Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nomhlaza wolusu!

Ngaba ukhathazekile kancinci nge-mole entsha okanye ukukhula okuncinci eluswini lwakho? Okanye uvakalelwa kukuba umbala okanye imo ye-mole oye waba nayo ixesha elide itshintshile? Zonke ezi zinokuba zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza wolusu, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, akunjalo?

Yintoni le mhlaza wolusu?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wolusu kukukhula okungaqhelekanga nokungalawulekiyo kweeseli eluswini lwakho. Cinga ngeeseli zethu zolusu njengezisebenzi ezincinci. Zisebenza nzima, ziguge, zize zife. Emva koko iiseli ezintsha ziyakhula ukuze zithathe indawo yazo. Le yinkqubo esempilweni neqhelekileyo.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi xa sichatshazelwa yimitha ye-ultraviolet eyingozi (ukukhanya kwe-UV) evela elangeni, le nkqubo inokungahambi kakuhle. Emva koko iiseli ziqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nangendlela engalawulekiyo. Ezinye zeeseli ezintsha ezikhula ngale ndlela zinokuba zingengomhlaza (ezingenabungozi). Azibangeli monakalo mkhulu kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Kodwa ezinye zazo zinokuba ngumhlaza (umhlaza). Yiyo loo ngxaki.

Ezi seli zomhlaza, ukuba azifunyanwanga kwaye zinyangwe kwangethuba , zinokusasazeka kwizicwili ezikufutshane nangaphaya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Yiyo loo nto ukufunyanwa nonyango kwangethuba kubaluleke kakhulu . Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza wolusu unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga okanye eyahlukileyo ngolusu lwakho, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zomhlaza wolusu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezi:

• I-basal cell carcinoma: Le ntsholongwane ikhula kwiiseli ze-basal ezingaphantsi kwe-epidermis, umaleko ongaphandle kolusu lwakho. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolusu.
• I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Oku kuvela kwiiseli ze-squamous kumaleko angaphandle kwesikhumba sakho.
• I-Melanoma : Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu. Lukhula kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes. Ezi melanocytes zivelisa umbala obizwa ngokuba yi-melanin , onika ulusu lwethu umbala walo. I-Melanin ikwanceda ekukhuseleni ulusu ngandlela thile kwimitha yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet. I-Melanoma iyingozi kuba inomngcipheko omkhulu wokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kunezinye iintlobo ezimbini.

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu:

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza wolusu.

• I-Kaposi sarcoma
• Umhlaza weseli yeMerkel
• I-carcinoma ye-sebaceous gland
• Iiprotuberans zeDermatofibrosarcoma (`iDermatofibroSarcoma protuberans`)

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza wolusu?

Kumazwe afana ne-United States, umhlaza wolusu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza. Ngokwezibalo, malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu uza kuba nomhlaza wolusu ebomini bakhe. Nangona kungekho datha ithile icacileyo ngemeko yelizwe lethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu?

Uphawu oluphambili lwesilumkiso somhlaza wolusu kukutshintsha kolusu lwakho. Oku kungaba yi-mole entsha, ukukhula, okanye utshintsho kwi-mole okanye ibala elikhoyo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu zomhlaza wolusu:

• Kuvela uphawu olutsha. Okanye uphawu olukhoyo lutshintsha ubungakanani, imo, okanye umbala, okanye ukopha.
• Into efana neqamza elikhazimlayo nelinenkile ebusweni bakho, ezindlebeni, okanye entanyeni.
• Ibala okanye iqhuma elithe tyaba, elipinki/elibomvu okanye elimdaka.
• Ezinye iindawo zesikhumba zibonakala ngathi zizilonda .
• Amanxeba arhabaxa , abonakala ngathi atshonile, okanye opha rhoqo.
• Inxeba elingapholiyo , okanye inxeba eliphola lize liphinde livele.
• Inxeba elirhabaxa, elinamaxolo elinokurhawuzelela, liphume igazi , kwaye libe noqweqwe.

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, musa ukuyityeshela, kulungile?

Ubonakala njani umhlaza wolusu? (umthetho we-ABCDE)

Indlela umhlaza wolusu obonakala ngayo iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwawo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho indlela elula yokukhumbula. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumthetho we-ABCDE . Oku kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele.

• A – Ukungalingani: Oku kuthetha ukuba imilo ye-mole ayilunganga. Kubonakala ngathi icala elinye alifani nelinye xa linqunyulwe phakathi.
• B – Umda: Umphetho wendawo awucacanga, awucacanga, kwaye awulunganga ngokwemilo.
• C – Umbala: Ukubakho kwemibala eyahlukeneyo engaphezulu komnye (umz. umdaka, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kwindawo enye.
• D – Ububanzi: Ibala likhulu kunobukhulu berabha yepensile (ngaphezu kweemilimitha ezi-6).
• E – Ukuguquka: I-mole ibonisa utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengokukhula, ukutshintsha imo, ukutshintsha umbala, okanye ukuphakama. Olu lolona phawu lubalulekileyo!

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nophawu lokuzalwa, isilonda solusu, okanye nantoni na entsha eluswini lwakho, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Baza kuhlola ulusu lwakho, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, bakuthumele kugqirha wesikhumba.

Zithini izizathu zale meko?

Eyona nto ibangela umhlaza wolusu kukuba sengozini yokutshiswa lilanga kakhulu , ingakumbi ukusa kwinqanaba lokutsha lilanga nokudumba. Imitha ye-ultraviolet (`imitha ye-UV`) evela elangeni yonakalisa i-DNA (`i-DNA`) kwiiseli zethu zolusu. Oku kubangela ukuba inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokwahlulwa kweeseli iphazamiseke, kwaye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziqale ukwakheka. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo, zenze inqwaba yeeseli zomhlaza.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza wolusu?

Umhlaza wolusu unokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba ungowaluphi na uhlanga okanye isini. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Umhlaza wolusu uxhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50, kodwa uxhaphake kakhulu kumadoda emva kweminyaka engama-50. Abantu abanolusu olukhanyayo banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nawo kunabantu abamnyama okanye baseAsia/Pacific Islander. Ngelishwa, umhlaza wolusu kubantu abanolusu olumnyama udla ngokufunyaniswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

Usethubeni lokuba nomhlaza wolusu ukuba unezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi elangeni, nokuba usemsebenzini okanye udlala, lo mngcipheko uphezulu kwabo basebenza kumasimi ezolimo elizwe lethu, kwicandelo lokwakha, nakubazalwana noodade bethu abasebenza kufutshane nolwandle.
• Ukuba utsha lula elangeni, okanye ukhe watsha elangeni ngaphambili.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enelanga okanye ephakamileyo njengelizwe lethu.
• Ukuba ulusu lufakwe umbala wesikhumba (`tan`) okanye ukuba kusetyenziswa oomatshini abasetyenziselwa loo njongo (`tanning beds`).
• Ukuba unamehlo akhanyayo, iinwele ezimthubi okanye ezibomvu, kunye nolusu olumthubi okanye oluthanda ukuba namabala.
• Ukuba uneempawu zokuzalwa ezininzi, okanye ukuba uneempawu zokuzalwa ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-actinic keratosis (amabala arhabaxa, anamaxolo, apinki amnyama ukuya kumdaka anokuba ngumhlaza).
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza wolusu.
• Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba.
• Ukuba usela amayeza awenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba.
• Ukuba ufumene unyango lokukhanya kwe-UV kwiimeko zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema okanye i-psoriasis.

Ungayixilonga njani umhlaza wolusu?

Okokuqala, ugqirha wesikhumba uza kukubuza ukuba ngaba uphawule naluphi na utshintsho kwiinduli zakho ezikhoyo, amanxeba, okanye ukukhula okutsha. Emva koko, uza kuhlola ulusu emzimbeni wakho wonke. Oku kuquka intloko yakho, iindlebe, iintende zezandla, iintende zeenyawo zakho, phakathi kweenzwane zakho, amalungu esini, kwanaphakathi kweempundu zakho.

Zithini iimvavanyo zokuxilonga?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba ngumhlaza wolusu, angenza i-biopsy . I-biopsy ibandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu kwindawo ekrokrisayo aze ayithumele kwilebhu. Ingcali yezifo iya kuyihlola phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Ugqirha wakho wesikhumba uya kukuxelela ukuba ngumhlaza wolusu na, luhlobo luni, kwaye zeziphi iindlela zonyango onokuzisebenzisa.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wolusu?

Amanqanaba omhlaza akuxelela ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Amanqanaba omhlaza wolusu aqala ku-0 ukuya ku-IV (amane). Ngokubanzi, okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umhlaza ukhula kwaye kunzima ukuwunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba omhlaza we-melanoma ahluke kancinci kumanqanaba omhlaza ongengo-melanoma, aqala kwiiseli ezisisiseko okanye kwiiseli ezi-squamous.

Amanqanaba e-Melanoma:

• Inqanaba 0 (i-melanoma in situ): I-melanoma ikwindawo ephezulu yolusu kuphela.
• Inqanaba lokuQala: I-Melanoma ayinabungozi bungako, ayinabungqina bokusasazeka kwayo, kwaye idla ngokunyangwa ngotyando.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Umhlaza ubonisa iimpawu ezithile zokuba usenokuphinda ubuye, kodwa akukho bungqina bokuba usasazekile.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: I-Melanoma isasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye kulusu olukufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: I-Melanoma isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ze-lymph nodes, ulusu, okanye amalungu angaphakathi.

Amanqanaba omhlaza ongengowe-melanoma:

• Inqanaba 0: Umhlaza ukwindawo ephezulu yolusu kuphela.
• Inqanaba loku-1 (1): Umhlaza ukwindawo ephezulu nephakathi yolusu.
• Inqanaba lesiBini (2): Umhlaza ukwiingqimba eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba, kwaye uqalile ukuchaphazela imithambo-luvo okanye iingqimba ezinzulu zesikhumba.
• Inqanaba lesi-3 (3): Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kolusu ukuya kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 (4): Umhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba kunye namalungu omzimba, njengesibindi, imiphunga, kunye nengqondo.

Inyangwa njani imihlaza yolusu?

Unyango luxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umhlaza mncinane kakhulu kwaye uvalelwe kumphezulu wesikhumba, i-biopsy inokususa zonke izicwili zomhlaza. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokusetyenziswa zodwa okanye zidibene ziquka:

• Unyango lweCryotherapy:Ugqirha wesikhumba usebenzisa i-nitrogen engamanzi ukukhenkceza umhlaza wesikhumba. Kufana nokususa i-wart. Emva konyango, iiseli ezifileyo ziyasuswa.
• Utyando lokususa iiseli ezingafunekiyo: Ugqirha wesikhumba uza kususa ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nolusu oluphilileyo olujikeleze lona ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza ususiwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Utyando lweMohs: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wesikhumba ususa kuphela izicubu ezinesifo, eshiya izicubu eziphilileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ezijikelezileyo. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa i-basal cell kunye ne-squamous cell carcinomas ezikhula kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka okanye ezibalulekileyo kubuhle, njengeenkophe, iindlebe, imilebe, ibunzi, isikhumba sentloko, iminwe, kunye namalungu esini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha neminye imhlaza yolusu.
• Ukucoca kunye nokulungisa ii-electrodes: Ugqirha wesikhumba usebenzisa isixhobo esibukhali nesijikelezileyo ukukrazula iiseli zomhlaza. Emva koko, kusetyenziswa umbane ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Le nkqubo idla ngokusetyenziselwa i-basal cell carcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye nezilonda zesikhumba ezinokuba ngumhlaza.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ugqirha wesikhumba okanye ingcali yomhlaza usebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba umhlaza ulinganiselwe kumaleko aphezulu eluswini, banokukunika ikhemotherapy engaphandle. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, banokukunika iipilisi okanye ikhemotherapy ene-IV (efakwa kwimithambo yegazi).
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ingcali yomhlaza ikunika amayeza aqeqesha amajoni akho omzimba ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ingcali yomhlaza wemitha isebenzisa imitha (imitha enamandla aphezulu) ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaneni kwazo.
• Unyango lwe-Photodynamic: Ugqirha wesikhumba ufaka iyeza eluswini lwakho aze alisebenzise ngokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye okubomvu okukhanyayo. Olu nyango lubulala iiseli ezinokuba ngumhlaza, kodwa aluzilimazi iiseli eziqhelekileyo.

Zithini iingxaki/iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza wolusu zixhomekeke ekubeni loluphi unyango ugqirha wakho acinga ukuba lulungele wena. Unyango lwe-chemotherapy lunokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, kunye nokulahleka kweenwele. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki zonyango lomhlaza wolusu ziquka:

• Ukopha.
• Intlungu kunye nokudumba.
• Amanxeba.
• Ukulahlekelwa zimvakalelo ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo.
• Usulelo lwesikhumba.
• Umhlaza ubuya emva kokuba ususiwe.

Ngaba umhlaza wolusu ungathintelwa?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ewe! Umhlaza wolusu unokuthintelwa. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kukuphepha ukutshiswa lilanga kakhulu nokutshiswa lilanga.Imitha ye-ultraviolet (imisebe ye-UV) evela elangeni yonakalisa ulusu lwakho, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela kumhlaza wolusu.

Ndingawunciphisa njani umngcipheko wam?

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kumhlaza wolusu:

• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu . Ezo zibhalwe "broad-spectrum" zikhusela kwi-UV-B kunye ne-UV-A ray. Faka imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uphume ngaphandle. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen yonke imihla, nokuba zimnyama okanye zimnyama.
• Nxiba umnqwazi obanzi ukuze ukhusele ubuso neendlebe zakho.
• Nxiba iihempe ezinemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde ukuze ugqume iingalo nemilenze yakho. Ukuze ufumane ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo, khangela impahla enelebhile ye-ultraviolet protection factor (UPF).
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ukuze ukhusele amehlo akho. Khetha ezo zithintela zombini imitha ye-`UV-B` kunye ne-`UV-A`.
• Sebenzisa i-lip balm ene-sunscreen.
• Kuphephe ilanga kangangoko unako phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini. Kulapho ilanga linamandla khona.
• Musa ukusebenzisa iibhedi zokuthambisa . Ukuba ufuna inkangeleko enombala omdaka , sebenzisa imveliso yokuthambisa etshizwayo.
• Buza ugqirha wakho okanye ikhemisti ukuba kukho na amayeza owasebenzisayo okwenza ulusu lwakho lube buthathaka ngakumbi elangeni. Amanye amayeza anokwenza ulusu lwakho lube buthathaka ngakumbi elangeni aquka i-tetracycline kunye ne-fluoroquinolone antibiotics, i-tricyclic antidepressants (umthombo wokuqala uthi "i-tricyclic antibiotics," kodwa ezi zihlala ziyi-antidepressants), i-antifungal griseofulvin, kunye namayeza e-statin cholesterol-lowing.
• Jonga ulusu lwakho lonke rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba ubungakanani, imilo, okanye umbala wamabala esikhumba sakho uyatshintsha na, okanye ukuba kukho amatsha avelayo. Ungalibali ukujonga intloko yakho, iindlebe, iintende zezandla, iintende zeenyawo, phakathi kweminwe yakho, amalungu esini kunye neempundu. Sebenzisa isipili, kwaye uthathe iifoto ukuba uyafuna, ukukunceda uqaphele utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwi-birthmark okanye kwenye indawo yesikhumba, bonana nogqirha wesikhumba ukuze uhlolwe umzimba wonke.

Lingakanani izinga lokuchacha kwabantu abanomhlaza wolusu?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lomhlaza wolusu lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba lunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba lusasazeke. Okukhona umhlaza ufunyanwa kwaye ususwe ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okuchacha ngokupheleleyo ayanda. Kubalulekile ukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho wesikhumba ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza awubuyi. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Uninzi lwabantu ababulawa ngumhlaza wolusu lubangelwa yi-melanoma. Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-melanoma:

• Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyi-99%.
• Ukuba isasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyi-66%.
• Ukuba isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ze-lymph nodes nakwezinye izitho zomzimba, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liyi-27%.

Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Zibonisa ukubaluleka kokubhaqwa kwangethuba.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, bona ugqirha okanye ugqirha wesikhumba ngokukhawuleza:

• Naluphi na utshintsho eluswini lwakho, okanye utshintsho kubungakanani, imo, okanye umbala weempawu zokuzalwa ezikhoyo okanye ezinye iindawo zolusu.
• Kuvela iqhuma okanye ibala elitsha eluswini lwakho.
• Inxeba elingapholiyo.
• Amabala ahlukileyo kwamanye amabala eluswini lwakho.
• Naliphi na indawo etshintshayo, erhawuzelelayo, okanye ephuma igazi.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola ulusu lwakho, athathe i-biopsy ukuba kuyimfuneko, afumanise ukuba kukho ingxaki, aze axoxe ngeendlela zonyango. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuba uhlolwe ulusu ngokupheleleyo ngugqirha wesikhumba ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho wesikhumba:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza wolusu endinalo?
• Umhlaza wolusu lwam ukwinqanaba elingakanani?
• Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluza kufuneka ndilwenze?
• Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango lomhlaza wolusu lwam?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zolo nyango?
• Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zalo mhlaza kunye nonyango lwawo?
• Luhlobo luni lwesiphumo endingalulindela?
• Ngaba ndisengozini yokuba nomhlaza wolusu ongakumbi?
• Kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndihlolwe kwakhona?

Musa ukoyika ukubuza le mibuzo. Ukuyiqonda kakuhle imeko yakho kuya kunceda unyango lwakho luphumelele.

Umhlaza wolusu usongela njani ubomi?

Usenokuzibuza ukuba umhlaza wesikhumba ongaphezulu kwesikhumba ungasongela njani ubomi. Kungangcono ukucinga ukuba ukukrwela nje ulusu oluncinci oluneeseli zomhlaza okanye ukususa loo ndawo ngotyando oluncinci kuya kuyisombulula ingxaki. Enyanisweni, ezi ndlela ziyasebenza ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza wolusu awufunyanwanga kwangethuba, oko ucinga ukuba "kuselukhumbeni lwam kuphela" kunokukhula nokusasazeka ngaphaya kwaloo ndawo. Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuqhekeka zihambe ngegazi lakho okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymph. Zinokuhambela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho, zihlale apho, kwaye ziqale ukukhula njengeethumba ezintsha. Olu hambo nokusasazeka kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasis .

Uhlobo lweseli yomhlaza apho umhlaza waqala khona – olubizwa ngokuba ‘ngumhlaza oyintloko’ – luchaza uhlobo lomhlaza. Umzekelo, ukuba i-melanoma enobungozi isasazeka emiphungeni yakho, loo mhlaza ubizwa ngokuba yi-melanoma enobungozi. Yiyo loo ndlela umhlaza ophezu kolusu onokuba yingozi ngayo ebomini.

Kutheni abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama befumana umhlaza wesikhumba kwiindawo ezingatshiswanga lilanga?

Izazinzulu azikaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama befumana umhlaza wesikhumba kwiindawo ezingachaphazeleki lilanga, njengeentende zezandla neenyawo zabo. Bacinga ukuba kungenxa yokuba abanakuchaphazeleka lilanga. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abanakuchaphazeleka lilanga. Iingcali zesikhumba zibona uninzi lwe-melanoma kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma, ezibangelwa kukukhanya kwelanga kwe-ultraviolet (UV), kubantu abanesikhumba esiqala kolusu olumhlophe ukuya kolumnyama.

Ngaba zonke iimpawu zokuzalwa zinomhlaza?

Hayi, uninzi lweempawu zokuzalwa azingomhlaza. Ezinye iimpawu zokuzalwa zikhona xa sizalwa. Ezinye zisenokungabonakali de sibe neminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Umntu omdala udla ngokuba neempawu zokuzalwa eziphakathi kwe-10 ne-40.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba i-mole iguquke ibe yi-melanoma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-mole ezingaphezu kwama-50, usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-melanoma.

Umhlaza wolusu unokwenzeka nakubani na. Usenokubonakala ngathi yinto encinci, engenabungozi, kodwa akunjalo. Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu azihlole rhoqo ulusu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wolusu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ulusu lwakho lelona lungu likhulu emzimbeni wakho. Lufanelwe yingqwalasela efanayo naleyo uyinikayo nakweminye imiba yezempilo. Jonga ulusu lwakho ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga ukuze ubone ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kumabala esikhumba sakho okanye ukuba kukho na amatsha avele. Thatha amanyathelo okukhusela ulusu lwakho elangeni. Kwakhona, ungalibali ukujonga ulusu lwakho ngugqirha wesikhumba rhoqo.

Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, umhlaza wolusu sisifo esinyangekayo. Ngoko ke, lumka ulusu lwakho. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

Umhlaza wolusu , i-melanoma, ukukhanya kwelanga, imisebe ye-UV, amabala olusu, iimpawu zokuzalwa, iimpawu zomhlaza