Ngaba unika umntwana wakho yonke imigonyo ngexesha? Sinethemba lokuba loo migonyo iya kumkhusela umntwana wakho kwizifo ezininzi eziyingozi ezifana nokukhwehlela , imasisi, nezinye. Kodwa namhlanje sithetha ngesinye isifo esingazivanga kangako ngaso, kodwa esinokuba yingozi kwaye sibulale ngokufanayo. Leyo yi -diphtheria , okanye i-diphtheria ngesiSinhala . Ngenxa yenkqubo yokugonya yelizwe lethu, esi sifo ngoku asiqhelekanga. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba siqaphele ubunzulu baso.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-diphtheria?
Ngamafutshane, i-diphtheria sisifo esibi esibangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktheriya . Sibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Corynebacterium diphtheriae' . Eyona nto ikhethekileyo ngale bhaktheriya kukuba xa ingena emzimbeni wethu, ivelisa ityhefu enamandla etshabalalisa iiseli zomzimba. Le tyhefu yiyo eyenza i-diphtheria ibe yingozi ngakumbi kunezinye izifo zebhaktheriya .
Esi sifo sichaphazela kakhulu ii-membranes ezithambileyo nezimanzi ngaphakathi kwempumlo yethu nasemqaleni. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokubonakala njengezilonda zesikhumba .
Ngoko ke esi sifo sisasazeka njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?
I-Diphtheria sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu . Kunokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
- Xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla: Xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla, iintsholongwane ezingena emoyeni ngamathontsi amancinci avela empumlweni nasemlonyeni zinokuphefumlwa ngumntu ophilileyo.
- Ngokuchukumisa izinto ezinentsholongwane: Le ntsholongwane inokubakho kwizinto ezifana neetawuli, iitshefu, kunye nezinto zokudlala ezisetyenziswa sisigulana. Ukuba uzichukumisa uze uchukumise impumlo okanye umlomo wakho ngesandla esinye, ungosuleleka.
- Kwizilonda zesikhumba: Ukuba umntu osulelekileyo une-diphtheria eluswini lwakhe, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngokudibana ngqo neso silonda.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-diphtheria inokudluliselwa kumntu ongenazo iimpawu kodwa ophethe intsholongwane emzimbeni wakhe (umthwali). Nokuba abantu abanjalo ababonisi zimpawu, banokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-4.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-diphtheria?
Xa iintsholongwane ze-diphtheria ziqala ukukhula kwizicwili zomqala nempumlo, zivelisa inani elikhulu letyhefu ekhankanyiweyo. Le tyhefu ibangela ukuba iiseli ezifileyo, iintsholongwane, kunye nenkunkuma ziqokelele kwaye zenze uqweqwe olungqindilili, olungwevu emqaleni nakwiitoni . Ngokwezonyango, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'pseudomembrane' .
Olu lolona phawu lucacileyo noluyingozi lwe-diphtheria. Olu gqubuthelo lwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla nokuginya. Kwezinye iimeko, lunokuvala ngokupheleleyo indlela yomoya kwaye lubangele nokufa.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu kunye noqweqwe olungwevu | Umbala ojiyileyo, ongwevu emqaleni nakwiitoni luphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo. |
| Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni | Ungabona ukudumba okufana nomhlaza kumacala omabini entamo. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ibangelwa kukuba indlela yomoya ivalwe sisigqubuthelo emqaleni. Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunokubonakala. |
| Umkhuhlane kunye nesifo sengqondo esibuhlungu | Indlela umzimba osabela ngayo kwisifo ingabandakanya umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu. |
| Impumlo enemifinya | Ngamanye amaxesha ulwelo oluxutywe negazi lunokuphuma empumlweni. |
| Izilonda zesikhumba | Abanye abantu badla ngokuba nezilonda ezibomvu, ezibuhlungu nezidumbileyo. Ezi zilonda zinokuba noboya obungwevu. |
Iingxaki eziyingozi ze-diphtheria
Ukuba esi sifo asinyangwa kakuhle, ityhefu inokuqokelelana egazini ize isasazeke emzimbeni wonke, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ezinkulu.
- Ukuvaleka komoya: Le yeyona meko imbi kakhulu enokuba yingozi ebomini ngoko nangoko.
- Umonakalo wentliziyo (Myocarditis): Iityhefu zingonakalisa izihlunu zentliziyo kwaye ziphazamise ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Ukonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (iPolyneuropathy): Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana nobunzima bokuthetha, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nokukhubazeka komzimba.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Iityhefu zingonakalisa izintso zize zibangele ukuba zingasasebenzi kakuhle.
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unezinye zezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa umzuzu omnye uze ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele. Esi asisosifo esinokunyangwa ekhaya.
Uxilongo kunye neendlela zonyango
Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha onamava unokurhanela ukuba i-diphtheria ibangelwa ziimpawu zesigulana, ingakumbi umbala ongwevu emqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa esi sifo, isampuli ye-mucus ethathwe emqaleni okanye empumlweni ithunyelwa ukuze ivavanywe elebhu.
Ukuba ugqirha urhanela esi sifo, uza kuqala unyango ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulinda iingxelo zelebhu. Isizathu soku kukuba ukuqala unyango ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki kubalulekile ekusindiseni ubomi.
Unyango oluphambili olunikwa isigulane esine-diphtheria esibhedlele zezi:
1. I-Antitoxin: Le inikwa njengesitofu sokugonya ukuze kuncitshiswe ityhefu eveliswa yintsholongwane.
2. Ii-antibiotics: Ii-antibiotics ezifana ne-`(Penicillin)` zinikwa ukubulala iintsholongwane emzimbeni.
3. Unyango lobunzima bokuphefumla: Ukuba ubunzima bokuphefumla bunzima kakhulu, kunokufuneka uqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator.
4. Ukuzahlula: Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo, isigulana siyahlukaniswa nabanye size sinyangwe kwigumbi elikhethekileyo.
5. Unyango lwabantu abasondeleyo: Usapho lomguli kunye nabantu abasondeleyo banikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, idosi eyongezelelweyo (i-booster) yegonyo le-diphtheria ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.
Ungazikhusela njani kwesi sifo siyingozi?
Eyona sisombululo silungileyo nesikuphela kwaso kukugonywa. Ugonyo lwe-diphtheria yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokugonywa yelizwe lethu.
I-pentavalent vaccine, enikwa xa umntwana ezelwe kwiinyanga ezi-2, ezi-4, nezi-6, ikwanayo nenxalenye ekhusela i-diphtheria. Emva koko, i-booster shots inikwa xa umntwana eneminyaka eyi-1 1/2 kunye neminyaka emi-5. I-Td vaccine inikwa nabantwana abancinci ezikolweni.
Nokuba sele ekhulile, rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10Ukufumana idosi eyongezelelweyo yesitofu sokugonya se-Td kunokukhusela kwi-diphtheria kunye ne-pertussis. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana esi sitofu ukuba undwendwela ilizwe apho i-diphtheria isaxhaphakileyo khona.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngemigonyo yakho, thetha nogqirha wosapho lwakho (ugqirha) uze ufumane ingcebiso efunekayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Diphtheria (i-pertussis) lusulelo lwebhaktheriya olunokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokugonya, kodwa lunokubulala ukuba alunyangwa.
- Umbala ongqindilili nongwevu emqaleni kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zezona mpawu ziphambili neziyingozi.
- Nika umntwana wakho zonke izitofu zakhe zokugonya ngokweshedyuli. Musa ukulibazisa naluphi na ugonyo.
- Njengomntu omdala, kububulumko ukufumana ugonyo lwe-Td lwe-pertussis kunye ne-diphtheria ubuncinane kanye kwiminyaka eli-10.
- Ukuba unesikrokro malunga neempawu ze-diphtheria, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Esi asisosifo esinokunyangwa ekhaya.
I-Diphtheria, i-Pertussis, i-Diphtheria, iiGonyo zoBuntwana, iiNtsholongwane zoMqala, izifo ezisulelayo, ugonyo lwe-Td
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