Njengomama noma ubaba, ungase ujwayelene nalezi zinto. Ingane encane ingase ingahlali endaweni eyodwa, ingase ihlale izulazula, ingase igijime, ikhulume ngokweqile, noma ingase ingafuni ukulinda ithuba layo. Empeleni lezi yizindlela zokuziphatha ezivamile zengane. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingane, ubunzima bokuthola ukunakwa nokungahlaliseki anciphi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba besingalindela. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izingane ezidlula lokhu okubi futhi zilimaze abanye ngamabomu, ziziphatha ngobudlova, zeqe isikole, zebe, futhi zihlanganyele ekuziphatheni okungekuhle. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esihlukile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Conduct Disorder.
Zombili lezi zimo ziyizinkinga zokuziphatha ezivamile ezibonakala ebuntwaneni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingane efanayo ingaba nazo zombili lezi zimo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe njengomzali ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili.
Izimpawu ze-ADHD kanye ne-Conduct Disorder zihluke kanjani?
Izimpawu zalezi zimo zombili zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kalula nje, inkinga enkulu yengane ene-ADHD ubunzima bokugcina ukunaka kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. Kodwa ingane enesifo sokuziphatha ihlukile ngokuphelele. Singase sibone ukuthi ingane izama ngamabomu ukulimaza abanye nokubhubhisa izinto. Ake sibheke lezi zimpawu ngokwehlukana.
| Izimpawu ze-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) | |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga zokunaka (Ukunganaki) | Ukungakhathali kanye nokungacabangi |
| Ukushiya izinto ezincane emsebenzini, ukwenza amaphutha anganaki. | Njengoba bengakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, bayazabalaza futhi banyakazise imilenze yabo. |
| Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile ngesikhathi somdlalo noma umsebenzi. | Uma becelwa ukuba bahlale phansi, bayavuka, bahambe, bese begijima. |
| Kubonakala sengathi awulaleli uma ngikhuluma. | Ukugijima nokukhwela ezindaweni ezingafanele. |
| Abalandeli imiyalelo, bayayeka ukusebenza phakathi nendawo. | Kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi eyenziwa buthule. |
| Kunzima ukuhlela umsebenzi. | Kukhona imvelo "ehambayo", ehlala igijima. |
| Ukugwema imisebenzi edinga ukucabanga kakhulu. | Bakhuluma kakhulu futhi baphendula imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba baqede. |
| Ngivame ukulahlekelwa izinto engizidingayo emsebenzini (izincwadi, amapensela). | Abanaso isineke sethuba labo. |
Manje usunombono ocacile wokuthi iyini i-ADHD. Kodwa i-Conduct Disorder iyindlela yokuziphatha engathi sína kakhulu. Laba bantwana benza ngamabomu izinto ezilimaza abanye futhi zephule imithetho yomphakathi.
| Izimpawu Zokuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha | |
|---|---|
| Ulaka Kubantu Nezilwane | Ukubhujiswa Kwempahla Nokukhohlisa |
| Ukuhlukumeza, ukwesabisa, nokusongela abanye. | Ukushisa kuhloswe ngamabomu ukulimaza impahla. |
| Ukulwa kuvame ukuqala. | Ukubhubhisa ngamabomu izinto zabanye abantu. |
| Ukusebenzisa izikhali (imimese, izinduku) ezingalimaza abanye. | Ukugqekeza emakhaya, ezimotweni, noma ezakhiweni. |
| Ukuphatha abantu noma izilwane ngonya ngokomzimba. | Baqamba amanga ukuze bathole abakufunayo. |
| Ukweba ngqo kothile (isib., ukuthatha imali ngokumsongela). | Bantshontsha izimpahla ezitolo. |
| Ukuphoqa omunye umuntu ngokocansi. | Ngaphambi kokuba bafinyelele eminyakeni engu-13, bahlala ngaphandle kwendlu ebusuku bengatshelanga abazali babo. |
| - | Ubaleka ekhaya, uphuma esikoleni ngesinyenyela. |
Udokotela uzihlonza kanjani ngokunembile lezi zimo ezimbili?
Uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD noma i-Conduct Disorder , into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha . Uma kudingeka, uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo yengane.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungamsoli noma ukumjezisa umntwana uma ubona lolu hlobo lokuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele ngoba lokhu kungaba yisimo sezokwelapha.
Lapho ethola isifo, udokotela ucabangela izici eziningana.
- Nge-ADHD: Ngokuvamile, ingane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 kumele ibe nezimpawu eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu zokunganaki noma ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngesikhathi. Futhi, lezi zimpawu kumele zibe sezingeni elingafanele iminyaka yengane futhi ziphazamise imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-17, kumele kube nezimpawu ezi-5. Kodwa lezi zimpawu kumele ukuthi ziqale ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12. Futhi lezi zimpawu azigcini endaweni eyodwa, njengasekhaya nasesikoleni.Kufanele ibonakale okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili.
- Uma ingane inenkinga yokuziphatha: Ukuze itholakale inalokhu, kumele ukuthi ibonise okungenani ezintathu zezenzo zobudlova nezilimazayo ezishiwo ngenhla ngonyaka odlule. Futhi, kumele ukuthi ibonise okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule.
Ingane ene-ADHD inamathuba amaningi okuba nenye inkinga yokuziphatha ebizwa ngokuthi i-Conduct Disorder noma i-ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder). Ngakho-ke uma ingane yakho nayo inenkinga yokuziphatha okunolaka ngaphezu kwezinkinga zokunaka, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngalokho.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi, kunezindlela zokwelapha zombili lezi zimo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD
I-ADHD ingalawulwa kakhulu ngokwelashwa.
- Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala: Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuqeqesha abazali ngendlela yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yabo ngaphambi kokunikeza imithi.
- Ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-6 ubudala: Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kanye nemithi kuvame ukunikezwa ndawonye. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwemithi esetshenziswayo ye-ADHD yizikhuthazi . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwesekwa okwengeziwe okuvela esikoleni nakho kungasiza ingane kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa Kokuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha
Ukwelapha lesi simo kuyinselele kancane.
- Ukwelashwa: Lokhu kuhilela kakhulu ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwesikhathi eside kanye nokwelulekwa . Lokhu kufundisa ingane indlela yokuxhumana nabanye ngendlela engalimazi. Kuphinde kuqeqeshe labo abaseduze nengane, okuhlanganisa nabazali, ngezindlela ezintsha zokusebenzelana nengane.
- Imithi: Ayikho imithi ethile ye-Conduct Disorder. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane inesinye isimo sempilo yengqondo, njenge-ADHD noma ukucindezeleka, ukwelapha leso simo ngezinye izikhathi kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-Conduct Disorder.
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lezi zifo?
Kunzima ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani ingane iba nalezi zimo.
- I-ADHD: Ingozi inganda uma othile emndenini enalesi simo (ithonya lezakhi zofuzo) futhi ngenxa yezimo ezithile umama abhekana nazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuphazamiseka Kokuziphatha: Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala sihambisana nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Izingane ezinomlando womndeni wokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, kanye nalabo ababenganakwa noma abahlukunyezwa beseyizingane, zisengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i-ADHD ingalawulwa, ingakhula ibe yi-Conduct Disorder. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi wonke umntwana one-ADHD uzoba ne-Conduct Disorder. Akuvamile kakhulu.
Uma unenkinga noma ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu . Izingane ezincane ezinalezi zimo zinamathuba amaningi okuthola ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu, njengokucindezeleka nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi ukuthi zingabi khona.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD kanye ne-Conduct Disorder yizimo ezimbili. I-ADHD iyinkinga yokunaka kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. I-Conduct Disorder yindlela yokuziphatha enolaka elimaza abanye futhi yephule imithetho.
- Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nazo zombili lezi zimo ndawonye.
- Uma unokungabaza ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho, ungayisoli ingane, kodwa bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu bese ucela iseluleko.
- Lezi zimo zingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuziphatha. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.
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