Ingabe nawe unomehluko omncane ku-valve yenhliziyo yakho? Ake sixoxe nge-Bicuspid Aortic Valve!

Wake wacabanga ngamasango amancane angaphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho? Singase singacabangi nokuthi abaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi sifika kuleli zwe sinezinguquko ezincane kula masango amancane, okungukuthi, ama-valve enhliziyo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo senhliziyo esikhethekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease . Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini le valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid? Kalula nje...

Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengephampu yamanzi. Le phampu iphampa igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kukhona isango elibaluleke kakhulu lapho igazi ligeleza khona lisuka enhliziyweni liye emthanjeni wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni, i-aorta. Leli sango silibiza ngokuthi i-aortic valve .

Ngokuvamile, kumuntu ophilile, i-aortic valve inezingxenye ezintathu, noma ama-flap, njengamaqabunga amathathu emnyango. La ma-flap amathathu avuleka futhi avaleke kahle ukuze igazi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela - kusukela enhliziyweni kuya ku-aorta. La ma-flap avimbela igazi ukuthi libuyele enhliziyweni.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu one-'Bicuspid Aortic Valve' unezimbobo ezimbili ku-'Aortic Valve'. 'I-Bi'' isho ukuthi `ezimbili'' kanye ne-'cuspid'' isho ukuthi `incwajana''. Ngakho-ke, igama livela eqinisweni lokuthi kunezimbobo ezimbili. Lesi yisimo "sokuzalwa" , okusho ukuthi sikhona lapho umuntu ezalwa.

Ake ucabange nje, bekuzokwenzekani uma umnyango uneziqalo ezimbili esikhundleni seziqalo ezintathu? Mhlawumbe umnyango ubungavuleki kahle, noma mhlawumbe ubungavaleki kahle. Yilokho okwenzekayo kule valve.

• Uma ivalvu ingavuli kahle: Kuba nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze liye phambili, okungukuthi, liye e-aorta. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Aortic Stenosis' , okusho ukuthi ivalvu incishisiwe.
• Uma ivalvu ingavali kahle: Igazi livuza libuyele enhliziyweni lisuka ku-aorta. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-aortic regurgitation , okusho ukuthi igazi livuza libuyele ngevalvu.

Kungenzeka ukuthi usuneminyaka eminingi unale `Aortic Stenosis` noma `Aortic Regurgitation`, futhi ungase ungazi ngayo. Ungase ungakhombisi zimpawu. Ngoba i-`Aortic Valve` yakho yenza umsebenzi wayo kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ayisebenzi kahle njengevalvu enamapheshana amathathu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le valve ye-bicuspid yenza inhliziyo yakho isebenze kanzima . Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.Kungenzeka. Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukwamukela leli qiniso, ukufunda ngalesi simo kuzokusiza ukuliqonda kangcono.

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba ne-bicuspid aortic valve?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-bicuspid aortic valve ozoba nezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, cishe oyedwa kwabathathu uzoba nezinkinga. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi futhi kube yingozi empilweni . Yingakho abantu abatholakale benesifo se-bicuspid aortic valve kufanele baqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokulandelwa.

Lesi simo sithinta phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabantu bonke. Sivame kabili kwabesilisa kunakwabesifazane. Abantu abane-Turner syndrome nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola lolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo , ikakhulukazi i-bicuspid regurgitation.

Ngokuvamile, ungase ungaziboni izimpawu kuze kube yilapho isifo sesiqhubeke kakhulu noma kuvela isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kungathola izinguquko ezincane ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele izimpawu. Futhi intuthuko ekwelashweni ingakusiza uphile impilo ende nenempilo .

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ungase ungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Ungaphila iminyaka eminingi ungazi nokuthi unalolu shintsho oluncane enhliziyweni yakho. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu zizoqala ukuvela ngenxa ye-'Aortic Regurgitation' noma i-'Aortic Stenosis'.

Izingane ezincane nezinsana:

Uma ingane yakho ine-aortic valve e-bicuspid, kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, izimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, lezi zimpawu azibonakali kuze kube kamuva.

• Isikhumba esikhanyayo noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Cyanosis)
• Ukungafuni ukudla, izinkinga zokukhula kwesisindo

Izimpawu kubantu abadala:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele (lesi yisibonakaliso esivame kakhulu)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Isiyezi noma ukuquleka
• Ukuzwa inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngendlela engavamile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula , ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi bane-aortic valve ye-bicuspid ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zingase zingabonakali kalula. Umndeni wakho noma abangani bakho bangase babone umehluko kuwe ngaphambi kokuba wenze kanjalo.

Cabanga ngokuthi ungakanani umsebenzi ongakwenza ngosuku olujwayelekile. Qhathanisa nokuthi ungakanani owawuwenza ngonyaka odlule, noma ngisho ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Ingabe ukhathala kalula manje? Ingabe udinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula? Uma kunjalo, lokho kungasho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima ukuze uqede umsebenzi.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela wakho . Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko oziqaphelayo empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.

Yini ebangela i-bicuspid aortic valve?

Abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-bicuspid aortic valve. Kodwa-ke, yisimo senhliziyo esivame kakhulu ukuzalwa naso . Siqala ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa .

Ingabe lokhu kuyinto evela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane?

Kubonakala kungenzeka, kodwa abacwaningi abakayiqondi ngokugcwele imininingwane.

I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve ingasebenza emindenini. Uma isihlobo sakho segazi esiseduze (umzali, ingane, umfowenu/udadewenu) sinalesi simo senhliziyo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuhlola isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho .

Uma une-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid futhi uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Nakuba lesi simo singenakuvinjelwa, ungaqapha ukukhulelwa kwakho futhi uzame ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi .

Yiziphi izinkinga zalesi simo?

Uma ingelashwa, i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo: Uma kwenzeka i-aortic stenosis, okuyilapho i-valve iba mncane, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Igumbi eliyinhloko lokupompa lenhliziyo, i-ventricle yesobunxele, liyaqina futhi libe likhulu. Alikwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Le nqubo ingasheshiswa uma kunezinye izinto eziyingozi, njengokubhema kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukuqhuma kwe-Aortic Aneurysm kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-Aortic:Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu one-aortic valve e-bicuspid aortic angase abe ne-aorta evulekile, noma ekhulisiwe, ngaphezu kwe-valve. Njengoba i-aorta ikhula, izindonga zayo zilahlekelwa amandla futhi zishintshe isimo. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela ku-aortic aneurysm, ukuqubuka okufana nebhaluni odongeni lwe-aorta. Uma le aneurysm iba nkulu kakhulu, ingaqhekeka noma idabule odongeni (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-aortic) . Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo ezisongela ukuphila .

I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve ihlolwa kanjani?

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela angasithola lesi simo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-cardiac prenatal ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-bicuspid aortic valve itholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwa lapho umntwana eba nezimpawu ngenxa yesinye isimo senhliziyo.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi badlula iminyaka bengazi ukuthi banalesi simo. Uphawu lokuqala kungaba ukububula kwenhliziyo , umsindo ongavamile enhliziyweni udokotela wakho awuzwa nge-stethoscope. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo zezithombe ukuhlola isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lokhu?

Udokotela wakho angase ahlole inhliziyo yakho futhi enze lezi zivivinyo ukuze abone ukuthi une-aortic valve ye-bicuspid:

• I-Echocardiogram (i-Echocardiogram - i-echo) : Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone izithombe ezibukhoma zenhliziyo.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT (i-Computed Tomography scans) : Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba.
• `I-MRI Yenhliziyo` (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : Lokhu kungathola nezithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.

Bangase bakuthumelele nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo .

Iphathwa kanjani i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve?

Imithi efana ne-beta-blockers kanye ne-diuretics ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu. Kodwa ayilaphi ngokuphelele lesi simo . Cishe abantu abane kwabahlanu abane-Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease bazodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze baselaphe. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzolungisa i-aortic valve yakho noma afake i-valve entsha . Bangase balungise nezinye izinkinga, njenge-aneurysm, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufanayo.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho, enze izivivinyo ezithile, futhi axoxe nawe ngezinketho zakho zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika esimweni se-aortic valve yakho kanye ne-aorta. Bazocabangela nempilo yenhliziyo yakho iyonke, ubudala, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni. Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase afune ukwelapha inkinga manje ukuze avimbele izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sihlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nawe ngezinketho zakho.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha buthuthukise imiphumela futhi bunciphise izinkinga. Abantu abaningi manje sebengasebenzisa amasu angangenisi kakhulu esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvamile.

Umehluko phakathi kokuhlinzwa kwe-aortic valve yendabuko kanye nokuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-aortic valve yendabuko (evulekile enhliziyweni): Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okungamasentimitha angu-6-8 phakathi kwesifuba, eduze kwe-sternum. Udokotela ohlinzayo uhlukanisa i-sternum ibe yizibili ukuze afinyelele inhliziyo ngqo.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-aortic valve okungenamsoco kakhulu: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okuncane, okufana no-"J" okungaba amasentimitha angu-2-4 ubude. Lokhu kusika kungenziwa phezulu kwethambo lesifuba noma phakathi kwezimbambo. Udokotela ohlinzayo akadingi ukuvula isifuba sonke. Le ndlela inciphisa ukopha, ivumela ukuhlala esibhedlela ngokushesha, futhi inganciphisa isikhathi sokululama.

Ukulungiswa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic Noma Ukufakwa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic?

• Ukulungiswa kwe-Aortic Valve: Lena inqubo elungisa i-valve yakho ngaphandle kokuyishintsha. Lena inketho enhle kubantu abane-aortic regurgitation (igazi eliphuma ku-valve). Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukwelapha i-aortic stenosis (ukuncipha kwe-valve). Odokotela abahlinzayo bavame ukwenza le nqubo engangenisi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-"J". Udokotela ohlinzayo uphinda abumbe amapheshana e-aortic valve yakho ukuze awasize avuleke futhi avalwe kahle.

• Ukufakwa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ivalvu yakho engalungiseki bese uyishintsha ngentsha. Odokotela abahlinzayo bangayishintsha ivalvu yakho ngokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko noma ngenqubo encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) .

Ivalvu entsha ozoyifaka ingaba 'yivalvu yezinto eziphilayo' noma 'ivalvu yemishini' .

• `I-valve yezinto eziphilayo`:Odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa lolu hlobo lwe-valve izikhathi ezingu-80%. Le valve yenziwe ngezicubu zezingulube noma izinkomo. Iphephile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engaba yi-10, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlinzwe ukuze ufake i-valve esikhundleni sayo.
• Ivalvu yomshini: Le valve yokwenziwa ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingahlala impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuze isebenze kahle, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi impilo yakho yonke .

Abantu abaningi bakhetha i-valve yezinto eziphilayo ngoba akudingeki bathathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Kodwa kuya ngeminyaka yakho, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngalezi zinketho futhi akusize unqume ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Enye indlela yokushintsha ivalvu inqubo kaRoss (eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo yokushintsha) . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ivalvu yakho yamaphaphu bese uyishintsha ngevalvu yakho ye-aortic. Lokhu kungaba yindlela enhle uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala futhi ufuna ukugwema ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi isikhathi eside.

Izinkinga zokwelashwa

Ngokuvamile, ingozi yezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni kwe-valve iphansi. Kodwa-ke, izingozi ezingaba khona zingafaka:

• Izifo
• Ukopha
• Amahlule egazi
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo `(Arrhythmia)` (okwesikhashana)
• Ukwehla kokusebenza kwezinso (okwesikhashana)

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama kulokhu kwelashwa?

Ukuhlinzwa kokushintsha i-Aortic Valve kungathatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ukuze kuphole ngokuphelele. Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa i-Aortic Valve kungathatha cishe inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili ukuze kuphole ngokuphelele.

Ingabe i-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid ingavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-bicuspid aortic valve. Izalwa nayo , okusho ukuthi uzalwa nayo. Kodwa-ke, ungenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezinganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola ezinye izifo zenhliziyo, njenge-atherosclerosis kanye nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo. Uma une-bicuspid aortic valve, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokulawula izici zakho zengozi yesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu `(i-Hyperlipidemia)`
• Isifo sikashukela
• Izici zendlela yokuphila ezifana nemikhiqizo kagwayi nokusetshenziswa kotshwala

Uma ngine-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Cishe abantu abangu-98% abahlinzwa i-valve baphila ngaphandle komthelela empilweni yabo. Uma une-valve ye-aortic ene-bicuspid, ungaphila isikhathi eside njengomuntu ongenaso lesi simo.Kodwa-ke, uzodinga ukulandelwa njalo kanye nokuhlolwa nodokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho uzohlola i-valve yakho futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa uma kudingeka. Ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Nge-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid, ungenza izinto eziningi ozithandayo. Kuzodingeka wenze izinguquko ezithile endleleni yokuphila ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile futhi unciphise ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
• Kunciphisa kakhulu inani le-sodium (usawoti) owudlayo.
• Ukugwema umsebenzi womzimba oweqile.

Uzodinga ama-aphoyintimenti avamile nodokotela wakho ukuze uhlole ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani. Uma uke wahlinzwa, uzoba nokulandelwa emasontweni amabili, ezinyangeni ezintathu, kanye nasezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ngemva kwalokho, uzoba ne-aphoyintimenti njalo ngonyaka. La ma-aphoyintimenti abalulekile ukuze uhlale uphilile futhi uhlole ama-valve akho ukuze ubambe izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kunini lapho kufanele ngikhathazeke khona nge-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid?

Kufanele ukhathazeke nge-bicuspid aortic valve lapho iqala ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho. Isifo se-bicuspid aortic valve singabangela i-aortic stenosis kanye nokubuyela kwesisu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinkinga zingabangela umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uze kangaki ukuze uthole ama-aphoyintimenti. Uma uke wahlinzwa, kuzoba nokulandelela okuningana phakathi nonyaka wokuqala bese kuba nokuhlolwa okukodwa njalo ngonyaka ngemva kwalokho.

Uma othile emndenini wakho enezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo, kodwa ungakaxilongwa, udokotela wakho angakuthumela kudokotela wenhliziyo . Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo angakuhlola isifo senhliziyo futhi akunike iseluleko.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm noma ukuqhekeka , shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo yendawo) ngokushesha :

• Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obubukhali, obuhlabayo esifubeni noma emhlane
• Isikhumba sizwakala sinamathela futhi sijuluka
• Isiyezi
• Isiyezi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nitholakala nine-aortic valve ye-bicuspid, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngesimo senhliziyo yakho nokuthi udinga ukwelashwa yini. Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza ihlanganisa:

• Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka?
• Ungancoma yini izinguquko zendlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo?
• Ingabe zikhona izimpawu zokopha noma ukuncipha kwe-aorta?
• Inqubo yokuphulukiswa izoba njani?
• Yiziphi izimpawu noma izinkinga okufanele ngiziqaphele ekhaya?
• Yimiphi imisebenzi engaba yingozi?
• Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yengane yami yesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo?
• Ingabe unezinsiza ezingangisiza ukuchaza lesi sifo enganeni yami?

Ukubhekana ne-bicuspid aortic valve kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kungaphakamisa imibuzo eminingi. Khumbula, odokotela nodokotela abahlinzayo balapha ukuzokusiza wena noma ingane yakho nihlale niphilile futhi ninamandla. Uma wena noma ingane yakho nisanda kutholakala ukuthi ninayo le nkinga, zinike isikhathi sokufunda kabanzi ngalesi simo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola ulwazi oludingayo ukuze uzizwe ungcono ngokuphatha lesi simo. Futhi, khumbula ukuthi banobuchwepheshe bokubamba nokwelapha izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid yisimo sokuzalwa esingalawulwa. Ungesabi, kodwa qaphela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele, uhlolwe ngesikhathi, futhi uphile impilo enempilo. Awuwedwa, bakhona odokotela abangakusiza. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusizile ukuthi uqonde kangcono lesi simo.

I - valve yenhliziyo ye-bicuspid, i-valve ye-aortic, isifo senhliziyo, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, i-aortic stenosis, ukubuyiselwa kwe-aortic