Amalungu osapho lwakho asenokuba akuxelele athi, "Amehlo akho afana nakayihlo," kwaye "Uncumo lwakho lufana nolukanyoko." Sibiza inkangeleko yethu, iimpawu zethu, kunye nezinto esizifumana kwiijini zikamama notata wethu. Ezi jini zizuzwe njengelifa kubazali bethu. Kodwa eli bali lejini linzulu kakhulu kwaye liyamangalisa kunokuba sicinga. Namhlanje sithetha ngesahluko samva nje kuloo bali linzulu, eliyi-genomic medicine . Le yiteknoloji entsha eza kwenza umahluko omkhulu kwicandelo lezonyango.
Yintoni iGenomic Medicine?
Ngamafutshane, unyango lwemfuza luphando lokuba zonke iijini emzimbeni womntu zisebenza njani kunye ukuze zichaphazele umzimba. Cinga ngale ndlela. Awunakufumana umbono wendlu yonke kwisitena esinye. Kodwa ukuba ujonga uyilo olupheleleyo lwendlu, ungayiqonda yonke into malunga nokuba indlu injani, apho amagumbi akhoyo, kunye nendlela iingcango neefestile ezikhona ngayo. Ngendlela efanayo, ijini enye ifana neso sitena. Kodwa ingqokelela yazo zonke iijini emzimbeni wakho (iGenome) ifana noyilo olupheleleyo lwaloo ndlu. Ngaphakathi kwesi sicwangciso, kukho iseti epheleleyo yemiyalelo yokuba umzimba wakho uza kukhula kwaye uphuhle njani. Le miyalelo ibhalwe kwiimolekyuli ezibizwa ngokuba yiDNA .
Nangona eli candelo litsha, liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Isizathu esiphambili soku yayiyiHuman Genome Project , eyagqitywa ngo-2003. Yayiyinkqubo enkulu eyayidibanisa izazinzulu ezivela kwihlabathi liphela. Injongo yayo yayikukuchonga zonke iijini emzimbeni womntu, ukuzidweba, nokuqonda umsebenzi wazo. Kulapho izazinzulu zafumanisa khona ukuba kukho iijini ezingama-20,500 emizimbeni yethu.
Besebenzisa olu lwazi, oogqirha ngoku banokubona ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zizifo ezithile, ezifana nomhlaza kunye nezifo ezingaqhelekanga ezichaphazela abantwana abancinci. Le teknoloji iya kunceda nakwixesha elizayo ukukhetha unyango olusebenzayo kwisigulana.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweGenetics kunye neGenomics?
Nangona la magama mabini ngamanye amaxesha evakala ngendlela efanayo, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwawo omabini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lo mahluko.
I-geneticsI-Genetics luphando lwe-genes nganye. I-Genomics luphando lwenkqubo ye-genetic, oko kukuthi, indlela zonke ii-genes ezisebenzisana ngayo.
Umzekelo, usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba utshintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo lunokubangela izifo. Abantu abane- BRCA gene mutation basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele kunye ne-ovarian kunomntu oqhelekileyo. Ukuba uneengxaki, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo lwegazi olujonga loo gene. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-genetics.
Kodwa i-genomics ibanzi kakhulu kunale. Ibandakanya ukumapha ulandelelwano lwe-DNA yazo zonke ii-genes emzimbeni wakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -genomic sequencing . Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi onzima, ixabiso lalo ngoku liye lehla kakhulu ngokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji entsha.
Lo mahluko ungachazwa ngakumbi kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uphawu | I-genetics | I-Genomics |
|---|---|---|
| Naka u | Malunga nejini enye okanye iijini ezininzi | Malunga nazo zonke iijini (iiGenome) zomntu |
| Isikali | I-scope encinci | Ibanzi kakhulu (Ububanzi obubanzi) |
| Injongo ephambili | Ukufumana unxibelelwano phakathi kwezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa kunye ne-genes nganye | Ukufunda ubudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwezifo, okusingqongileyo kunye ne-genes |
| Umzekelo | Uvavanyo lwe-BRCA lwe-gene lomngcipheko womhlaza webele | Uvavanyo lwe-genome epheleleyo yesifo esingaziwayo |
Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwam lwemfuza (iGenome Sequencing)?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Sele kukho iindawo kwihlabathi liphela apho olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokwenziwa khona. Kodwa ngaba le yinto efunekayo ngumntu wonke?
Ngenxa yemeko yangoku, olu vavanyo luluncedo kakhulu kwiimeko ezimbalwa ezithile.
- Abantwana abaneengxaki zempilo ezinzima ukuzifumanisa: Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zempilo zokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukulibaziseka kokukhula, okanye ukuxhuzula rhoqo. Xa unobangela ungafumaneki ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, ulandelelwano lwe-genomic lunokukwazi ukufumana unobangela. Nje ukuba unobangela uchongiwe, unyango lunokutshintshwa.
- Abanye abaguli abanomhlaza: Kwizigulane ezineemhlaza ezithile, ingakumbi umhlaza wegazi, olu vavanyo lunokubanceda bakhethe unyango olufanelekileyo nolusebenzayo kubo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "ngunyango oluchanekileyo." Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokunika wonke umntu amayeza afanayo, siyila unyango oluhambelana nejini zakho.
Ukuba unomhlaza, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngolu hlobo lovavanyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, ulwazi oluvela kolu vavanyo lunokukunceda ukhokele unyango lwakho okanye lukuncede uqonde ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sakho.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zolu vavanyo lwemfuza?
Le teknoloji inomdla kakhulu kwaye inesithembiso esikhulu. Kodwa njengamacala omabini eengqekembe zemali, inezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zayo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
| Iingcali | Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ukwazi iingozi zesifo sakho: Ukuba uyazi ukuba unesifo sentliziyo esibangelwa zimfuza, ungamkela indlela yokuphila enciphisa umngcipheko wakho. | Iziphumo ezingaphelelanga: Ngenxa yokuba izazinzulu azikayiqondi indima yezakhi zofuzo ezininzi, uvavanyo lwakho lunokufumana utshintsho olungaziwayo. |
| Unyango oluthile: Ukunceda ekukhetheni unyango olusebenzayo nolwenzelwe wena ngokweemfuno zezifo ezinje ngomhlaza. | Uxinzelelo: Ukwazi ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo esingenakunyangeka kunokubangela ixhala okanye uxinezeleko olukhulu. |
| Ukuxilongwa kwesifo esingafunyaniswanga: Ukukwazi ukufumana unobangela othile weengxaki zempilo ebezingaziwa ixesha elide. | Imiba yobumfihlo: Ufanele ucinge ngokuba lonke ulwazi lwakho lwemfuza lugcinwe yinkampani yabucala. Ufanele ukhathazeke ngokhuseleko lwedatha. |
Ukuba ucinga ngovavanyo olunjalo, kufuneka ucinge nangokuba kukho uxinzelelo oluvela kulwazi olulunikayo. Nangona abanye abantu bengathanda ukwazi ikamva labo kwangaphambili, abanye basenokungakwazi ukulithwala. Kwakhona, cinga kabini ngokunika inkampani yabucala ulwazi lwakho oluyimfihlo kakhulu. Funda kwaye uqonde imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yokukhusela idatha ngononophelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lwe-genomic alukho malunga ne-gene enye, kodwa malunga nendlela zonke ii-genes emzimbeni wakho ezisebenzisana ngayo .
- Eli licandelo elitsha kwezonyango. Linamandla amakhulu okuxilonga izifo ezingaqhelekanga ekunzima ukuzixilonga, kwaye linike amayeza alungiselelwe abantu abanomhlaza.
- Olu ayilovavanyo oluqhelekileyo ekufuneka wonke umntu alwenze ngeli xesha. Okwangoku luluncedo kakhulu kubantu abaneemfuno ezithile zonyango.
- Nangona olu vavanyo lunokuba neenzuzo, lunokubangela nemiphumo emibi ngokubhekiselele kuxinzelelo kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha yobuqu.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Ukuba ucinga ngokwenza olu hlobo lovavanyo, musa ukwenza naziphi na izigqibo ngokwakho. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho kuqala uze ufumane icebiso lakhe.
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