Wake wanikela ngegazi? Uma sivame ukunikela ngegazi, sinikeza igazi lethu lonke. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kukhona indlela ekhethekile engahlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi lethu, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet, noma isuse kuphela izingxenye eziyingozi ezibangela isifo esithile egazini? Leyo ndlela yezokwelapha emangalisayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-apheresis. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi i-pheresis. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-apheresis?
Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlukanisa ubisi nobisi ngemva kokukhama ukhukhunathi. I-Apheresis inqubo efanayo. Kule nqubo, umshini okhethekile, obizwa ngokuthi i-centrifuge, ujikeleza igazi elithathwe emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu futhi uhlukanise izingxenye ezahlukene (izingxenye) ezikuwo. Lokhu kuhlukanisa igazi, kuthatha kuphela ingxenye oyidingayo (isibonelo, ama-platelet anempilo), bese kubuyisela lonke igazi emzimbeni wakho. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa izinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko: 1.
Ukunikela ngegazi: Nikela kuphela ingxenye yegazi lakho edingwa esinye isiguli, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-platelet, noma i-plasma. 2.
Njengokwelashwa: Susa izingxenye zegazi ezingavamile noma eziyingozi (isibonelo,
amangqamuzana omdlavuza ) ezibangela isifo emzimbeni wakho.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-apheresis?
Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngesidingo. Ukuze ukuqonde kahle, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwe-Apheresis | Kuyini lokhu? (Lokho okukwenzayo) |
|---|
| I-Leukapheresis | Ukususa ukukhula okungalawuleki kwamaseli amhlophe egazi ayingozi egazini. Lokhu kuqeda izimpawu. |
| Ukuqoqwa kwamaseli egazi angaphandle | Ukuqoqa amaseli okuqala angavuthiwe egazini adingekayo ukuze kufakwe iseli lokuqala. |
| I-Photopheresis | Uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, asuswa emzimbeni, atholakala ekukhanyeni kwe-UVA, akhuliswe ekusebenzeni kwawo, bese ebuyiselwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kwandisa ikhono lokulwa nezinto ezifana namangqamuzana omdlavuza namagciwane. |
| I-Plasmapheresis (ukushintshana kwe-plasma) | Ukususa ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi, i-plasma, bese uyifaka esikhundleni sayo nge-plasma enempilo noma olunye uketshezi. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa izifo eziningana ezingathi sína. |
| Ukuncipha kwamaplatelet | Uma umzimba unama-platelet amaningi kakhulu, asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi, ama-platelet asele ayasuswa. |
| Ukushintshaniswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi | Ukususa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angaphilile, angajwayelekile (isib., ku-sickle cell anemia) bese uwafaka esikhundleni sawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo, anikelwe. |
Yiziphi izifo ezisetshenziswayo kulokhu kwelashwa?
I-Apheresis iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni nasekuphatheni izifo eziningi. Isibonelo, amaseli okuqala aphilile avela kumuntu othola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali anamandla omdlavuza angasuswa, agcinwe ngokuphephile, bese ebuyiswa ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izimo ezilandelayo:
Umdlavuza Wegazi
Ezinye izinkinga zegazi
Izinkinga Zezinzwa
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-apheresis isetshenziselwa nokwelapha izimo ezinjengokwenqatshwa kokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba kanye nesifo sokufakelwa kwezicubu uma kuqhathaniswa nesifo somsingathi.
Ngingakulungiselela kanjani lokhu?
Lokhu kwenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukene, ngakho akuwona wonke umuntu okumele alungiselele ngendlela efanayo.
Ngakho-ke into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Uzokutshela ngokucacile ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi yini okudingeka uyenze ngaphambi kwako. Isibonelo, uma ungumnikeli wamaseli e-stem, kuzodingeka uthathe umuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Lokhu kusiza amaseli e-stem emnkantsheni wakho ukuthi angene egazini lakho ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile,
kuwumqondo omuhle ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, njengamanzi, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-apheresis?
Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengento enkulu, empeleni kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile, ngendlela ekwenza uzizwe ukhululekile.
- Okokuqala, uzokwenziwa ukuthi uhlale/ulale esihlalweni noma embhedeni okhululekile.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazofaka izinaliti ezimbili emthanjeni ezingalweni zakho ngayinye. Inaliti ngayinye izoba ne -catheter , ipayipi elincane neligobile, elinamathiselwe kuyo.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, elinye igazi lakho liya kulowo mshini okhethekile. Ngaphakathi emshinini, izingxenye zegazi kufanele zihlukaniswe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye edingekayo iyahlukaniswa, bese igazi elisele lifakwa emzimbeni wakho ngepayipi elikwenye ingalo.
Ngesikhathi yonke le nqubo isenzeka, ungafunda incwadi, ulalele ingoma, noma umane uphumule.
Asikho isidingo sokwesaba ngoba abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazohlala benawe. Yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezingavamile kakhulu ezihilelekile. Kodwa lezi ngokuvamile zincane. Futhi, njengoba ithimba lezokwelapha likuqapha kuyo yonke inqubo, uma kuvela izinkinga, bangazixazulula ngokushesha.
| Ingozi/Inkinga | Kalula nje... |
|---|
| Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension) | Umfutho wegazi lakho ungase wehle kancane ngoba igazi elithile likhishwa emzimbeni wakho bese kunikezwa uketshezi ukuze kuvinjelwe amahlule egazi. Ungase uzizwe unesiyezi. |
| Amazinga aphansi e-calcium (i-Hypocalcemia) | Ama-anticoagulant anganciphisa amazinga e-calcium emzimbeni okwesikhashana, okubangela ukuba kube ndikindiki ezungeze izindebe nemilenze. |
| Ukopha | Kungase kube nokopha okuncane okuvela endaweni yokufaka. |
| Ukutheleleka | Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube nethuba lokutheleleka endaweni yokufaka. |
| Ukulimala kwemizwa | Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube nokungezwani noma ubuthakathaka ngenxa yokucindezeleka emthanjeni ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwenaliti. |
Khumbula, amathuba okuba lezi zinto zenzeke mancane kakhulu. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, ungenamizwa, noma unesiyezi , yazisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Kufanele ngimshayele nini udokotela?
Ngemva kokwelashwa, ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezincane ongazilindela ngemva kokwelashwa.
Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima kakhulu kunalokho akushoyo, noma uma unenkinga noma ukukhathazeka, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Apheresis inqubo ekhethekile yezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi.
- Lokhu kuhilela ukunikela ngengxenye yegazi noma ukususa nokwelapha izingxenye ezigulayo.
- Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu eyenziwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela, ngakho ungesabi.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa.
- Uma uzwa noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa, yazisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha noma udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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