Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi yinxalenye yomzimba wakho, mhlawumbi intamo yakho, ingalo, umlenze, okanye iinkophe zakho, ziyaqhaqhazela, ziyaqhaqhazela, okanye zibambeke kwindawo ethile? Oku kunokuba ngamava angathandekiyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abuhlungu. Akuvamile ukuba izihlunu zihambe ngale ndlela ngaphandle kokulawula. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ye-neurological ebizwa ngokuba yi -dystonia , ebangela ezi mpawu kodwa ayixoxwa kakhulu kuluntu.
Yintoni kanye kanye iDystonia?
Ngamafutshane, i-dystonia sisifo semithambo-luvo esichaphazela intshukumo. Indlela izihlunu zethu ezirhuqa kwaye ziphumla ngayo ilawulwa ziimpawu ezivela ebuchotsheni. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-dystonia, kukho ingxaki ngonxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-basal ganglia, inxalenye enzulu yengqondo elawula intshukumo. Ngenxa yoko, izihlunu zifumana iimpawu ezingalunganga kwaye zirhuqa ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kubangela ukuba iindawo zomzimba zijijeke, zoluleke, kwaye zibambeke kwindawo enye.
Le meko inokuchaphazela umsipha omnye, iqela lemisipha, okanye umzimba wonke. Abanye abantu bayayibhidanisa le mibandela mibini i-dystonia kunye ne-dyskinesia. I-Dyskinesia, ekwaluhlobo lwe-dystonia, liqela leentshukumo ezizenzekelayo nezishukumisayo ezibangelwa kukuxinana kwemisipha.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-dystonia?
Uphawu oluphambili kukudumba kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo. Oku kunokuhluka ukusuka kokuncinci ukuya kokuqatha. Ezi mpawu zihlala zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonakala kwizigaba zokuqala:
- Ukuziva ngathi umlenze omnye uyarhuqa xa uhamba.
- Ukukrwela rhoqo iintende zeenyawo.
- Ukutsala okanye ukujija intamo kwicala elinye ngokungalawulekiyo.
- Ukuqhwanyaza okungalawulekiyo.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha.
- Emva kokuba uqalile ukubhala, ukubhala kwakho kuyaphazamiseka okanye isandla sakho siqala ukuba buhlungu.
- Ukungcangcazela kwamalungu omzimba.
Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala okanye zibe mandundu ngamaxesha oxinzelelo okanye ukudinwa. Ezi zigulana zikwafumana iintlungu kunye nokudinwa ngenxa yokuxinana kwemisipha rhoqo.
Indlela ezikhula ngayo iimpawu iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka apho le meko isenzeka khona.
- Ngexesha lobuntwana:Iimpawu zihlala ziqala engalweni okanye emlenzeni, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha zinokusasazeka emzimbeni wonke.
- Kwabantu abadala abancinci: Iimpawu zihlala ziqala emzimbeni ongaphezulu (umz., entanyeni, ezingalweni). Iimpawu zisasazeka kancinci.
Ziziphi izizathu ze-dystonia?
Uninzi lwee-dystonias azinasizathu sicacileyo, kodwa oogqirha bahlula le meko ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
1. I-Dystonia ye-Genetic
Oku kubangelwa sisiphene kwiijini ezizuzwe ngabazali. Kuye kwafunyaniswa iijini ezininzi ezinxulumene ne-dystonia. Umzekelo, utshintsho kwiijini ezifana ne-DYT1, DYT5, kunye ne-DYT6 lunokubangela le meko. Ezinye zezi ntlobo ziqala ebuntwaneni kwaye zinokubangela nokukhubazeka okukhulu.
2. I-Acquired Dystonia
Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-secondary dystonia. Kubangelwa kukonakala kwenxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-basal ganglia. Lo monakalo unokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukonzakala Ebuchotsheni
- Istroke
- Ithumba lobuchopho
- Ukunqongophala kweoksijini engqondweni xa uzalwa okanye ngelinye ixesha
- Usulelo lobuchopho
- Iityhefu ezibangelwa kukutya i-carbon monoxide okanye iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-lead. (Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho ityhefu, nxibelelana neZiko loLwazi lweePoisons kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ngoko nangoko.)
- Iimpendulo kumayeza athile (iTardive Dystonia). Ezi zihlala zisenzeka okwexeshana.
3. I-Idiopathic Dystonia
Igama elithi idiopathic lithetha ukuthi "akukho sizathu sifumanekayo." Abantu abaninzi abane-dystonia baba nale meko ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-dystonia?
I-Dystonia inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba eyichaphazelayo. Ukuqonda olu hlobo kuya kukunceda uyiqonde ngcono imeko yakho.
| Uhlobo lweDystonia | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Dystonia yoMlomo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-torticollis, luchaphazela izihlunu zentamo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intloko itsalwe ecaleni, ijijeke, okanye ithambekele phambili okanye ngasemva. |
| I-Blepharospasm | Ichaphazela izihlunu ezijikeleze amehlo. Iqala ngokuqhwanyaza okungalawulekiyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amehlo asenokuhlala evalekile. Nangona umbono ulungile, amehlo avaliwe, nto leyo eyenza kubonakale ngathi umntu uyimfama. |
| I-Laryngeal Dystonia | Ichaphazela izihlunu zemicu yelizwi emqaleni ezikunceda ukuba uthethe. Ilizwi lakho lisenokuba buthathaka, lirhawuzelele, okanye libe nesandi sokuphefumla, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kwabanye ukuba baqonde. |
| I-Oromandibular Dystonia | Ichaphazela izihlunu zomhlathi, imilebe, nolwimi, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya. |
| I-Dystonia ejolise kwimisebenzi ethile | Oku kwenzeka kuphela xa kukho imisebenzi ethile ephindaphindwayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukukrala kwababhali, okwenzeka kuphela xa bebhala, okanye ukungakhululeki okufunyanwa ngabo badlala izixhobo zomculo. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-dystonia?
Akukho nyango lwe-dystonia okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezisebenzayo ezinokunceda ukulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bube lula. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela unyango olulungele wena.
Amayeza
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anceda ukulawula ukushwabana kwemisipha ngokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwemiqondiso engalunganga engqondweni.
- Amayeza achaphazela inkqubo ye-dopamine: Amayeza afana ne-`Levodopa`.
- Amayeza okulwa ne-cholinergic: Amayeza afana ne-`Trihexyphenidyl`.
- Amayeza alawula iGABA: Amayeza afana ne-`Baclofen`, `Clonazepam`.
- Inaliti yeBotulinum Toxin:Olu lolunye lonyango olusebenzayo olusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi. Lwaziwa ngokuba yi-'Botox'. Oku kuquka ukufaka eli yeza ngqo kwimisipha echaphazelekayo. Oku kuyenza buthathaka imisipha okwethutyana kwaye kumise ukubhitya okungafunekiyo. Olu tyando kufuneka lunikwe ngugqirha ofanelekileyo malunga neenyanga ezi-3.
Utyando
Utyando luqwalaselwa kwiimeko ezinzima ezingenakulawulwa ngamayeza.
- Ukukhuthazwa koBuchopho obuNzulu (i-DBS): Oku kuquka ukufaka i-electrode kwindawo echaphazelekayo yengqondo uze uyidibanise nebhetri ephantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Iipulse zombane ezithambileyo eziphuma kule electrode zilawula imiqondiso engaqhelekanga engqondweni kwaye zinciphise ukushwabana kwemisipha.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
- Unyango Lomzimba: Lunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu, ukwenza umthambo wokuzolula, kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lokushukuma.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Lukunceda wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokunxiba nokutya ngokulula.
- Unyango Lokuthetha: Lunceda abantu abaneengxaki zelizwi ukuba bathethe lula.
Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya
Kunye nonyango, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ngokwakho ukuze unciphise iimpawu.
- Faka ucinezelo olushushu okanye olubandayo kwiimisipha ezibuhlungu.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo. Izinto ezifana nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu kunye nokucamngca zinokunceda.
- Zama oko kubizwa ngokuba "ngamaqhinga okuva." Abanye abantu banokumisa okwethutyana ukuva okanye ukuva ngokuchukumisa kancinci izihlunu eziva okanye indawo ekufutshane.
- Ngokuphathelele ukutya, akukho bungqina bokuba naluphi na uhlobo lokutya luchaphazela i-dystonia. Nangona kunjalo, i-caffeine iyakhuthaza kwaye inokunyusa iimpawu kwabanye abantu. Ngoko ke ungathanda ukucinga ngokunciphisa izinto ezifana neti nekofu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela otya ngayo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Dystonia yimeko yemithambo-luvo apho izihlunu zifinyela ngokungalawulekiyo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiqondiso yobuchopho.
- Le meko inokubangelwa yimfuza, umonakalo wobuchopho, okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu konke konke.
- Iimpawu ezinje ngokuqina kwentamo, ukuvala amehlo ngokungazi, kunye nentlungu esandleni xa ubhala zezona mpawu ziphambili.
- Unyango olufana namayeza, i-Botox injections, utyando lwe-DBS, kunye nonyango lomzimba lunokulawula ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nezi mpawu, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ingcali yezifo zengqondo ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.
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