Ubumpumputhe: Ingabe siyaqaphela lokhu?

Amehlo akho anjengezinto eziyigugu, akunjalo? Ubungazizwa kanjani uma kwenzeka okuthile kula mehlo amabili okusisiza sibone umhlaba? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko abantu abaningi abasisabayo, futhi sibaluleke kakhulu. Lokho ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele noma ingxenye, noma njengoba odokotela bekubiza kanjalo, ubumpumputhe. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo, kuba yisimo esiphuthumayo, futhi udinga ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kuyini ngempela ubumpumputhe? Yiziphi izinhlobo zabo?

Kalula nje, ubumpumputhe ukungakwazi ukubona noma yini. Abanye abantu bangase bangakwazi ngisho nokubona ukukhanya. Futhi, lo mbono ungase ungabuyiselwa ngisho nangezibuko, ama-contact lens, amaconsi amehlo, noma ukuhlinzwa. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zobumpumputhe.

1. Ubumpumputhe Obuncane / Ukubona Okuphansi

Kulesi simo, unombono othile. Awuboni nhlobo, kodwa umbono wakho mubi kakhulu kangangokuthi kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi bakubiza nangokuthi "umbono ophansi." Ungase ukwazi ukubona izinhlamvu ezinkulu kuphela, noma umbono wakho ungase ufiphale.

2. Ubumpumputhe Obuphelele

Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukubona lutho noma ukuzwa ukukhanya.

3. Ubumpumputhe Bokuzalwa

Ezinye izingane zizalwa zinokukhubazeka kokubona. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo zamehlo neze-retina ezizuzwe njengefa, noma ezinye izinkinga ezenzeka lapho zizalwa.

4. Ubumpumputhe Bezomthetho

Leli yigama lobuchwepheshe kancane. Kusho ukuthi noma ugqoka izibuko noma ama-contact lens esweni lakho elihle kakhulu, umbono wakho ophakathi uyancishiswa ube sezingeni elithile. Ukuze uqonde ngqo, ukuze ubone into umuntu angayibona ngokuvamile ekude ngamamitha angu-200, kuzodingeka usondele ngamamitha angaba ngu-20, noma into kuzodingeka ikhuliswe izikhathi eziyishumi. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi umbono we-'20/200' . Futhi, ungabhekwa njengoyimpumputhe ngokomthetho noma ngabe umbono wakho ongaphandle, okuyinani lombono ongawubona ezinhlangothini, ungaphansi kwama-degree angu-20.

5. Ukungaboni Kokudla Okunempilo

Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukuntuleka kweVithamini A. Uma ukuntuleka kweVithamini A kuqhubeka, ubuso bangaphambili beso bungalimaza. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(Xerophthalmia)`. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nombono ungancipha ebusuku noma ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi, ngoba amaseli ku-retina awasebenzi kahle.

Cabanga nje: yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuvikela amehlo ethu ngokunakekela ukudla kwethu neziphuzo zethu!

Ake sifunde kancane ngokungaboni imibala.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa "ngobumpumputhe bombala." Lokhu akufani ngempela nobumpumputhe esikhulume ngabo ekuqaleni. Kuyisimo lapho ubona khona imibala ngendlela ehlukile kunabanye abantu. Ungase ube nobunzima bokuhlukanisa imibala ethile. Lokhu kungazuzwa njengefa, noma kungakhula kamuva empilweni ngenxa yomonakalo ku-retina noma ku-optic nerve. Uma ubona kuphela okumnyama, okumhlophe, nokumpunga, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-achromatopsia.

Ubumpumputhe Obungavinjelwa

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubumpumputhe bubangelwa yisifo esingelapheka, kodwa umuntu akatholi ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungenxa yokungatholakali kokunakekelwa kwamehlo. Isibonelo, uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela engelashwa kahle, i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ingakhula futhi iholele ekulahlekelweni umbono. Ngokufanayo, uma umuntu onesifo somfutho wegazi engelashwa, i-retinopathy yesifo somfutho wegazi ingakhula.

Kuvame kangakanani ukuba yimpumputhe?

Eqinisweni, ubumpumputhe buyinto ebonakala emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nasezweni lethu. Kungenzeka kunoma ubani. Izibalo zithi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-43 emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa ubumpumputhe. Abantu abaningi kakhulu banenkinga yokubona kahle.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezandulela ubumpumputhe?

Kubo bonke ubumpumputhe, uphawu oluyinhloko ukungakwazi ukubona lutho nokungazwani nokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukubona kuncipha kancane kancane, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo .
• Ama-floaters kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-Photophobia).
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, noma ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha, kulungile?

Kungani lokhu kungaboni kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kunezimbangela eziningi zobumpumputhe. Ukulimala kwamehlo, izifo, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene konke kungaba nomthelela kukho.

1. Ukulimala Kwamehlo / Ukulimala Kwamehlo

Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene ukulimala kweso okungenzeka ngazo. Ngokuvamile, kuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

• Ukusha kwamakhemikhali .
• Izinto ezinobuthi emehlweni.
• Ukuxabana.
• Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nama-cracker.
• Izinto ezifana nezingozi kanye nokuwa emsebenzini.
• Izingozi zezimoto.
• Izingozi ngesikhathi udlala ezemidlalo.

Izinto ezinjengalezi zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono.

2. Izifo Nokungaboni

Ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene nakho kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nobumpumputhe.

• I-Trachoma: Lena imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe obungavinjelwa emhlabeni.
• I-Cytomegalovirus .
• I-Endophthalmitis : Ukutheleleka okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso.
• I-Histoplasmosis.
• I-Keratitis: Ukutheleleka kwe-cornea, isibonelo, i-Acanthamoeba I-Keratitis.
• I-Rubella.
• Ama-shingles: Isimo esibangelwa yigciwane le-herpes zoster.
• I-Syphilis.
• I-Toxoplasmosis.
• I-Uveitis : Ukuvuvukala kwengqimba ephakathi yeso (uvea).

3. Ezinye izifo ezingathelelani

Ubumpumputhe bungabangelwa nezinye izifo, ngaphandle kokutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifo, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu.

• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa: Leli yiqembu lezifo ezithinta amangqamuzana azwela ukukhanya ku-retina. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, lawa maseli ayabhujiswa kancane kancane. Okokuqala, umbono wasebusuku uyancishiswa, bese umbono ongaphandle uyalahleka.
• Ukuguga Okuhlobene Nokuguga Kwe-Macular Degeneration (AMD): Lokhu kuthinta i-macula, ingxenye ye-retina ebalulekile embonweni ophakathi. Lapho umbono ophakathi ulahleka kakhulu, izinto ezifana nokufunda izincwadi nokubona ubuso babantu ziba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, umbono ongaphandle uvame ukulondolozwa.
• I-Retinopathy Yokukhula Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi (ROP): Lokhu kubonakala kwezinye izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi . Imithambo yegazi emehlweni abo ikhula ngendlela engajwayelekile, okubangela ukwakheka kwezicubu zesilonda futhi kulimaze i-retina. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokubona ngisho nokungaboni.
• Ama-Cataracts: Ama-Cataracts abangelwa ukufiphala kwelensi yeso. Lokhu kubangela ukubona okufiphele kanye nokuncipha kokucaca. Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, kungaholela ebumpumputheni uma kuba kubi kakhulu.
• I-Retinopathy Yesifo Sikashukela:Lesi simo singase senzeke uma imithambo yegazi esweni yonakele kumuntu onesifo sikashukela. Ekuqaleni, ukubona kungase kunciphe kancane, kodwa uma lesi sifo siqhubeka noma singalashwa, singaholela ekubeni yimpumputhe.
• I-Glaucoma: Lesi yisimo lapho inzwa yokubona ilimele khona. Ekuqaleni, ukubona emehlweni womabili kuqala ukwehla, futhi njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ubumpumputhe bungaba khona.
• I-Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Lesi yisifo sokulahlekelwa umbono esidluliselwa ngofuzo, esiqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, sithinta abafana kakhulu kunamantombazane.
• I-Anophthalmia: Kulesi simo, iso elilodwa noma womabili awekho kusukela ekuzalweni.
• I-Microphthalmos: Lesi yisimo lapho amehlo ezalwa emancane kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa mehlo amancane awasebenzi kahle, noma awasebenzi nhlobo.
• Isifo sohlangothi: Isifo sohlangothi singabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono uma ingxenye yobuchopho ehilelekile ekuboneni, njenge-occipital lobe, yonakele. Ngesikhathi sesifo sohlangothi, ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni kuyancishiswa noma kunqanyulwe ngokuphelele.
• Umdlavuza: Umdlavuza wamehlo njenge-retinoblastoma noma izimila ze-orbital nazo zingabangela ubumpumputhe.
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo: Imikhuba emibi yokudla ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono. Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A kungenye yezimbangela. Ivithamini B kanye namanye amaminerali nawo ayadingeka ukuze kube nombono onempilo.

Ungabubona kanjani ubumpumputhe?

Udokotela uzohlola ngokucophelela amehlo akho womabili, njengoba ubumpumputhe bungathinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Snellen: Ungase ujwayelene nalokhu. Udokotela ukucela ukuthi ubheke ibhodi elinezinhlamvu bese ufunda imigqa yezinhlamvu ezincipha kancane kancane. Lokhu kulinganisa umbono wakho ophakathi, okuyikhono lakho lokubona.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ebonakalayo: Insimu ebonakalayo ayigcini nje ngalokho ongakubona ngqo phambili. Ilinganisa ukuthi ungabona okungakanani emaceleni, ngaphezulu, nangaphansi ngaphandle kokuhambisa amehlo akho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ubumpumputhe?

Uhlobo lokwelashwa olutholayo luzoncika esimweni sakho. Ezinye izinhlobo zobumpumputhe zingalawulwa ngemithi noma ngezibuko. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo, njengokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele noma ukulimala okuphelele kweso, azinakwelashwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angakuthumela ekuvuselelweni kokubona. Umgomo uwukukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ekuboneni kwakho okusele futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, ukwelashwa, kanye namadivayisi angaboni kahle.

Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezahlukahlukene zobumpumputhe:

Ezinye izimo zobumpumputhe zinezindlela zokwelapha kuye ngokuthi imbangela kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo esweni.

• Imithi: Amanye amacala obumpumputhe obubangelwa ukutheleleka angelashwa ngemithi yokulwa nokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Cataract: Ezimweni eziningi, ama-cataract angelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-Corneal: Udokotela angafakela i-cornea entsha ukuze athathe indawo ye-cornea eyonakele.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Retinal: Ukuhlinzwa kanye/noma ukwelashwa nge-laser kungase kukwazi ukulungisa izicubu ze-retinal ezonakele.
• Izithasiselo Zamavithamini: Ukuthatha i-vitamin A kungasiza ekulungiseni ezinye zezinkinga zokubona ezibangelwa yi-xerophthalmia. Izinkinga zokubona ezibangelwa imikhuba emibi yokudla zingadinga izithasiselo ze-vitamin B noma i-vitamin D.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yobumpumputhe?

Ezinye izinhlobo zobumpumputhe azinakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ubumpumputhe obuningi bungavinjelwa. Abanye ohulumeni nezinhlangano basebenza ukuvimba ubumpumputhe obubangelwa izifo ezingavinjelwa, njenge-trachoma. Benza imithi itholakale kabanzi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yobumpumputhe obuyingxenye noma obuphelele:

• Hlola amehlo akho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki. Njalo bonana nodokotela wamehlo uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho noma ubona noma yini engavamile emehlweni akho.
• Sebenzisa izibuko zakho nama-contact lens kahle uma kudingeka.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, lawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Uma unesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme, lawula nalokho.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela uma usebenza, ugibele isithuthuthu, noma udlala imidlalo yokuthintana. Ungakhohlwa ukugqoka izibuko zelanga.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
• Zivocavoce ngokwanele. Buza udokotela wakho ngohlelo lokuzivocavoca olukufanele.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Qaphela izinkinga zempilo zomndeni wakho.
• Uma ubhema, yeka, noma ungaqali.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo uma ugqoka ama-contact lens ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwamehlo. Futhi, landela imiyalelo yokuthi kufanele uzishintshe kangaki.

Yini ongayilindela uma uphila nobumpumputhe?

Uma uyimpumputhe ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye, kunezindlela ongakhetha kuzo ukuthola usizo. Ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesimo sakho kungakusiza. Ukuphila nobumpumputhe kuthinta impilo yakho kanye neyomndeni wakho nabangane. Kuthinta indlela ohamba ngayo, indlela ozinakekela ngayo, indlela onakekela ngayo abanye, umsebenzi wakho - ngisho nendlela ophumula ngayo futhi ujabule ngayo. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zingaba zimbi kakhulu kubantu abadala. Buza udokotela wakho wamehlo ngezindlela zokukusiza uphile nombono ophansi noma ungaboni nhlobo, noma ngezinsizakalo ezingakusiza. Lezi zinsizakalo zingafaka:

• Imfundo.
• Ukusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe.
• Izinketho zezinto zokuzilibazisa.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela ngezinkinga zokubona?

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma ulahlekelwa ukubona ngokuzumayo.
• Uma unesifo samehlo .
• Uma kwenzeka ingozi ethinta umbono wakho.
• Uma uqala ukubona ukukhanya noma izinto ezintsha zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uzoba nemibuzo eminingi okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ingabe lobu bumpumputhe bungelashwa?
• Ingabe ngiyafaneleka ukuhlanganyela ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo?
• Uma lobu bumpumputhe bungelapheki, yiziphi izinsizakalo engizozidinga?
• Ungancoma iqembu lokusekelana?

Ukuzwa ukuxilongwa kobumpumputhe kungaba yinto ethinta imizwa kakhulu, uma ubheka umthelela okunayo empilweni yakho. Kubalulekile futhi kuyasebenza ukuthola lonke usekelo oludingayo. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo likhona ukuze liphendule imibuzo yakho futhi likunikeze amathuluzi owadingayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokuphila.

Isifinyezo nezinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, nakuba ubumpumputhe buyisimo esibucayi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela, ukuqaphela kusenesikhathi, nokufuna ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Khumbula, amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu. Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uwavikele. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo , indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kusenesikhathi uma ubona noma yiziphi izinkinga kuyisihluthulelo. Ungakhathazeki, ungathola ukwesekwa nolwazi oludingayo ukuze ubhekane nanoma yini kulezi zinsuku.