Wake wanikela ngegazi? Ngokuvamile, uma sinikela ngegazi, sinikeza isampula yegazi lonke. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kunenqubo ekhethekile yezokwelapha ebizwa ngokuthi i-Apheresis—ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-pheresis—esivumela ukuthi sihlukanise izingxenye ezithile zegazi lakho, njengamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, noma ama-platelet, noma ngisho nokususa izinto eziyingozi ezibangela izifo ezithile? Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukusiza uqonde le ndlela yezokwelapha emangalisayo kalula.
Iyini ngempela i-Apheresis?
Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlukanisa ubisi lukakhukhunathi olujiyile nolwenziwe ngamanzi ngemva kokulucindezela. I-Apheresis isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Umshini okhethekile we-centrifuge udonsa igazi lakho bese ulijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze ulihlukanise libe yizingxenye zalo ezahlukahlukene.
Uma sesihlukanisiwe, siqoqa kuphela ingxenye edingekayo (isibonelo, ama-platelet anempilo) bese sibuyisela lonke igazi emzimbeni wakho. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ngezinjongo ezimbili:
1. Ngokunikela Ngegazi: Ukunikela kuphela ngezingxenye ezithile ezidingwa yisiguli, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-platelet, noma i-plasma.
2. Njengokwelashwa: Ukususa izingxenye zegazi ezingavamile noma eziyingozi (njengamaseli omdlavuza ) ezibangela ukugula emzimbeni wakho.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Apheresis?
Lokhu kwelashwa kwenzelwe izidingo zakho ezithile. Sicela ubheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze uqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene.
| Uhlobo lwe-Apheresis | Lokho ekwenzayo |
|---|---|
| I-Leukapheresis | Ukususa amaseli egazi amhlophe amaningi futhi ayingozi egazini lakho ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu. |
| Ukuqoqwa kwamaseli egazi angaphandle | Ukuqoqa amaseli okuqala angavuthiwe egazini ukuze kufakwe iseli lokuqala. |
| I-Photopheresis | Ukususa uhlobo oluthile lwamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, ukuwabeka ekukhanyeni kwe-UVA ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi wawo, bese uwabuyisela emzimbeni ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza noma amagciwane. |
| I-Plasmapheresis (ukushintshana kwe-plasma) | Ukususa ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho (i-plasma) bese uyifaka esikhundleni sayo nge-plasma enempilo noma uketshezi oluthatha indawo yayo ukuze welaphe izifo eziningi ezingathi sína. |
| Ukuncipha kwamaplatelet | Ukususa ama-platelet angaphezulu uma umzimba wakho unenani eliphezulu kakhulu eliyingozi. |
| Ukushintshaniswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi | Ukususa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angaphilile noma angajwayelekile (isib., ku-sickle cell anemia) bese uwafaka esikhundleni sawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo. |
Yiziphi izimo ezisetshenziswayo lokhu kwelashwa?
I-Apheresis iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelapheni nasekuphatheni izimo eziningi zezempilo. Isibonelo, kulabo abathola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okunamandla, singavuna amaseli akho aphilile ngale ndlela ukuze siwagcine ngokuphephile futhi siwabuyisele kuwe ngemva kokwelashwa kwakho.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
Umdlavuza Wegazi
- I -leukemia ye-myeloid ebukhali
- Izinhlobo ezithile ze -lymphoma
- I-myeloma eminingi
- I-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Ezinye Izinkinga Zegazi
- I-anemia yamaseli esikele
- I-Cryoglobulinemia
- I-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Izinkinga Zezinzwa
- I-Guillain-Barré syndrome
- I-multiple sclerosis
- I-Myasthenia gravis
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-apheresis isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa kwezitho kanye nesifo se-Graft vs. host.
Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani?
Ngenxa yokuthi le nqubo isetshenziswa ngezizathu ezahlukene, ukulungiselela kuyahlukahluka kuye wonke umuntu ogulayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi inqubo izothatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithile okudingeka uzithathe kusengaphambili.
Isibonelo, uma ungumnikeli wamaseli e-stem, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imithi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuze usize ekukhululeni amaseli e-stem emnkantsheni wakho aye egazini lakho.
Ngokuvamile, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uhlale unamanzi amaningi ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi ezinsukwini eziholela ekwelashweni kwakho.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi senqubo ye-Apheresis?
Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuthusa, inqubo ihlelekile kakhulu futhi yenziwa ngendlela ekugcina ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Okokuqala, uzohlala phansi noma ucelwe ukuba ulale esihlalweni noma embhedeni okhululekile.
- Okulandelayo, abasebenzi bethu bezokwelapha bazofaka izinaliti ezimbili ezincane emithanjeni esezingalweni zakho zombili. Inaliti ngayinye ixhunywe ku- catheter , okuyipayipi elincane neliguquguqukayo.
- Igazi lizokhishwa kancane kancane engalweni eyodwa bese liqondiswa emshinini okhethekile, ohlukanisa ngokucophelela izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi lakho.
- Uma izingxenye ezidingekayo seziqoqiwe, igazi elisele libuyiselwa ngokuphephile emzimbeni wakho ngepayipi elikwenye ingalo yakho.
Phakathi nale nqubo, ukhululekile ukufunda incwadi, ukulalela umculo, noma umane uphumule. Asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka, njengoba abasebenzi bethu bezokwelapha bezoba eceleni kwakho kuyo yonke inqubo.
Yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona zalokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane, yize zingavamile. Iningi lazo lincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ithimba lethu lezokwelapha likuqapha eduze kulo lonke iseshini, lingabhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha uma zivela.
| Ingozi/Inkinga | Ngamagama alula... |
|---|---|
| Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension) | Ngenxa yokuthi igazi elithile lingaphandle komzimba wakho futhi kusetshenziswa ama-anticoagulant, umfutho wegazi wakho ungase wehle kancane, okungakwenza uzizwe unesiyezi kancane. |
| I-Hypocalcemia (Amazinga aphansi e-calcium) | Into esetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi inganciphisa amazinga akho e-calcium okwesikhashana, okungase kubangele ukuqaqamba ezindebeni zakho noma ezithweni zakho. |
| Ukopha | Ungase uzwe ukopha okuncane endaweni lapho inaliti ifakwe khona. |
| Ukutheleleka | Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, kunengozi encane yokutheleleka endaweni yokufaka inaliti. |
| Ukulimala kwemizwa | Akuvamile kakhulu, ukucindezeleka emthanjeni ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwenaliti kungabangela ukungazweli noma ubuthakathaka besikhashana. |
Khumbula, lezi zinkinga azivamile. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, ungazizwa kahle, noma unesiyezi, sicela wazise abasebenzi bezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Kufanele ngixhumane nini nodokotela wami?
Ngemva kokwelashwa, ungabuyela emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezincane ongazilindela ngemuva kwenqubo. Uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zinzima kakhulu kunalokho okuchaziwe, noma uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Apheresis inqubo ekhethekile yezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezithile egazini lakho.
- Isetshenziselwa ukunikela ngezingxenye zegazi noma njengokwelashwa kokususa izinto eziyingozi.
- Lena inqubo ephephile kakhulu, eqondiswa udokotela, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokungadingekile.
- Sicela ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa.
- Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa, yazisa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha noma udokotela ngokushesha.
