Ngaba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olukhoyo eluswini lwakho? Masifunde ngeSquamous Cell Carcinoma!

Ngaba wakha wakhathazeka ngeqhubu elitsha, isilonda esingapholiyo, okanye ibala elibomvu nelinamaxolo eluswini lwakho? Mhlawumbi awucingi kangako ngalo. Kodwa, olu tshintsho lolusu ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolunye uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell carcinoma, okanye i-SCC.

Yintoni i-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba yintoni i-squamous cell carcinoma. Ngamafutshane, luhlobo lomhlaza wesikhumba. Luqala kumaleko angaphandle kwesikhumba sethu, i-epidermis, ebizwa ngokuba zii-squamous cells. Ngokuchanekileyo, luhlobo lwesibini oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesikhumba. Olokuqala yi-basal cell carcinoma.

Ixesha elininzi, ezi cancer ze squamous cell zikhula kwiindawo zomzimba wethu ezichatshazelwa kakhulu lilanga. Cinga ngeendawo ezifana nentloko yakho, iingalo, kunye nemilenze. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi cancer zikhula nakwiindawo zomzimba apho kukho ii-mucous membranes. Oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezifana nangaphakathi komlomo, imiphunga, kunye ne-rectum.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-squamous cell carcinoma, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ikuphi emzimbeni kwaye isasazeke kangakanani.

• Isikhumba: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokuba kwindawo ethile (kumaleko ophezulu wolusu) okanye lunokusasazeka ngaphaya komaleko ophezulu wolusu.
• I-Metastatic: Oku kwenzeka xa umhlaza usasazeka ngaphaya kolusu uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-squamous cell carcinoma?

Nabani na unokuba nalo mhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci. Jonga ukuba ezi nyaniso ziyasebenza na kuwe:

• Ukuba ulusu lwakho lonakele ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga ixesha elide ukususela ebuntwaneni okanye ngenxa yokonakala lilanga.
• Ukuba unesikhumba esikhanyayo, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye aluhlaza, kunye neenwele ezimhlophe okanye ezibomvu.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka (umzekelo, umntu okhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba).
• Ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka ziikhemikhali ezithile (umz. umsi wecuba, i-arsenic).

Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana lo mhlaza kunabasetyhini. Nangona uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50, ukwanda kwale ntsholongwane kuye kwanda kutshanje kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50.

Kubikwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi eMelika kuphela banesifo se-squamous cell carcinoma minyaka le. Kuthiwa kwakhona inani labantu abaphethwe sesi sifo linyuke ngama-200% kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini iimpawu ze-squamous cell carcinoma? Uyibona njani?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olunjalo eluswini lwakho, qaphela. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-squamous cell carcinoma:

• Iqhuma elirhabaxa, eliphakanyisiweyo okanye ukukhula eluswini. Oku kunokugquma kwaye kuphume igazi .
• Iqhuma eliphakanyiswe ngaphezu kolusu olujikelezileyo kwaye libonakala ngathi lixineneyo embindini.
• Inxeba elingapholiyo okanye inxeba eliphola lize liphinde livele.
• Ibala elibomvu elithe tyaba, elirhabaxa, eluswini elinokuba yi-intshi enye (malunga neesentimitha eziyi-2.5) okanye ngaphezulu .

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu ezinokukuchaza oku?

Kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukuba isenokuba ngumhlaza we-squamous cell:

• Iqhuma okanye ukukhula eluswini. Isenokuba yomile, iyarhawuzelela , inezikhwekhwe, okanye umbala owahlukileyo kunolusu olujikelezileyo. Le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-``Actinic Keratosis```.
• Ukuba unesilonda emlonyeni wakho ongezantsi, ulusu lwakho lutshintshile umbala, lomile, kwaye luqhekekile . Kungavakala ngathi kukutsha xa uphuma elangeni. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Cheilitis)`.
• Ukuba unamabala amhlophe okanye anombala omdaka emlonyeni wakho, elulwimini lwakho, kwiintsini, okanye ezidleleni , le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Leukoplakia".

Kuphi emzimbeni apho lo mhlaza udla ngokuvela khona?

Nangona i-squamous cell carcinoma inokukhula naphi na emzimbeni, ifumaneka kakhulu kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Elusu
• Umlomo, ulwimi kunye nomqala (okwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Oral Carcinoma")
• Ubuso, imilebe, impumlo, iindlebe, iinkophe, kunye nokhakhayi
• I-Esophageal Carcinoma (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Esophageal Carcinoma okanye i-Epidermoid Carcinoma)
• Izandla, imilenze
• Indawo yerectal

Kutheni le nto ikhula le squamous cell carcinoma? Yintoni imbangela?

Eyona nto ibangela lo mhlaza kukuguquka kwejini ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(p53 gene)` kwiiseli zethu. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuguquka kwejini ye-`(p53 gene)` kukuvezwa kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (imitha ye-UV) evela elangeni kunye neendlela zokwenziwa ezifana ne-`(iibhedi zokukhanya kwelanga)` eziveza ulusu kwimitha ye-UV.

Ngamafutshane, le `(i-p53 gene)` yiyo elawula ukwahlukana kweeseli zethu kunye nokwakheka kweeseli ezintsha. Oku kufana nomhlaza.Kufana nomthinteli wethumba. Ngoko ke, xa le jini iguquguquka, iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana kakhulu ngaphandle kokulawula. Kulapho ke izinto ezifana neethumba ezinomhlaza kunye neethumba zenzeka khona.

Ngaba lo mhlaza uza kusasazeka emzimbeni wonke?

I-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza wolusu olungaqhelekanga ukusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Nokuba kwenzeka oko, luhamba kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, lunokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba alunyangwa. Ngoko ke ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho eluswini lwakho, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ufunyaniswa njani lo mhlaza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala ahlole indawo apho iimpawu zakho zikhoyo. Oku kuthetha ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nendawo yeqhubu okanye isilonda. Ukongeza, baza kubuza imibuzo ukuze bafunde ngakumbi ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu. Umzekelo:

• "Uqale nini ukuqaphela eli qhuma/inxeba?"
• "Ingaba ubungakanani bale nto butshintshile emva kokuba uyibonile okokuqala?"
• "Ingaba oku kubuhlungu? Ingaba kuyarhawuzelela?"

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqinisekisa oku?

Emva kovavanyo lwezonyango, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• I-biopsy yolusu: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo echaphazelekayo size silihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso (umz., i-CT scan okanye i-MRI): Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukubona ubungakanani bomhlaza phantsi kolusu nokuba usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ingakumbi ii-lymph nodes.

Zithini izigaba ze-squamous cell carcinoma?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika inqanaba lesi sifo ukuze afumanise ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Eli nqanaba liza kuqinisekisa ukuba lolona nyango lufanelekileyo kuwe. Kukho izigaba ezintlanu eziphambili ze-squamous cell carcinoma:

• Inqanaba 0: Umhlaza ukwindawo ephezulu yolusu (i-epidermis). Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-Squamous cell carcinoma in situ.
• Inqanaba loku-1 (1): Umhlaza ukwiindawo eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba (i-Epidermis kunye ne-Dermis).
• Inqanaba lesiBini (2): Umhlaza ukwiindawo eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba kwaye usasazeke waya kwimithambo-luvo okanye kwiindawo ezinzulu zesikhumba (i-Epidermis, i-Dermis kunye ne-Subcutis).
• Inqanaba lesi-3 (3): Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kolusu ukuya kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 (4): Umhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba kunye namalungu afana nesibindi, imiphunga, kunye nengqondo.

Inyangwa njani i-squamous cell carcinoma?

Injongo ephambili yonyango kukususa umhlaza emzimbeni. Uhlobo lonyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu, imilo, kunye nendawo yomhlaza. Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:

• Utyando lweCryosurgery: Ukuqandisa nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwePhotodynamic (PDT):Umhlaza ususwa eluswini kusetyenziswa izinto ezithintela ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukucoca kunye nokucoca nge-Electrodesiccation: Iqhubu elinomhlaza likhuhlwa ngesixhobo esifana necephe esibizwa ngokuba yi-curette size sitshiswe ngombane.
• Ukususwa kwesikhumba: Kwenziwa utyando lokususa umhlaza eluswini, emva koko kuthungwe ulusu kwakhona.
• Utyando lweMohs: Oku kuquka ukususa iileya zolusu oluchaphazelekileyo ngumhlaza. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kumhlaza owenzeka ebusweni.
• I-Systemic Chemotherapy: Kunikwa amayeza anamandla okutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni.

Ziziphi iintlobo zamayeza anikwa lo mhlaza?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kancinci, okanye ukuba utyando lokususa umhlaza alulo khetho lulungileyo kuwe, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza.

• Iikrimu zesikhumba eziqulethe ``Imiquimod`` okanye ``5-Fluorouracil`` zisetyenziselwa i-squamous cell carcinoma kumaleko ongaphezulu wesikhumba (i-epidermis).
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy olubizwa ngokuba yi-``Cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo®)`` lunikwa ii-carcinomas ze-squamous cell eziphucukileyo.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy olubizwa ngokuba yi-``Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®)`` lunikwa ii-squamous cell carcinomas ezingenakunyangeka ngotyando.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwezi ndlela zonyango?

Isiphumo esiqhelekileyo esingalindelekanga kukutshintsha kwendlela olubonakala ngayo ulusu emva kokususwa komhlaza, njengokuqhekeka kwamanxeba.

Ukuba usebenzisa i-immunotherapy, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo emibi yaloo mayeza.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze umzimba wakho uphiliswe emva konyango liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu, imilo, kunye nendawo yomhlaza. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu luyaphola kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva konyango ukuze kususwe umhlaza. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva konyango, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho uphola ngokufanelekileyo kwaye unyango luyasebenza.

Oku kukhusela njani kumhlaza weeseli ezirhabaxa?

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-squamous cell, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Kuphephe ukuba selangeni kakhulu.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iibhedi zokutshisa ilanga.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga, iminqwazi, kunye nempahla ekhuselweyo yi-UPF xa ungaphandle. Kwakhona, sebenzisa i-sunscreen.
• Yeka ukutshaya.
• Kuphephe ukudibana neekhemikhali ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha eluswini lwakho, iqhuma, okanye inxeba elingapholiyo, okanye ukuba unamathandabuzo ngalo, bona ugqirha okanye ugqirha wesikhumba ngokukhawuleza.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-squamous cell carcinoma?

Inkoliso, i-squamous cell carcinomaUkuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, kukho ingqikelelo elungileyo kunye nethuba eliphezulu lokusinda. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kunokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungakhuli kwaye wonakalise amanye amalungu omzimba.

Nokuba ugqirha wakho angawususa umhlaza wakho, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba uza kubuya kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke hlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunayo kwaphela i-cancer. Kubalulekile nokukhusela ulusu lwakho kwimitha ye-UV xa uphuma ngaphandle.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kwimeko enjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha:

• Ukuba ubona into eluswini lwakho, njengeqhubu elitsha, uphawu lokuzalwa, inxeba elingapholiyo, okanye utshintsho kwindawo ebelikhona ixesha elide .
• Ukuba ufuna ukuxilongwa ulusu lwakho rhoqo ngonyaka ngugqirha wesikhumba.
• Ukuba kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki ezifana nentlungu, ukopha, okanye ukurhawuzelela okunxulumene nonyango lomhlaza weeseli ezirhabaxa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• "Leliphi inqanaba le-squamous cell carcinoma endinayo?"
• "Ngaba ndifuna utyando ukuze ndisuse umhlaza emzimbeni wam?"
• "Ndingabonana nogqirha wesikhumba?"
• "Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?"

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kunye ne-basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?

I-Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) kunye ne-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) zombini ziintlobo zomhlaza wesikhumba. Zombini zibangelwa kukuvezwa kakhulu lilanga (imitha ye-ultraviolet). Zombini ezi meko zibangelwa kukuveliswa kakhulu kwee-squamous cells okanye ii-basal cells. I-Squamous cell carcinoma, njenge-basal cell carcinoma, inokukhula kwi-epidermis yesikhumba. Nangona kunjalo, i-SCC yahlukile kuba inokukhula nakwiindawo apho kukho ii-mucous membranes, njengangaphakathi emlonyeni, emqaleni, emaphaphu, nakwizitho zangasese.

Yintoni 'i-squamous cell carcinoma in situ'?

I-Squamous cell carcinoma in situ ikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaBowen . Igama elithi "in situ" lithetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikwindawo ephezulu yolusu (i-epidermis). Isifo sikaBowen sifumaneka kakhulu kulusu oluvezwe lilanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha sinokukhula kulusu olujikeleze i-anus kunye namalungu esini, umzekelo, kwi-labia okanye kwi-vulva (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-vulvar cancer).

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa ubona iqhuma elitsha eluswini lwakho uze ufumanise ukuba ngumhlaza walo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwe-squamous cell carcinoma lunokususa ngempumelelo umhlaza emzimbeni wakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwimitha yelanga ye-UV. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iiqhuma ezintsha okanye utshintsho eluswini lwakho, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ubone ugqirha, mhlole, kwaye ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

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