Xa ucinga ngegazi, kufika ulwelo olubomvu engqondweni, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha segazi lakho lulwelo olutyheli? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiplasma. Ifana nomlambo wobomi emizimbeni yethu. Yonke into esiyidingayo emizimbeni yethu ihamba kulo mlambo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngolu lwelo lumangalisayo, iplasma, ngamazwi alula.
Yintoni kanye kanye iPlasma?
Ngamafutshane, iplasma yinxalenye yolwelo egazini lakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, yenza i-55%, okanye ngaphezulu kancinci kwesiqingatha, somthamo wegazi lakho lilonke. Zonke iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets ozivileyo zihambahamba kule plasma, zithwala umzimba wakho wonke.
Cinga ngayo njengesaladi yeziqhamo. Iziqwenga zeziqhamo ziiseli zegazi ezibomvu nezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets. Ijeli exutywe yonke ifana neplasma.
Le plasma ngamanzi angama-92%. I-7% eseleyo ziiproteni (ezifana nee-antibodies, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, i-albumin, i-fibrinogen). Enye i-1% zizinto ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu, ezinje ngeehomoni, iivithamini, iityuwa, kunye nee-enzymes.
Kutheni i-plasma ibaluleke kangaka emzimbeni wethu?
I-plasma ayisiyonto incinci nje yamanzi. Yenza umsebenzi omninzi emizimbeni yethu. Cinga nge-plasma njengomlambo. Ezinye iiseli zegazi zifana neenqanawa ezihamba kuloo mlambo. Ukuba inqanaba lamanzi emlanjeni liyancipha, iinqanawa azinakuhamba, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Ngaphandle kwe-plasma, igazi lethu alinakuhamba.
Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eyenziwa yiplasma emizimbeni yethu.
| Umsebenzi weplasma | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isondlo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweoksijini | Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinceda ekuthwaleni ioksijini ukuya emiphungeni. Zikwasebenza 'njengenkonzo yokuhambisa' ethwala izondlo, iihomoni, kunye neevithamini kuwo onke amalungu omzimba. |
| Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwegazi | Inceda ukugcina uxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuze igazi lijikeleze kakuhle, ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe. |
| Ukunceda amajoni omzimba | Iplasma ithwala iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nee-antibodies ezilwa neentsholongwane emzimbeni wonke. |
| Ukuqunjelwa kwegazi kunye nokuphiliswa | Xa usika ingalo yakho, iplasma ithwala iiproteni ezinceda ekumiseni ukopha kwaye zincede inxeba liphole. |
| Ukususwa kwenkunkuma | Ziqokelela inkunkuma eveliswa emzimbeni zize ziyithuthele ezintsoni nasesibindini, apho ikhutshwa khona emzimbeni. |
| Ulawulo lobushushu bomzimba | Inceda ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba bukwinqanaba elifanayo, ithintela ukuba bunganyuki okanye buwe kakhulu. |
Yenziwa njani iplasma kwaye inombala onjani?
I-plasma ayisiyonto eveliswa kwindawo enye. Yenziwa kukudibana kwee-electrolytes, eziyityuwa esizifunxayo kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya emanzini esiwaselayo nokutya esikutyayo. Kodwa iiproteni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezongezwa kuyo zivela kwiindawo ezithile emzimbeni wethu.
- Ummongo wethambo
- Iiseli zegazi ezindala nezifayo
- Isibindi
- Ispleen
Xa ezi proteni zidibana nolo lwelo, kwakheka iplasma epheleleyo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zisuswa egazini, iplasma iba nombala otyheli okhanyayo, njengotshani. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esithile, lo mbala unokutshintsha. Umzekelo, ukuba unesifo apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zaphukileyo (i-hemolysis), iplasma isenokuba pinki. Ukuba unesifo sesibindi, esibangela i-jaundice, iplasma inokuba luhlaza okanye mdaka.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeeproteni kwi-plasma
Sithe i-plasma ineeproteni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ezi zezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
| Iiproteni | Kwenziwe ntoni |
|---|---|
| I-Albumin | Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina ubungakanani bamanzi kwiiseli nakwiplasma bulingana. Oku kuthintela iplasma ekuphumeni kwimithambo yegazi. |
| I-Fibrinogen | Le yiproteni ephambili enceda ekumiseni ukopha ngokwenza amahlwili egazi xa kukho ukwenzakala. Ikwanceda inxeba ukuba liphole. |
| IiGlobulins | Ezi zezona zinto zenza ii-antibodies. Ezi ziiproteni ezinceda ekulweni neentsholongwane kwaye zisikhusele kwizifo. |
Izifo kunye neempawu ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-plasma
Ukuba kukho ukungalingani okanye isiphene kwi-plasma, izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka.
Ezinye iimeko zonyango:
- Izifo ezibangelwa ziingxaki zokusebenza kweeproteni, umzekelo `(Amyloidosis)`.
- Izifo ezibangela iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi, umzekelo `(Hemophilia)` kunye `(isifo sikaVon Willebrand)`.
- Izifo ezinciphisa amajoni omzimba (ukungabikho kweeproteni zokuzikhusela egazini).
- I-Myeloma ngumhlaza ochaphazela umongo wethambo.
Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu ze:
Ukuba uqhubeka unazo ezi zinto, kungcono ukubona ugqirha.
- Nokuba ukwenzakala okuncinci kunokubangela ukudumba okukhulu okanye ukopha nje okuncinci.
- Intlungu yamathambo.
- Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo ibetha ngendlela engaqhelekanga (ukubetha kwentliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba).
- Ukugula rhoqo, oko kuthetha ukuba ufumana usulelo ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.
Ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onesifo esinxulumene ne-plasma, kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto uze ufumane ingcebiso kugqirha.
Ukunikela ngeplasma kunokusindisa ubomi
Njengokunikela ngegazi, unganikela ngeplasma kuphela. Oku kunokusindisa ubomi bezigulane ezininzi.
1. Ukunikela ngegazi rhoqo:Xa unikela ngegazi, iplasma inokwahlulwa kuyo kamva kwilebhu.
2. Ukunikela ngeplasma kuphela: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo ukuthatha igazi lakho, ukwahlukanisa iplasma kuphela, kunye nokufaka iiseli ezibomvu nezimhlophe ezisele emzimbeni wakho. Le ndlela ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Plasmapheresis".
Iplasma enikelweyo isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukutsha, iingozi ezinkulu, izigulana ezinomhlaza, izigulana ezibuthathaka kumasosha omzimba, kunye nezinye izigulana ezininzi. Iplasma evela kubantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-AB ixabiseke kakhulu kuba ayinazo ii-antibodies kwaye inokunikwa abantu balo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Kodwa nokuba loluphi na uhlobo lwegazi lakho, usenokunceda ngokunikela ngeplasma.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-plasma yinxalenye yolwelo olumthubi egazini lakho. Ifana 'nomlambo wobomi' othwala izondlo, iihomoni kunye neeseli emizimbeni yethu yonke.
- Nangona ingaphezulu kwe-90% yamanzi, izele ziiproteni, iivithamini, kunye neeminerali ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni.
- Ukuba ujika ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuba unesifo esincinci, okanye ukuba uhlala ugula, yiqwalasele loo nto uze uthethe nogqirha wakho.
- Uvavanyo olulula, olufana nokubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo rhoqo (i-CBC), lunokubonelela ngeenkcukacha malunga neengxaki ezinxulumene ne-plasma.
- Nawe unokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi bomntu ngokunikela ngeplasma.
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