Ngaba unomhlobo okanye ilungu losapho ovuya kakhulu kwaye uchulumancile ngamanye amaxesha, aze ngequbuliso abe lusizi kwaye edandathekile ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngolunye usuku baziva ngathi banokuloyisa ihlabathi, kwaye ngolunye usuku bazive bediniwe bubomi kangangokuba abakwazi nokuvuka ebhedini? Olu hlobo lokutshintsha kweemvakalelo lunokuba sisifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder . Namhlanje sithetha ngaso, kwaye yiloo nto siyibiza ngayo.
Yintoni iBipolar Disorder?
Ngamafutshane, iBipolar Disorder sisifo sengqondo esichaphazela kakhulu isimo sengqondo somntu, amanqanaba amandla, iingcinga, kunye nokuziphatha. Ngaphambili sasibizwa ngokuba yi-'Manic Depression.' Umntu onesi sifo unokufumana amaxesha onwabe kakhulu kunye namandla (abizwa ngokuba yi-'mania') kunye namaxesha osizi olukhulu, ukuphelelwa lithemba, kunye nokudinwa (abizwa ngokuba yi-'depression').
Cinga ngayo njengololiwe. Ngesinye isihlandlo inyuka intaba, kwixesha elizayo ihla intaba. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Bipolar' (Bi - ezimbini, Polar - extreme) kuba ingqondo itshintshatshintsha phakathi kweemeko ezimbini ezigqithisileyo (iipole).
- Ukuba neMania: Eli lixesha lolonwabo olukhulu, uchulumanco, namandla. Ngeli xesha, abanye abantu banokuba nomsindo, bangxame, baze benze izigqibo ezinobungozi. Abanye basenokuqala ukukholelwa izinto ezingeyonyani (ukukhohlisa) okanye babone okanye beve izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani ( iingcinga ezingabonakaliyo ).
- I-Hypomania: Olu luhlobo lwe-mania olungephi. Apha, awufumani ziingcinga eziphosakeleyo okanye iimpawu ezinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ziphazamise ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana umsebenzi omninzi kunye nochulumanco kunesiqhelo.
- Uxinzelelo: Eli lelinye icala eligqithisileyo. Ngeli xesha, uziva ulusizi kakhulu kwaye udanile bubomi. Awunakonwabela nantoni na. Ezi mpawu zifana kakhulu nezo zomntu onesifo sokudakumba okukhulu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba, abantu abaninzi abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder bachitha ixesha elininzi beneempawu kwisigaba sokudakumba kunakwisigaba sokuxinezeleka.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zesifo se-bipolar?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zesi sifo ezichongiweyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa olu hlobo lokunyanga.
- I-Bipolar I:Kolu hlobo, iziqendu ezinzima zokudakumba ezithatha ubuncinane iveki ziyenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ziqendu ziba nzima kangangokuba kufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele. Kunye noku, iziqendu ezinzima zokudakumba ezithatha ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini nazo zinokwenzeka.
- I-Bipolar II: Kule meko, kufuneka ukuba ube ne-major depression episode kunye ne-mild hypomanic episode enye. Kodwa awukaze ube ne-severe mania episode njengakwi-Bipolar I.
- Ingxaki yeCyclothymic: Le yimeko apho iimpawu zokudakumba ezingephi kunye nokudandatheka zihlala iminyaka emibini kumntu omdala, okanye unyaka omnye kumntwana okanye umntu omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu azikho nzima njengeBipolar I okanye II.
- Ukujika ngebhayisekile ngokukhawuleza: Olu ayilohlobo oluthile. Luchaza indlela esikhula ngayo esi sifo. Ukuba uneemeko ezine okanye ngaphezulu zemood ngonyaka, lubizwa ngokuba yiRapid Cycling. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Zinokwanda okanye zinciphe nobunzima ngokuhamba kwexesha. Makhe sijonge ezi mpawu ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile.
| Iimpawu zesiganeko sokudakumba | Iimpawu zoxinzelelo |
|---|---|
| Ulonwabo olukhulu, ithemba, uchulumanco. | Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla, ukudinwa rhoqo. |
| Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka kulonwabo ukuya kumsindo nokucaphuka. | Ukuziva uphelelwe lithemba, ukuziva ungento yanto. |
| Amandla anyuswe ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nokuncipha kwesidingo sokulala. | Ukungonwabi zizinto obukade uzonwabela. |
| Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukuthetha rhoqo. | Ubunzima bokugxila, ukulibala. |
| Ukwanda okungaqhelekanga komnqweno wesondo. | Ukuthetha kancinci kakhulu. |
| Ukwenza izicwangciso ezinkulu ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zenziwe. | Ukulila okungalawulekiyo, ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo. |
| Ukungakhathali, ukwenza izigqibo ezinobungozi (umz. ukuchitha imali eninzi kakhulu). | Ukungalali okanye imfuneko yokulala kakhulu. |
| Ukwanda komkhwa wokusebenzisa utywala neziyobisi. | Utshintsho ekutyeni (ukwehla okanye ukuzuza ubunzima). |
| Ukuba nokuzithemba okugqithisileyo, imvakalelo yokuba "Ndingenza nantoni na." | Iingcinga malunga nokuphelisa ubomi bakho okanye ukuzama ukwenza njalo. |
Iimpawu kubantwana nakubantu abancinci
Ukufumanisa isifo se-bipolar ebantwaneni kunokuba nzima kuba iimpawu zabo zinokudibana nezinye iimeko, ezifana nesifo sokungakwazi ukugxila (ADHD), iingxaki zokuziphatha, okanye ukudakumba ngokubanzi. Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Kutheni kukho isifo se-bipolar?
Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto, kodwa abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukudibana kwezinto kunokubangela oku.
- Impembelelo yemfuza : Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo se-bipolar, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba naso.
- Utshintsho lweekhemikhali engqondweni: Kukholeleka ukuba ukungalingani kwee-neurotransmitters engqondweni yimbangela yoku.
- Izinto ezichaphazela okusingqongileyo:Iziganeko ezibuhlungu ngexesha lobuntwana, uxinzelelo olukhulu, okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo zinokubangela isifo okanye iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala neziyobisi nako kunokubangela iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi.
Iphathwa njani?
Isifo seBipolar sisifo esingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa sinokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo . Sifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Kufuneka silawulwe ubomi bakho bonke.
Musa ukoyika xa uxilongwa. Yinto entle leyo. Kuba oko kuthetha ukuba ungaqala unyango olufanelekileyo ngoku kwaye ulawule ubomi bakho kwakhona.
Iindlela zonyango ikakhulu zidibene neenxalenye ezininzi.
1. Amayeza
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yonyango. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba uhlobo kunye nomlinganiselo wamayeza afanelekileyo kuwe.
- Izinzisa imeko yengqondo: Amayeza afana neLithium, iValproate, iLamotrigine.
- Ii-Antipsychotics: Amayeza afana ne-Olanzapine, i-Quetiapine.
- Amayeza okudakumba: La adla ngokusetyenziswa kunye ne-mood stabilizer. Ngaphandle koko, kukho umngcipheko wokuba uxinezeleko lujike lube yi-mania.
Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
2. Unyango lwengqondo
Unyango lokuthetha lubaluleke njengamayeza.
- Unyango lwe-Interpersonal and Social Rhythm (IPSRT): Lunceda ukuzinzisa imeko ngokuqhela izinto ezifana nokulala nokutya ngexesha elinye yonke imihla.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT): Lunceda ekuchongeni iingcinga ezimbi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezingalunganga kwaye luzitshintshe zibe zezilungileyo.
- Imfundo yengqondo: Ukuzifundisa wena nosapho lwakho ngesi sifo luncedo olukhulu ekuqapheleni nasekuthatheni amanyathelo xa kuvela iimpawu.
3. Ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
- Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo olusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima ezinzima ukuzilawula ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo.
- Indlela yokuphila: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzikhwebula ngokupheleleyo kutywala nakwiziyobisi, kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo kubalulekile.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneengcinga zokuzibulala, ungaze umhoye. Mthathe ngoko nangoko uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane okanye ucele ingcebiso kugqirha wengqondo.
Ungamnceda njani umntu onesifo se-bipolar?
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okanye umhlobo wakho onayo le meko, inkxaso yakho iya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuye.
- Lumka ngesi sifo: Ukufunda eli nqaku linyathelo elihle lokufikelela kuloo nto. Wakuba usiqondile esi sifo, ungayibona indlela abaziphatha ngayo ngomonde.
- Khuthaza unyango: Bancede babone ugqirha baze bathathe amayeza abo ngokufanelekileyo.
- Yiba nomonde: Olu luhambo olude. Kuza kubakho amaxesha apho izinto ziya kuba ngcono, namaxesha apho iimpawu ziya kuvela kwakhona. Yiba nabo kuyo yonke loo nto.
- Musa ukubagweba: Musa ukuthetha izinto ezinje, "Oko bubuthathaka bengqondo." Qonda ukuba le yimeko efuna unyango, njengokugula komzimba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seBipolar asisosifo sengqondo okanye isiphene sobuntu. Sisifo esifuna unyango, njengesifo seswekile.
- Musa ukucinga ukuba wedwa onesi sifo. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela ziphila ngempumelelo nale meko.
- Ngamayeza afanelekileyo, unyango lwengqondo, kunye nenkxaso evela kusapho lwakho, ungayilawula kakuhle le meko kwaye uphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezi mpawu, nceda ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Okukhona unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho kwaye uqhubeke nonyango.
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