Sonke sinemibala yolusu eyahlukileyo, imibala yeenwele, kunye nemibala yamehlo, akunjalo? Eminye imhlophe kakhulu, eminye imhlophe, kwaye eminye inesikhumba esimnyama. Kunjalo nangeenwele, ezinemibala emnyama emnyama nemdaka. Cinga nje, ngubani iarhente eyimfihlo eyongeza lo mbala umangalisayo kwinkangeleko yethu? Eyo arhente eyimfihlo yile nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-melanin . Namhlanje, masithethe nge-melanin, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-melanin?
I-Melanin yi-pigment yendalo eveliswa yimizimba yethu. Njengokuba sisebenzisa iipeyinti xa sipeyinta, imizimba yethu isebenzisa le pigment ebizwa ngokuba yi-melanin ukunika ulusu lwethu, iinwele, namehlo imibala yazo eyahlukileyo. Yikhemikhali eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwe nge-amino acid ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Tyrosine)`. Kodwa musa ukuvumela amagama anjalo akudide. Khumbula nje, i-melanin yimibala yendalo yemizimba yethu .
Iphi i-melanin eveliswa emzimbeni wethu?
I-Melanin iveliswa kuhlobo oluthile lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes . Sikwabiza ezi "ziifektri ezincinci ze-melanin." Ezi fektri zikwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu.
- Ezinweleni zakho.
- Kwindawo enzulu yolusu lwakho.
- Kwiindawo ezifana nombala weliso lakho kunye neenkwenkwezi.
- Kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho bakho (`Substantia nigra` kunye` locus coeruleus`).
- Kwezinye iindawo ze-adrenal glands zethu.
- Kwezinye iindawo zendlebe engaphakathi.
Zingaphi iintlobo ze-melanin ezikhoyo?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-melanin. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenza into eyahlukileyo emzimbeni wethu. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Uhlobo lweMelanin | Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo? |
|---|---|
| I-Eumelanin | Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto, emnyama nemdaka. Inoxanduva lwemibala emnyama yolusu lwethu, iinwele, kunye namehlo. Abantu abaneenwele ezimnyama okanye ezimdaka baneentlobo zombini ngobuninzi obahlukeneyo. Xa kungekho eumelanin emnyama, kodwa kungekho eumelanin encinci emdaka, iinwele zomntu ziba mhlophe. |
| I-Pheomelanin | Olu hlobo lolona lunika imilebe yakho, iingono zakho, kunye neendawo ezipinki zomzimba wakho umbala wazo. Abantu abane-eumelanin kunye ne-pheomelanin ngokulinganayo banokuba neenwele ezibomvu. |
| I-Neuromelanin | Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo ezimbini, le ayifaki umbala kwinto esiyibonayo ngamehlo ethu. I-Neuromelanin inika umbala kwii-neurons, okanye iiseli zemithambo-luvo, engqondweni yethu. |
I-melanin ichaphazela njani umahluko kumbala wolusu?
Le yinyaniso enomdla kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, sonke sinenani elifanayo leefektri ezivelisa i-melanin, okanye ii-melanocytes, emizimbeni yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani be-melanin eveliswa zezo seli buyahluka kumntu nomntu.
Ngamafutshane, ukuba iiseli zakho ze-melanocyte zenza i-melanin eninzi, ulusu lwakho, iinwele zakho, namehlo akho aya kuba mnyama. Ukuba ezo seli zenza i-melanin encinci, ulusu lwakho, iinwele zakho, namehlo akho aya kuba mhlophe. Amabala eluswini lwethu (amabala) ngamaqoqo nje eeseli ze-melanocyte eziqokelelene kwindawo enye kwaye zivelisa i-melanin engakumbi.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, umbala wolusu ngumlinganiselo wobungakanani be-melanin eveliswa emizimbeni yethu, hayi enye into.
Indlela i-melanin enceda ngayo ukukhusela ulusu lwethu elangeni
I-Melanin ayisiyonto nje esinika umbala. Yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Xa uphuma elangeni, umzimba wakho uqala ukuvelisa i-melanin engakumbi. Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba xa uphuma elangeni, ulusu lwakho luba mnyama kancinci. Kungenxa yokuba imveliso ye-melanin iyanda.
Le melanin igqithisileyo isebenza njengesambrela sendalo, ifunxa imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) eyingozi evela elangeni. Oku kuthintela loo misebe iyingozi ukuba ingangeni nzulu eluswini lwethu kwaye yonakalise iiseli. Ikhusela nolwazi lwemfuza olungaphakathi kwiiseli zethu.
Kodwa khumbula oku! Olu khuselo lwendalo kwi-melanin lodwa alwanelanga ukukhusela ulusu lwethu ngokupheleleyo elangeni. Ke ngoko, nokuba ulusu lwakho lunombala onjani na, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen elungileyo ngalo lonke ixesha uphuma ngaphandle.
Ziziphi ezinye izibonelelo esizifumanayo kwi-melanin?
Ngaphandle kokusikhusela elangeni, i-melanin inezinye iingenelo kuthi.
- Ukhuseleko kwi-ROS: Xa iiseli zethu zisebenza, zivelisa iimveliso eziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Reactive Oxygen Species - ROS". Xa ezi ziqokelelana kwiiseli zethu, zinokubangela ukuba saluphale ngaphambi kwexesha, sibe nezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, kunye nomhlaza. I-Melanin isebenza ngokubamba nokutshabalalisa ezi ROS ziyingozi.
- Ukuxhasa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba i-melanin inokunceda inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye inciphise ukudumba emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo lwenziwa ngale nto.
Izifo ezibangelwa kukuguquguquka kwemveliso ye-melanin
Ngamanye amaxesha, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokwehla kwemveliso ye-melanin emzimbeni wethu okanye utshintsho oluthile kuwo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezi meko.
| Isigulo | Inkcazo nje |
|---|---|
| I-Vitiligo | Kule meko, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba itshabalalisa iiseli ze-melanocyte ezivelisa i-melanin. Oku kubangela ukuba ulusu lulahlekelwe ngumbala walo kwaye kuvele amabala amhlophe. Nangona oku kunokwenzeka nakubani na, la mabala abonakala ngakumbi kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama. |
| Ubu-Albinism | Ingxaki engaqhelekanga ebangelwa kukuvelisa i-melanin encinci emzimbeni. Aba bantu banolusu olukhanyayo, iinwele ezimhlophe, namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bakwasengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kokubona kunye nokonakala lilanga. |
| I-Melasma | Kulapho kuvela khona amabala amdaka okanye angwevu-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni okanye ezandleni. Utshintsho lweehomoni, ukukhanya elangeni, kunye neepilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa zinokubangela oku. Ukuba unamabala anje, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso. |
| Ukulahleka kombala emva kokonakala kolusu | Ukuba ulusu lwakho luyosuleleka, lutshiswe, okanye lube namadyungudyungu, ngamanye amaxesha umzimba usenokungakwazi ukuvelisa i-melanin kwakhona kwindawo eyonakeleyo. |
| Ukuphazamiseka kokuva | Ekubeni i-melanin ikhona nakwindlebe yethu yangaphakathi, kufunyenwe ukuba abantu abane-melanin ephantsi basengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zokuva. |
| Isifo sikaParkinson | Njengoko sikhula, i-neuromelanin ebuchotsheni bethu iyanda. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abanesifo sikaParkinson, eli nani le-neuromelanin liyancipha njengoko iiseli zengqondo zisifa. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho i-melanin eninzi emzimbeni?
Abanye abantu bavelisa i-melanin eninzi emizimbeni yabo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hyperpigmentation . Oku akusoloko kuyimeko eyingozi. Xa oku kusenzeka, ezinye iindawo zesikhumba ziba mnyama kunesikhumba esijikelezileyo.
Ngaba kukho iindlela zokunyusa amanqanaba e-melanin?
Nangona kukho iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezithi zonyusa i-melanin, akukho bungqina besayensi bokusebenza kwazo. Ngoko ke musa ukukhohliswa zizinto ezinjalo. Kwakhona, abanye abantu bacinga ukuba ukutshaya i-tan kunokunyusa i-melanin. Leyo yingcamango engalunganga kwaye iyingozi. Ukutshaya i-tan kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu.
Ngaba iMelanin neMelatonin zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe, la magama mabini ahluke ngokupheleleyo. Nangona la magama mabini evakala efana, imisebenzi yawo yahlukile kakhulu.
- I-Melanin yipigment enika umbala kulusu nakwiinwele zethu.
- I-Melatonin yi -hormone elawula umjikelo wethu wokulala nokuvuka.
Ngaba abantu abane-melanin eninzi eluswini lwabo banokuswela i-vitamin D?
Lo ngumbuzo obalulekileyo. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-vitamin D engaphantsi kunabo banesikhumba esikhanyayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-melanin eninzi ifunxa imisebe ye-UV efunekayo ukwenza i-vitamin D. Kukho izifundo ezixhasa oku, kodwa kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ngale nto. Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Melanin yi-pigment yendalo enika umbala kulusu lwethu, iinwele, namehlo ethu.
- Nangona isinika ukhuselo lwendalo elangeni, ayanelanga. Nokuba ulusu lwakho lunombala onjani na, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i -sunscreen elungileyo xa uphuma elangeni.
- Amanqanaba e-melanin aphantsi okanye aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga anokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezithile zempilo.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olutsha kumbala wolusu lwakho (njengamabala amhlophe, amabala amnyama), kububulumko ukuba ungoyiki uze ubone ugqirha ukuze uthethe ngalo mba.
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