Njengomfazi, ukunyamekela impilo yebele lakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi ' mammogram ' ngamanye amaxesha linokubangela ixhala okanye ukuthandabuza, akunjalo? Kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ukuba kuya kuba buhlungu na, kuya kwenzeka ntoni, okanye iziphumo zingatyhila ntoni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, apha eNirogi Lanka, sifuna ukuthetha ngayo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-mammograms—ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo, njengabahlobo abancokolayo—ukuze ukhululeke.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-mammogram?
I-mammogram luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray olusebenzisa idosi ephantsi kakhulu yemitha ukuhlola izicwili ezingaphakathi kwamabele akho. Oku kwahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-X-ray esiyisebenzisa emathanjeni ethu. Oogqirha bayisebenzisa kakhulu le ngezizathu ezibini eziphambili:
1. Uvavanyo lweMammogram: Oku kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naziphi na iimpawu (ezifana neqhuma okanye intlungu) ukuze kufunyanwe iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza webele. Cinga ngako njengokuthatha imoto yakho iye kuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba nantoni na ihambe kakubi. Injongo kukufumanisa iingxaki kwangoko.
2. I-Diagnostic Mammogram: Ukuba ubonakalise iimpawu ezintsha—ezifana neqhuma, iintlungu, ukuphuma kwamanzi kwingono, okanye utshintsho lolusu—olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ezo mpawu.
Khumbula, emva komhlaza wolusu , umhlaza webele ngomnye wemidla yomhlaza exhaphakileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba xa umhlaza webele ufunyanwa kwangethuba, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 liphezulu ukuya kuma-99% . Yingakho olu vavanyo lwe-mammogram lusesinye sezona zixhobo zinamandla esinazo ekulweni nomhlaza webele.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-mammograms?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
- I-2D Digital Mammogram: Kule ndlela yendabuko, imifanekiso yebele lakho ithathwa kwiikona ezimbini (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kunye nokusuka ecaleni ukuya kwelinye).
- I-3D Digital Mammogram (iDigital Breast Tomosynthesis): Le yindlela ephucukileyo ngakumbi. Apha, ibele licinezelwa kube kanye, kwaye umatshini uhamba nge-arc ukuze ubambe imifanekiso emininzi ye-X-ray. Ikhompyutha emva koko izihlanganise zibe ngumfanekiso we-3D, njengokubukela izilayi zezicubu zebele. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone izakhiwo zangaphakathi zebele ngokucacileyo nangobunzulu obukhulu.
Ngaba i-mammogram ingaqinisekisa umhlaza nge-100%?
Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Hayi, i-mammogram ayinakuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomhlaza.
Cinga nje ngepolisa elimisa imoto ukuze liyihlole. Ukuba nje imiswe imoto akuthethi ukuba umqhubi wenze into engalunganga; kufuneka iphandwe ngokufanelekileyo. I-mammogram isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ibonisa kuphela ukuba kukho indawo ekrokrisayo efuna ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo .
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo ekucingelwayo ukuba inomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana neBreast Ultrasound okanye iBreast Biopsy., apho kuthathwa isampuli encinci yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe. I-biopsy yeyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa okanye yokuthintela umhlaza ngokuqinisekileyo.
Ngubani ofanele ahlolwe i-mammogram, kwaye kangaphi?
Ngokubanzi, izikhokelo zamazwe ngamazwe zicebisa ukuba wonke umfazi kufuneka aqale ukwenza i-mammogram rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukususela kwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-75.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mthetho awufanelani konke konke. Ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza webele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqale ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40 okanye uyenze rhoqo (umz., ngonyaka).
Ngubani onokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza webele?
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo ezikukhathazayo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze ishedyuli ye-mammogram efanelekileyo kuwe:
- Ukhe wakha waba nomhlaza webele ngaphambili .
- Unembali entle yosapho (umama, udadewenu, intombi) yomhlaza webele okanye wesibeleko .
- Uqinisekisiwe ukuba une -BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 gene mutations, ezonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza webele.
- Uneengxaki ezithile zamabele ezingezizo ezomhlaza, ezifana ne -atypical ductal hyperplasia , ezonyusa umngcipheko kwixesha elizayo.
- Unamabele aqinileyo (oku kuya kukhankanywa kwingxelo yakho ye-mammogram).
Ngamaxesha angaqhelekanga kakhulu, amadoda anembali yosapho enobungozi obukhulu anokufuna ukuba enziwe i-mammogram.
Ulungiselela njani i-mammogram?
Kukho amalungiselelo alula ekufuneka uwenze ngaphambi nangosuku lovavanyo lwakho. Masiwahlalutye.
| Indlela Yokulungiselela | Iinkcukacha |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti yakho | Zama ukuphepha ukuhlela uviwo lwakho ngeveki engaphambi okanye ngexesha lokuya exesheni. Amabele akho anokuba novakalelo ngakumbi ngeli xesha, nto leyo enokwenza uvavanyo lungabi mnandi. Ixesha elifanelekileyo limalunga neveki emva kokuba ixesha lakho liphelile. |
| Izaziso ezibalulekileyo | Nceda wazise abasebenzi bethu xa ubhukisha ukuba ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, okanye uncancisa. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uyakhankanya ukuba une-implants zamabele okanye ufumene i-vaccine kutshanje. |
| Ngomhla woviwo | Musa ukufaka i-deodorant, i-perfume, i-lotion, okanye i-body powder kwi-underlaps okanye esifubeni sakho. Ezi mveliso ziqulathe amasuntswana anokubonakala njengamabala kwimifanekiso ye-X-ray kwaye anokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwengxelo yakho. |
| Iimpahla | Ekubeni kuya kufuneka ukhulule ukususela esinqeni ukuya phezulu, ukunxiba impahla enamacala amabini (njengeblawuzi enebhulukhwe okanye isiketi) kulula kunokunxiba ilokhwe. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-mammogram?
Le nkqubo ilula kwaye idla ngokuthatha imizuzu eli-15-20 kuphela.
1. Uza kucelwa ukuba ukhulule ubucwebe kunye nempahla ukusuka esinqeni ukuya phezulu kwaye uza kunikwa ilokhwe evuleka ngaphambili.
2. Ingcali yetekhnoloji iza kukusa kumatshini we-mammogram kwaye ikuncede ngokubeka iliso lakho kwindawo ethile.
3. Ibele lakho liza kubekwa kwiqonga elikhethekileyo.
4. Iphedi yeplastiki iya kucinezela ibele lakho kancinci. Olu xinzelelo lubalulekile , njengoko lusasaza izicubu ukuqinisekisa imifanekiso ecacileyo nesemgangathweni kwaye lunciphisa idosi yemitha efunekayo.
5. Umfanekiso we-X-reyi uthathwa ngelixa ibele lakho licinezelwe okwethutyana imizuzwana embalwa.
6. Le nkqubo iphinda-phindwa kwelinye icala.
7. Wakugqiba, unganxiba uze uqalise ngoko nangoko imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
Ingxaki Eqhelekileyo: Ngaba i-mammogram ibuhlungu?
Abantu abaninzi bayakhathazeka ngale nto. Inyaniso kukuba, iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye banokuziva bengakhululekanga okanye bexinezelekile kancinci , ngelixa abanye banokufumanisa ukuba ibuhlungu kancinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungonwabi kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Nje ukuba umfanekiso uthathwe, uxinzelelo luyakhululwa. Ukuba ukungonwabi kubonakala kunganyamezeleki, nceda uthethe kwaye uxelele ingcali ngoko nangoko.
Amava akho anokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Ubungakanani bebele lakho kunye nobunzima balo.
- Ixesha lomjikelo wakho wokuya exesheni.
- Amava kunye nesakhono sengcali yetekhnoloji.
- Ukukwazi kwakho ukuphumla nokugcina indawo efunekayo.
Ukuqonda Ingxelo Yakho
Iziphumo zakho ze-mammogram zihlala zifumaneka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Iziphumo zihlelwa ngokwenkqubo eqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) .
| Amanqaku e-BI-RADS | Intsingiselo elula |
|---|---|
| 0 | Ulwazi olungaphelelanga. Kufuneka imifanekiso eyongezelelweyo (umz., i-Ultrasound). |
| 1 | Ayilunganga. Akukho ziphazamiso zifunyenweyo. Qhubeka nokuhlolwa rhoqo. |
| 2 | Ilungile. Iziphumo azinazo iintsholongwane zomhlaza. |
| 3 | Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayilunganga, kodwa uvavanyo olulandelayo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 luyacetyiswa. |
| 4 | Kuyarhaneleka. Amathuba okuba nesifo somhlaza aphantsi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy. |
| 5 | Kuyarhaneleka kakhulu. Amathuba aphezulu okuba nomhlaza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kuyimfuneko. |
| 6 | Umhlaza owaziwayo obonakaliswe yi-biopsy. |
Musa ukoyika ukuba ufumana iziphumo "ezingaqhelekanga". Oku akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Kuthetha nje ukuba kukho into efunyenweyo efuna uphando olongezelelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngokucacileyo amanyathelo alandelayo afunekayo.
Kuthekani ukuba ndine-implants zamabele?
Ukuba nee-implants zamabele akukuthinteli ukuba wenze i-mammogram. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka usazise xa ubhukisha idinga lakho kwaye wazise ingcali yezobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukuskena.
Ngenxa yokuba ii-implants zebele ngamanye amaxesha zinokufihla izicubu ezingaphantsi, siza kuthatha ezinye iimbono ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-implant displacement (ID) views ngaphaya kwemifanekiso eqhelekileyo. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, i-implant ibuyiselwa umva kancinci ukuze izise izicubu zebele zendalo phambili ukuze zibonakale ngokucacileyo. Akukho mfuneko yokuba uzive ukhathazekile ngeli nyathelo longezelelweyo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo kwimpilo yakho
- I-mammogram iseyeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo neyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokubona umhlaza wamabele kwangethuba. Nceda ungoyiki yile nkqubo.
- Nangona usenokuba nengxaki yokwethutyana, le nkqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kwaye ilutyalo-mali olusindisa ubomi kwimpilo yakho yexesha elide.
- Ukuba uneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeemammograms eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba unezinto ezithile ezinokubangela umngcipheko, kunokufuneka uqalise ukuxilongwa kwangoko.
- Ukuba ufumana iziphumo "ezingaqhelekanga", zama ukungoyiki. Oku akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza; kuthetha nje ukuba kufuneka uphando olongezelelweyo okanye imifanekiso.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho, amaqhuma, okanye intlungu engapheliyo emabeleni akho, musa ukulinda i-mammogram yakho elandelayo ecwangcisiweyo—nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.
I-Mammogram, i-Mammogram, Umhlaza webele, Umhlaza webele, i-X-ray, Impilo yabasetyhini, impilo yabasetyhini, Ukuhlolwa komhlaza, ukuhlolwa, iNirogi Lanka
