Ubumpumputhe: Masithole Ulwazi - Nirogi Lanka

Amehlo akho anjengamatshe ayigugu, akunjalo? Cabanga ngendlela okungaguqula ngayo impilo uma kwenzeka okuthile embonweni wakho, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone umhlaba. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngesihloko esibalulekile nesivame ukwesabisa: ubumpumputhe. Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, sicela ukuphathe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi ufune ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe ngokushesha.

Kuyini Ngempela Ubumpumputhe Futhi Ziyini Izinhlobo Zabo?

Kalula nje, ubumpumputhe buwukulahlekelwa umbono. Kwabanye, lokhu kusho ukungakwazi ukubona ukukhanya nhlobo. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo asikwazi ukulungiswa ngezibuko, ama-contact lens, imithi, noma izinqubo zokuhlinzwa.

Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukene zobumpumputhe:

1. Ubumpumputhe Obuncane / Ukubona Okuphansi

Kulesi simo, usenombono othile, kodwa uyaphazamiseka kakhulu kangangokuthi imisebenzi yansuku zonke iba nzima. Abaningi babiza lokhu ngokuthi "Umbono Ophansi." Ungase uthole ukuthi ubona kuphela umbhalo omkhulu noma ukuthi umbono wakho ubonakala ungacacile njalo.

2. Ubumpumputhe Obuphelele

Lesi yisimo esingavamile lapho ungenakho nhlobo ukubona okubonakalayo, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ngisho nokubona ukukhanya.

3. Ubumpumputhe Bokuzalwa

Abanye abantu bazalwa benokukhubazeka kwamehlo. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizimo zofuzo ezithinta amehlo kanye ne-retina, noma izinkinga ezivela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

4. Ubumpumputhe Bezomthetho

Lokhu ukuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe. Ubhekwa njengoyimpumputhe ngokomthetho uma umbono wakho ophakathi, ngisho noma une-lens yokulungisa engcono kakhulu, uwela ngaphansi komkhawulo othile. Empeleni, ukuze ubone into engamafidi angu-20 umuntu onombono ojwayelekile angayibona ngamafidi angu-200, kuzodingeka ube seduze kakhulu, noma into kuzodingeka ibe nkulu ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umbono ongu-20/200 . Ubhekwa futhi njengoyimpumputhe ngokomthetho uma umbono wakho ongaphandle (ohlangothini) ukhawulelwe engela lama-degree angu-20 noma ngaphansi.

5. Ukungaboni Kokudla Okunempilo

Lokhu kuyinhlekelele engagwenywa. Kubangelwa ukuntuleka okukhulu kweVithamini A. Uma kungelashwa, lokhu kuntuleka kungalimaza ubuso beso lakho, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-Xerophthalmia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lakho lokubona ekukhanyeni okufiphele lingase linciphe kakhulu ngoba amangqamuzana ku-retina yakho awakwazi ukusebenza kahle.

Cabanga ngalokhu: Ukudla kwakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umbono wakho!

Ukuqonda Ubumpumputhe Bombala

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa "ngokungaboni ngombala." Lokhu kuhlukile ezinhlotsheni zokungaboni okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Kubhekisela ebunzimeni bokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ethile. Lokhu kungaba yifa noma kungakhula kamuva empilweni ngenxa yomonakalo ku-retina noma ku-optic nerve. Uma ubona umhlaba kuphela ngemibala emnyama, emhlophe, nempunga, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Achromatopsia.

Ubumpumputhe Obungavinjelwa

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukulahlekelwa umbono kubangelwa yisimo esingelapheki esingazange sixazululwe ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungatholakali kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma une-Diabetes Mellitus futhi ungayiphathi kahle, ungase ube ne-Diabetic Retinopathy, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono. Ngokufanayo, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okungalawulwa kungaholela ku-Hypertensive Retinopathy.

Kuvame Kangakanani Ukungaboni?

Ubumpumputhe buyinkinga yomhlaba wonke futhi bukhona emiphakathini yethu. Bungathinta noma ubani. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-43 emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa ubumpumputhe, kanti inani elikhulu kakhulu liphila nokungaboni kahle.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Eziyisixwayiso Zokulahlekelwa Umbono?

Uma ungaboni ngokuphelele, uphawu oluyinhloko ukulahlekelwa ukubona kokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umbono uqala ukuncipha, ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo eziyisixwayiso:

• Umbono ofiphele noma ofiphele.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo .
• Ukubona "ama-floater" (amachashazi amancane noma imicu ezulazula ensimini yakho yokubona) noma ukubona ukukhanya.
• Ukwanda kokuzwela ekukhanyeni (i-Photophobia).
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo noma ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama embonweni wakho.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, sicela uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo noma emtholampilo wamehlo oseduze nawe.

Yini Ebangela Ubumpumputhe?

Kunezimbangela eziningi zobumpumputhe, kusukela ekulimaleni kwamehlo ngengozi kuya ezifweni kanye nezimo zezempilo eziyisisekelo.

1. Ukulimala Kwamehlo / Ukulimala Kwamehlo

Ukulimala esweni kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi kuvame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kakhulu.

• Ukusha kwamakhemikhali okuvela ezintweni eziyingozi.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi .
• Izingxabano zomzimba.
• Izingozi ezihilela iziqhumane.
• Izingozi noma ukuwa emsebenzini.
• Izingozi zezimoto.
• Ukulimala okuhlobene nezemidlalo.

Lezi zigameko zingadala umonakalo omkhulu oholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela.

2. Ukutheleleka

Ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokubona noma ngisho nokungaboni ngokuphelele:

• I-Trachoma: Imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe obungavinjelwa emhlabeni jikelele.
• I-Cytomegalovirus ( igciwane ).
• I-Endophthalmitis ( i-Endophthalmitis ): Ukutheleleka okukhulu ngaphakathi kwenhlamvu yeso.
• I-Histoplasmosis.
• I-Keratitis: Ukutheleleka kwe-cornea, njenge-Acanthamoeba I-Keratitis.
• I-Rubella.
• Ama-shingles: Abangelwa yigciwane le-Herpes Zoster.
• I-Syphilis.
• I-Toxoplasmosis.
• I-Uveitis ( Uveitis ): Ukuvuvukala kwengqimba ephakathi yeso (uvea).

3. Izimo Zezokwelapha Ezingathelelani

Ngaphandle kokutheleleka, izifo ezahlukahlukene zesistimu zingaholela ebumpumputheni uma ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zingalashwa.

• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa: Leli yiqembu lezifo ezingavamile, ezihambisana nofuzo ezihilela ukuwohloka nokulahlekelwa amaseli ku-retina—izicubu ezizwela ukukhanya ezingemuva kweso. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, la maseli ayawohloka kancane kancane. Ungase uqale uqaphele ubunzima bokubona ebusuku, kulandelwe ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kombono wakho ongaphandle (ohlangothini).
• Ukuguga Okuhlobene Nokuguga Kwe-Macular Degeneration (AMD): Lesi simo sithinta i-macula, ingxenye encane ephakathi ye-retina yakho ebangela umbono obukhali, ophakathi. Uma yonakala, imisebenzi efana nokufunda noma ukubona ubuso iba nzima kakhulu, yize ungase ugcine umbono wakho ongaphandle.
• I-Retinopathy Yokukhula Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi (ROP): Lesi simo sivame ukuthinta izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Sibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ku-retina ikhule ngendlela engavamile, okungase kuholele ekulimaleni kwezibazi kanye nokulimala kwe-retina. Uma ingelashwa, ingalimaza kakhulu ukubona noma iholele ebumpumputheni.
• Ama-cataract: I-cataract yenzeka lapho ilensi yeso lakho iba namafu. Lokhu kwenza umbono wakho ungabonakali kahle futhi kunciphisa ukucaca. Uma ingelashwa, ama-cataract anzima angaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokubona noma ubumpumputhe, yize ngokuvamile elapheka kakhulu ngokuhlinzwa.
• I-Diabetic Retinopathy: Uma unesifo sikashukela, ushukela ophezulu egazini ungalimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi ku-retina yakho. Nakuba ungase ubone izinguquko ezincane zokubona ekuqaleni, lesi simo singaqhubekela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokubona noma ubumpumputhe uma singaphathwanga kahle.
• I-Glaucoma: Leli yiqembu lezimo ezilimaza inzwa yakho yokubona. Ngokuvamile iqala ngokulahlekelwa umbono ohlangothini futhi ingaqhubekela ekubeni yimpumputhe ngokuphelele uma ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso ingalawulwa.
• I-Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Lolu uhlobo lokulahlekelwa umbono oluzuzwe njengefa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kwenzeka kaningi kwabesilisa kunabesifazane, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
• I-Anophthalmia: Lesi yisimo esingavamile sokuzalwa lapho umntwana ezalwa engenalo ihlo elilodwa noma womabili.
• I-Microphthalmos: Lesi yisimo lapho iso elilodwa noma womabili eba mancane ngendlela engavamile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Lawa mehlo angase abe nokusebenza okulinganiselwe noma angasebenzi nhlobo.
• Isifo sohlangothi: Isifo sohlangothi esenzeka engxenyeni yobuchopho bakho ecubungula ukubona, njenge-occipital lobe, singabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono. Isifo sohlangothi siphazamisa ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi ebuchosheni, okubangela umonakalo ezikhungweni zokucubungula ukubona.
• Umdlavuza: Umdlavuza wamehlo njenge-retinoblastoma, noma izimila ezisesokeni leso (izimila ezijikeleza i-orbital), zingabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokubona noma ukulahlekelwa umbono.
• Ukuntuleka Kokudla Okunomsoco: Ukudla okungekuhle kungathinta ukubona kwakho. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A kuyimbangela eyinhloko, kodwa amehlo akho adinga namavithamini e-B ahlukahlukene kanye namaminerali abalulekile ukuze alondoloze impilo enhle.

Kuhlonzwa kanjani ubumpumputhe?

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okujulile kwamehlo womabili, njengoba ubumpumputhe ngezinye izikhathi bungathinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Snellen: Cishe ujwayelene nalokhu. Udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi ufunde izinhlamvu eshadini ukude, izinhlamvu ziba zincane kancane kancane. Lokhu kulinganisa ubukhali bakho bokubona, noma ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani phambili.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ebonakalayo: Insimu yakho ebonakalayo ihlanganisa okungaphezu nje kwalokho okuphambi kwakho ngqo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi ungabona okungakanani emaceleni, ngaphezulu, nangaphansi ngenkathi ugcina amehlo akho egxile endaweni ephakathi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokungaboni?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ngokuphelele embangela eyinhloko. Ezinye izimo zingaphathwa ngemithi noma amalensi okulungisa. Kodwa-ke, uma umonakalo umkhulu noma unomphela, udokotela wakho angakuthumela ukuze uvuselelwe ukubona. Umgomo walolu hlelo ukukusiza ukuthi wandise ukubona kwakho okusele futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlale uzimele. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuqeqeshwa kokubona okuphansi, ukwelashwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi akhethekile okubona okuphansi.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zamehlo:

Kuye ngembangela kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo, izinketho zifaka:

• Imithi: Izifo ezithile ezisongela ukubona zingelashwa ngemithi yokulwa nokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Cataract: Ezimweni eziningi, ama-cataract angelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa okuvamile.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-Corneal: Uma i-cornea yakho yonakele noma inezibazi, udokotela ohlinzayo angase akwazi ukwenza ukufakelwa ukuze abuyisele ukucaca.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Retinal: Amasu okuhlinzwa athuthukisiwe kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser ngokuvamile kungalungisa noma kuzinzise izicubu ze-retinal ezonakele.
• Izithasiselo Zamavithamini: Ukwengeza kungasiza ekubuyiseleni izinkinga zokubona ezibangelwa ukuntuleka, njenge-Xerophthalmia (ukuntuleka kwevithamini A) noma ezinye izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene namazinga aphansi evithamini B noma D.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuba yimpumputhe?

Nakuba ezinye izimbangela zobumpumputhe zingenakugwenywa, eziningi zingagwenywa.

Izinhlangano zezempilo zomhlaba wonke zisebenza ngenkuthalo ukuqeda ubumpumputhe obungavinjelwa obubangelwa yizimo ezifana ne-Trachoma ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholakala imithi nokunakekelwa.

Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo:

• Hlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo. Landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho mayelana nokuvama kokuhlolwa kwakho. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho noma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle, thintana nochwepheshe wamehlo ngokushesha.
• Gqoka izibuko zakho ezinqunyiwe noma amalensi okuxhumana njengoba kuqondiswe.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, gcina ushukela wakho egazini ulawulwa ngokuqinile. Futhi, lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngempumelelo.
• Gqoka izibuko zokuzivikela uma usebenza, ugibele isithuthuthu, noma udlala imidlalo yokuthintana. Ungakhohlwa ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze uvikeleke kuma-UV.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Cela udokotela wakho uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluhambisana nezidingo zakho zezempilo.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Hlala unolwazi ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho.
• Yeka ukubhema. Uma ungabhemi, ungalokothi uqale.
• Hlanza izandla zakho kahle ngama-contact lens. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngaphambi kokuzithinta ukuze ugweme izifo, futhi ulandele ngokuqinile uhlelo lokushintsha olunconywe ngumhlinzeki wakho.

Yini ongayilindela uma uphila nokulahlekelwa umbono?

Uma ubhekene nokulahlekelwa umbono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele, yazi ukuthi kunezinsiza ezitholakalayo zokukusekela. Ukuzifundisa ngesimo sakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile.

Ukulahlekelwa ukubona akukuthinti wena kuphela kodwa nomndeni wakho nabangane. Kungathinta ukuhamba kwakho, ukuzimela, umsebenzi, kanye nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa. Lokhu kulungiswa kungaba nzima kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo mayelana nezinsizakalo zokusekela namathuluzi angakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo engaboni kahle. Lezi zinsizakalo zingafaka:

• Ukusekelwa kwezemfundo.
• Ukwelulekwa ngempilo yengqondo.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe kanye namadivayisi okusiza.
• Ezinye izindlela zokuzijabulisa nezokuzilibazisa.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela ngezinkinga zokubona?

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo.
• Noma yikuphi ukulimala okuthinta umbono wakho.
• Ukuvela kokukhanya okusha noma ukwanda kwezinto ezintantayo ensimini yakho yokubona.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungokwemvelo ukuba nemibuzo eminingi lapho uxoxa ngempilo yamehlo akho. Ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho okulandelayo:

• Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okutholakalayo kokulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​ukubona?
• Ingabe ngingumuntu omele ukhetho lwanoma yiziphi izivivinyo zemitholampilo zamanje?
• Uma ukulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​kokubona kuyinto engapheli, yiziphi izinsizakalo zokusekela ezitholakalayo ukuze zingisize ngiphile impilo yansuku zonke?
• Ungancoma iqembu lokusekelana labantu ababhekana noshintsho lombono?

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuhlobene nokulahlekelwa umbono kungaba yinto engokomzwelo ngenxa yomthelela wayo obalulekile empilweni yakho. Ukubeka phambili izidingo zakho zokusekelwa ngokomzwelo nangokoqobo kubalulekile. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo eNirogi Lanka lilapha ukuphendula imibuzo yakho futhi linikeze amathuluzi owadingayo ukuze ulondoloze izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lempilo.

Isifinyezo kanye Nezinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

Nakuba ukukhubazeka kokubona kuyinkinga enkulu yezokwelapha, ukuqwashisa, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokufinyelela ngesikhathi ekunakekelweni okukhethekile kusalokhu kuyizinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni impilo yamehlo akho.

Khumbula, amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu, futhi kuningi ongakwenza ukuze uwavikele. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo , indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha lapho kuvela inkinga kubalulekile. Sicela ungazizwa ukhungathekile; namuhla, kunolwazi oluningi kanye nokusekelwa kochwepheshe okutholakalayo ukukusiza ukuthi udlule kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela.