulu wazo ezivuselela ezi ndawo zokuhlola, zithumela umyalezo kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela, zisithi, "Ndingomnye wenu, musani ukundihlasela." Kufana nesela elinxibe iyunifomu yamapolisa.
Amayeza okuthintela umhlaza asebenza ngokukhulula le "brake" ebamba iiseli zomhlaza endaweni yazo. Oku kuvumela ii-T-cell zethu ukuba ziqaphele umhlaza njengotshaba kwaye ziwuhlasele.
Le ndlela yonyango ngoku isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga, webele, wezintso, kunye nowesikhumba (i-melanoma).
3. Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal
Ezi zii-antibodies, ezenzelwe ngokukodwa elebhu. Zifana "nemijukujelwa" enokukhangela ize ibambe iiseli zomhlaza.
Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ayisoloko ikwazi ukubona iiseli zomhlaza "njengezimbi." Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal ziyayinceda ekwenzeni oko. Ezi antibodies zinamathela kumphezulu weeseli zomhlaza. Emva koko, kufana neflegi ebhabha phezu kwelo seli, okwenza kube lula ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela ikubone. Kufana nokuthi, "Nalu utshaba." Emva koko ii-T-cells zinokuzitshabalalisa ngokulula ezo seli zomhlaza.
Ezinye ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal zineziyobisi zokulwa nomhlaza ( i-chemotherapy ) okanye izinto ezine-radioactive ezinamathele kuzo. Le antibody emva koko ithwala iyeza ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza ize ilithumele.
4. Iigonyo zomhlaza
Ezi zifana nje nemithi yokugonya eqhelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
- Iigonyo zokuthintela: Ezi zigonyo ezikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezinokubangela umhlaza. Umzekelo ongcono kakhulu yigonyo yeHPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Le ntsholongwane yeHPV inokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ukufumana igonyo yeHPV kunokunciphisa kakhulu loo mngcipheko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufumane okungakumbi.
- Iigonyo zonyango: Ezi zenzelwe ukuqeqesha inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuhlasela umhlaza osele ukho emzimbeni.
Liyintoni ikamva le-immunotherapy?
Unyango lwe-immunotherapy luselukhula ngokukhawuleza, njengoko izazinzulu zihlala zizama ukuqonda ngcono indlela amasosha omzimba wethu alwa ngayo nomhlaza.
Ukongeza, kuqhutywa uphando ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingaba unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokunikwa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy, ukuphucula iziphumo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintlobo ezimbini ze-immunotherapy zinikwa kunye.
Kodwa kusekho umbuzo omkhulu ongaphendulwanga. Yiyo loo nto olu nyango, njengezinye iindlela zonyango, lusebenza kakuhle kangaka kwezinye izigulana ngelixa lungasebenzi kakuhle kwabanye. Uphando lusaqhubeka ukufumana izizathu zoku.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-immunotherapy lunyango oluphambili kakhulu olusebenzisa amandla enkqubo yomzimba wethu yokulwa nomhlaza.
- Endaweni yokuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zomhlaza, oku "kuqeqesha" inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ikwazi ukubona nokutshabalalisa ezo seli.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-immunotherapy, ezifana ne-Checkpoint Inhibitors, i-CAR T-cell therapy, kunye ne-Monoclonal Antibodies.
- Le ndlela yonyango ayifanelekanga kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza okanye kuzo zonke izigulana. Iya kugqitywa ngugqirha ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yempilo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unesifo somhlaza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango lwanamhlanje uze ubuze ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
Unyango lwe-immunotherapy, unyango lomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza i-sinhala , ii-T-cells, izithinteli zokujonga, ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal, unyango lwee-T-cell ze-CAR, umhlaza, iSri Lanka
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