Ingabe futhi uvame ukuthimula ? Impumulo egobhozayo? Noma ingabe amehlo akho abomvu futhi ayaluma? Ngezinye izikhathi lezi akuzona izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Zingaba futhi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba. Abantu abaningi ezweni lethu bahlushwa yilezi zimo zokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini lezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba, ukuthi kungani zenzeka, nokuthi yini engenziwa ngazo.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kungezwani komzimba?
Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengezwe elivikelwe kahle. Amasosha omzimba alelo zwe yibutho. Umsebenzi oyinhloko waleli butho ukulwa nezitha eziyingozi, njengama-virus namagciwane, angena emzimbeni asivikele ezifweni.
Kodwa-ke, amasosha omzimba abanye abantu azwela kakhulu. "Ibutho" labo libona ngephutha ngisho nezinto ezingenangozi, ezivamile njengesitha esikhulu. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nempova evela ezimbalini, uthuli, uboya bekati, kanye nokudla okuthile. Lokhu kusabela okungafuneki komzimba ezintweni ezinjalo ezingenangozi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukungezwani komzimba. Sibiza into ebangela lokhu kusabela emzimbeni ngokuthi i-allergen .
Uma umzimba ucabanga ukuthi le allergen iyisitha, udala uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi i-antibody ukuze lulwe nayo. Bese kuthi, uma usuphinde wavezwa kuleyo allergen, umzimba ukhipha amakhemikhali afana ne -histamine . Lawo makhemikhali yiwona abangela izimpawu ezifana namaqhubu, amehlo nekhala elilumayo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula .
Nakuba izimpawu eziningi zokungezwani komzimba zincane, kwezinye izimo lokhu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo esiyingozi kakhulu, esisongela ngisho nokuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis .
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-allergen?
Kunezinto eziningi ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa nansi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.
| Uhlobo lwe-allergen | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezisemoyeni | Uthuli, impova evela ezihlahleni nasezimbalini, isikhunta, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezinhlayiya zesikhumba. |
| Izitsha | Ubisi, amaqanda, amakinati, amantongomane ezihlahla, isoya, ukolweni, ukudla kwasolwandle njengezinhlanzi kanye ne-shellfish. |
| Izinambuzane | Ukulunywa yizilwane ezifana nezinyosi, iminyovu, namaphela. |
| Imithi (izidakamizwa) | Ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin, ama-painkiller afana ne-aspirin kanye ne-ibuprofen. |
| Ezinye izinto | I-Latex, ezinye izinsimbi. |
Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba?
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi yini onayo i-allergy nokuthi ingena kanjani emzimbeni.
Izimpawu ezihlobene nekhala namehlo (njengokungezwani komzimba ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka)
Lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu.
- Ukuchama njalo.
- Ukuminyana kwamakhala noma ikhala eligobhozayo .
- Amehlo alumayo, ikhala, umphimbo.
- Ukubomvu nokudabuka kwamehlo.
Ukungezwani Nesikhumba
- Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba (ama-Hives noma ama-Rash).
- Ukubomvu kwesikhumba nokulunywa.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba.
- Isikhumba siba some futhi sibe nezikhwebu.
Ukungezwani Nokudla
Uma une-allergy ekudleni, izimpawu zingavela ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Ukuhlanza kanye nobuhlungu besisu.
- Uhudo.
- Ukulimala kwesikhumba.
- Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi, noma ubuso.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba.
Icala elibi kakhulu: i-Anaphylaxis
Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Izimpawu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kulezi ezingenhla zingase zenzeke ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukugwinya ngenxa yokuvuvukala komphimbo nolimi.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuzungeza okukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Uma wena noma omunye umuntu ebonisa izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis, myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani komzimba?
Uma usola ukuthi une-allergy, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela wakho. Uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho one-allergy noma i-asthma. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kudingeka, ungathunyelwa kudokotela we-allergy.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukungezwani komzimba:
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlatshwa Kwesikhumba: Lolu ukuhlolwa oluvame kakhulu. Lapha, inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen okusolwayo libekwa esikhumbeni sesandla sakho bese kwenziwa inaliti encane. Phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15-20, uma uzwela i-allergen, indawo izoba bomvu kancane futhi ivuvuke, njengokungathi ulunywe umiyane. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukunikeza imiphumela esheshayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Kwabanye abantu abangakwazi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba (isib., uma benesifo sesikhumba noma bethatha imithi ethile), udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho nokulinganisa inani lama-antibodies kulo.
Uma unesifo sokungezwani nokudla, ungase welulekwe ukuthi ulandele ukudla okunciphisa ukudla . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele unciphise ukudla okusolisayo isikhathi esithile bese ubona ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyathuthuka yini. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela .
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-allergies?
Kunemigomo emithathu eyinhloko lapho welapha ukungezwani komzimba: ukugwema i-allergen, ukulawula izimpawu, nokunciphisa ukusabela komzimba.
1. Ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba
Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu nesokuqala.
- Uma une-allergy yothuli: Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile. Geza amashidi akho ombhede kanye nama-pillowcases njalo ngamanzi ashisayo.
- Uma une-allergy ye-pollen: Nciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho ku-pollen ngezikhathi zomsebenzi omatasa kakhulu (ekuseni kakhulu). Geza umzimba wakho ngemva kokubuya ngaphandle.
- Uma une-allergy yokudla: Yazi kahle ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okubangela i-allergy futhi ukugweme ngokuphelele. Funda ilebula ngokucophelela lapho uthenga ukudla esitolo.
2. Imithi yokulawula izimpawu
Udokotela uzokunikeza imithi efanele izimpawu zakho.
- Ama-Antihistamine: Lawa asetshenziswa kakhulu. Alawula izimpawu ezifana nokulunywa, ukuqunjelwa, nokuthimula. Atholakala njengamaphilisi, ama-syrup, kanye nezifutho zamakhala.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa eza ngesimo sokufutha kwamakhala futhi ayasiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukuminyana kwamakhala nokuvuvukala.
- Ama-Decongestant: Lawa asetshenziswa njengesixazululo sesikhashana sokuminyana kwamakhala.
- Isijovo Esizenzakalelayo se-Epinephrine:Lokhu kunqunyelwe abantu abane-allergies enzima (i-anaphylaxis). Lona umuthi osindisa impilo okufanele usetshenziswe ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Uma unqunyelwe omunye walaba, kubalulekile ukuwugcina nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi .
3. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Uma unesifo sokungezwani komzimba esibi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kwelashwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba wakho imithamo emincane kakhulu yesifo sokungezwani komzimba osizwa yiso isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenziwa njengomjovo (i-Allergy Shots) noma njengephilisi elibekwa ngaphansi kolimi (i-Sublingual Immunotherapy - SLIT). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusabela komzimba wakho ku-allergen kuyehla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukungezwani komzimba kuyindlela engafuneki amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngayo entweni engeyona ingozi.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, ikhala elilumayo namehlo, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba kuyizimpawu ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula nokuvuvukala komphimbo, kuba yisimo esiphuthumayo (i-anaphylaxis).
- Uma usola ukuthi une-allergy, bona udokotela ukuze akuqinisekise. Gwema ukuzihlola wena kanye nokuzelapha.
- Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukuhlonza ukuthi yini onayo i-allergy (i-allergen) bese uyigwema.
- Phuza imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo ngqo, isikhathi esinqunyiwe. Uma une-allergy enkulu, hlala ugcina imithi ephuthumayo (njenge-epinephrine) eduze.
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