Sonke sivile nge-"IQ," akunjalo? Xa sithetha ngobukrelekrele bomntu, sivile abantu besithi, "IQ yakhe iphezulu kakhulu." Ngamanye amaxesha, abanye abantu bade bazame ukufumanisa ngokuthatha imibuzo emincinci kwi-intanethi baze babuze, "Yintoni i-IQ yam?" Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye le IQ test? Ngaba ingalinganisa ubukrelekrele bethu? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha nzulu kancinci, kwaye ngokulula, malunga nebali elingasemva kwayo kunye neengxoxo ezijikeleze yona.
Yintoni le IQ?
Ngamafutshane, i-IQ sisifinyezo samagama esiNgesi athi 'Intelligence Quotient'. Ilinganisa indlela umntu akwazi ngayo ukuqiqa, ukusebenzisa ulwazi, nokusebenzisa ingqiqo xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantu abaneminyaka yabo.
Yaqala ukuphuhliswa ngo-1904 yingcali yezengqondo egama linguAlfred Binet. Wayekholelwa ukuba ubukrelekrele, nangona bubukrelekrele obuqhelekileyo, abuyonto inye, kodwa buyindibaniselwano yezakhono ezahlukeneyo kwaye bubunjwa kakhulu yindawo esikuyo. Waqala ngokuphuhlisa olu vavanyo ukulinganisa ubukrelekrele babantwana besikolo eFransi nokunceda ootitshala batshintshe iindlela zabo zokufundisa ukunceda abo bantwana. Jonga indlela ebaluleke ngayo loo nto!
Icala elimnyama lovavanyo lwe-IQ
Kodwa xa ingcamango yovavanyo lwe -IQ yafika eMelika, ibali latshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abaphandi, njengoBinay, babecinga ukuba ubukrelekrele yinto esiyifundileyo nesiyifumene kwindawo esikuyo. Kodwa abanye bathi, "Hayi, ubukrelekrele yinto evela kwiijini zethu, oko kukuthi, bubuchule obuzuzwa njengelifa."
Abo babekholelwa koku ngabo bathatha ezi mvavanyo ze-IQ baza bazisebenzisa ukuxhasa ingcamango eyingozi kakhulu ngelo xesha eyayibizwa ngokuba yi -'eugenics' . Oko kukuthi, ukugcina kuphela abo "banezakhi zofuzo ezilungileyo" eluntwini kunye nokususa abo babecinga ukuba "banezakhi zofuzo ezimbi". Ngenxa yale ngcamango, amawaka abantu kwizibhedlele zengqondo, kwiindawo zokugcina abantu, nakwiintolongo baphathwa ngotyando lokubulala inzala ngaphandle kwentando yabo. Elo libala elimnyama ngokwenene kwimbali yezi mvavanyo. Ezi zinto zenziwa ngeenjongo zobuhlanga, kunye nezinye izizathu zentlalo.
Le mbali imbi isikhumbuza indlela enokubangelwa yintshabalalo engakanani na isixhobo sesayensi xa siwela ezandleni ezingalunganga.
Ngaba amanqaku e-IQ ayanda ngokuhamba kwexesha? (Isiphumo seFlynn)
Njengoko uphando lwe-IQ luqhubeka, isayensi yaqala ukuvumelana kwakhona nengcamango yokuqala kaBinet: oko kukuthi,Ubukrelekrele abuyonto ivela kwizakhi zofuzo zodwa, yinto esiyifundayo nesiyidibanisa ngeendlela ezininzi.
Ngo-1984, umphandi ogama linguJames Flynn wafumana into emangalisayo. Oko kukuthi, amanqaku aphakathi e-IQ yabantu kwihlabathi liphela aye esanda ngokuthe chu kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Flynn Effect'. Uthe kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku:
- Ukufumana imfundo engcono: Ukufumana iindlela zemfundo ezingcono kunye namathuba angcono kunangaphambili.
- Ukufikelela lula kulwazi: Ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-intanethi , naluphi na ulwazi lunokufikelelwa ngoko nangoko.
- Zibandakanye kwimisebenzi evuselela ingcinga rhoqo: Iingqondo zethu zihlala zijongene nomngeni wokusombulula iingxaki ezinzima kuluntu lwanamhlanje.
- Impilo engcono kunye nesondlo: Ukutya okunempilo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo kuchaphazela ngqo uphuhliso lobuchopho.
Oku kusinceda siqonde ukuba ubukrelekrele bethu abuyonto imileyo, kodwa yinto ephuhliswa yindlela esiphila ngayo , imfundo, kunye nokutya.
Ingaba ubukrelekrele yinto enye nje?
Hayi. Namhlanje, iingcali zengqondo zikholelwa ukuba ubukrelekrele yinto enamacala amaninzi ahlukeneyo.
Khawucinge nje, abanye abantu banezakhono ezimangalisayo kwizibalo. Omnye umntu unezakhono ezimangalisayo zokudlala isixhobo somculo. Omnye umntu unobuchule kakhulu kwezemidlalo. Omnye umntu unezakhono ezimangalisayo zokuqonda iingqondo zabanye nokujongana nazo. Zonke ezi ziinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobukrelekrele.
- Ingcali yezengqondo uHoward Gardner uthe ukongeza kwizakhono zolwimi nezezibalo, kukho malunga neentlobo ezisi-8 ezahlukeneyo zobukrelekrele, ezinje ngomculo, umzimba, kunye noluntu.
- Ingcali yezengqondo uRobert Sternberg ucebise ukuba ubukrelekrele bunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezintathu: uhlalutyo, ubuchule, kunye nokusebenza. Ngokutsho kwakhe, obu buchule busebenzayo, okanye "ulwazi lwehlabathi" okanye "ingqiqo eqhelekileyo," abunakulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-IQ. Nangona kunjalo, obu buchule busebenzayo bubaluleke ngaphezu kwamanqaku e-IQ esiqhelo ekulinganiseni impumelelo yomntu emsebenzini.
Iintlobo zeemvavanyo ze-IQ kunye nendlela yokuzenza
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemvavanyo ze-IQ. Uvavanyo oluthathayo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, inkcubeko yakho, kunye nenjongo yovavanyo. Ezinye zenzelwe abantwana ngokukodwa, ngelixa ezinye zenzelwe abantu abadala. Ezinye iindawo zomsebenzi zide zenze olo vavanyo ukuze ziqonde indlela abasebenzi abacinga ngayo.
Ngokwenyani, ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa iinkalo ezimbini zobukrelekrele. Masiqonde oku ngetafile.
| Uhlobo lobukrelekrele | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ubukrelekrele obuKhanyisiweyo | Olu lulwazi, izakhono, kunye nesigama osifundileyo ebomini bakho bonke. Umzekelo, ukuphendula imibuzo yolwazi ngokubanzi. |
| Ubukrelekrele boLwelo | Oku kuthetha ukukwazi ukucinga ngendlela enengqondo, ukuqaphela iipatheni, nokufumana isisombululo kwingxaki entsha xa iziswa. Ulwazi lwangaphambili alubalulekanga koku. |
Ukuba ufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-IQ, ungakwenza oko phantsi kwesikhokelo sengcali yezengqondo efanelekileyo. Uvavanyo olukwi-intanethi ludla ngokuba lololonwabo nje kwaye aluniki ziphumo zichanekileyo ngokwesayensi. Lala kakuhle ebusuku kwaye utye isidlo sakusasa esimnandi ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ngaphandle koko, akukho nto ingako onokuyilungiselela.
Zichaneke kangakanani ngokwenene ezi mvavanyo ze-IQ?
Sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 ukususela oko kwaveliswa uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-IQ, kodwa kusekho ingxoxo eninzi malunga nokuchaneka kwayo kunye nokuba luncedo kwayo. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa njengesixhobo sokufundisa abantwana, kodwa kamva yasetyenziswa ekuphawuleni abantu.
KwanoFlynn wagqiba ngelithi: “Uvavanyo lwe-IQ alulinganisi ubukrelekrele ngokwalo, kodwa luyinto enxulumene kancinci nobukrelekrele.” Khawuthelekelele, ukuba ubukrelekrele buyindibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi, ezinje ngomculo, ezemidlalo, ubuchule, kunye nokuqonda abanye, uvavanyo olunye lunokulinganisa njani bonke obo bulumko?
Kodwa i-American Psychological Association ithi uvavanyo lwe-IQ alufanele lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kufunyanwe iindlela zokuzisebenzisa ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okufunda abantu, endaweni yokuzenza zibe ngumqobo.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokufunda, uvavanyo olufana nolu lunokwenziwa ngugqirha okanye yingcali yezengqondo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.Ingasetyenziswa kunye nesikhokelo. Injongo asikokubiza umntwana ngamagama, kodwa kukuqonda amandla nobuthathaka bomntwana nokumnceda.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-IQ ayilonani elibhalwe ebunzini lakho elingenakutshintshwa. Lingatshintsha ngemfundo yakho, ukutya okunempilo, kunye namava obomi bakho.
- Uvavanyo lwe-IQ lulinganisa kuphela ezinye iinkalo zobukrelekrele bakho. Alulinganisi izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, njengobuchule bakho, ingqiqo eqhelekileyo, ubuchule bobugcisa, kunye novelwano.
- Musa ukucinga kakhulu ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwe-IQ olukwi-intanethi. Zisenokuba zezokuzonwabisa kwaye azinasiseko sesayensi.
- Ungaze ulinganise ixabiso lakho okanye lomntwana wakho ngomgangatho omnye. Wonke umntu uneziphiwo zakhe kunye nezakhono zakhe ezizodwa.
- Ukuba ukhathazekile ngayo nayiphi na imiba enxulumene nokufunda okanye ukukhula komntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezengqondo eqeqeshiweyo ngayo. Baya kukwazi ukukunika ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo.
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