Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona ku-movie noma ohlelweni lwe-TV, umuntu elele embhedeni, engazi lutho, enganyakazi. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi " i-coma ". Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kufana nokulala ubuthongo obukhulu. Kodwa empeleni, i-coma iyisimo sezokwelapha esihlukile kakhulu futhi esibucayi kakhulu. Kulokhu, noma umuntu esaphila, ayikho indlela yokumvusa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze siphendule imibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho, ake sixoxe ngale-coma namuhla.

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Kalula nje, kuyini i-coma?

Cabanga ngomuntu okwi-coma njengofana ne-TV evuliwe kodwa engenazo iziteshi. I-TV ivuliwe, izibani zivuliwe, kodwa akukho lutho esikrinini. Ngokufanayo, umuntu okwi-coma inhliziyo yakhe ishaya, ukuphefumula, kanye nezinqubo zomzimba zangaphakathi ziyaqhubeka, kodwa ubuchopho bakhe abunawo uxhumano nomhlaba wangaphandle.

Kalula nje, i-coma yisimo sokungazi lutho isikhathi eside . Ihluke kakhulu ebuthongweni obujulile. Singamvusa umuntu ebuthongweni obujulile ngokwenza umsindo noma ukumthinta emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, umuntu okwi-coma akanakuvuswa ngisho nangokumzwisa ubuhlungu. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukulimala okukhulu ebuchosheni.

Yini ebangela ukuthi umuntu abe yi-coma?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-coma ukulimala kobuchopho. Lo monakalo ungaba ngezindlela eziningi. Omunye umonakalo ungowesikhashana futhi ungelashwa . Kodwa omunye umonakalo uhlala unomphela futhi ungaholela ngisho nasekufeni. Ngaphezu kwama-50% ama-coma abangelwa ukulimala ekhanda kanye nezinkinga ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko.

Isizathu	Incazelo elula
Ukulimala ekhanda (Ukuhlukumezeka)	Uma ushayeka ekhanda engozini, ubuchopho bakho bungavuvukala noma buphume igazi. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungacindezela ubuchopho futhi kulimaze ingxenye yobuchopho elawula ukwazi (i-Reticular Activating System - RAS).
Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obungenaso I-Anoxia	Umoya-mpilo ubalulekile ebuchosheni. Uma ubuchopho buntula umoya-mpilo imizuzu embalwa, kungaba ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuminza, noma ukuklinywa, amangqamuzana obuchopho aqala ukufa.
Isifo sohlangothi	I-coma ingenzeka uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni enkulu yobuchopho kuyeka noma lapho ubuchopho buvuvukala ngenxa yokopha.
Ushukela Ogazini	Amazinga kashukela aphezulu egazini angalawulwa (i-hyperglycemia) noma amazinga kashukela aphansi egazini (i-hypoglycemia) angabangela i-coma ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuvame ukuxazululeka uma amazinga kashukela egazini eselawulwa.
Izifo	Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho noma uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis, zingabangela ubuchopho ukuba buvuvuke futhi bubangele i-coma.
Ubuthi	Isifo sesibindi noma sezinso singadala ubuthi (isib. i-ammonia, i-urea) okufanele bususwe emzimbeni ukuze buqoqeke emzimbeni futhi bulimaze ubuchopho. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala nakho kungaba yimbangela.
Isithuthwane/ Ukuquleka	Uma une -seizures eqhubekayo nengapheli (Status Epilepticus), ubuchopho abunaso isikhathi sokululama phakathi ne-seizures . Lokhu kungaholela nasekufeni.

Uyibona kanjani i-coma?

Odokotela kuphela abanganquma ukuthi umuntu uqulekile noma usekwi-coma. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthola imbangela.

Odokotela bahlola lezi zinto:

Izinga lempendulo:Siyabona ukuthi bayasabela yini lapho kubizwa igama labo, lapho beshaywa emzimbeni, noma lapho bebangela ubuhlungu obuncane (isib., ukucindezela umunwe).
Izimpendulo zamehlo: Uma uvula amehlo akho bese uwakhanyisa, uyabona ukuthi umfundi uba mncane yini.
Indlela yokuphefumula: Hlola ukuthi ukuphefumula akujwayelekile, kuyashesha, noma kuhamba kancane.
Ukuma komzimba: Hlola ukuthi amalungu omzimba agobile noma aqinile ngendlela engavamile.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza umndeni ngalokho okwenzekile ngaphambi kwesigameko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo, kanye nokuhlolwa okufana ne-CT scan noma i-MRI scan ukuhlola isimo sobuchopho.

Odokotela basebenzisa isikali esikhethekile ukukala lesi simo. Sibizwa ngokuthi iGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) . Sinquma izinga lokungazi lutho ngokunikeza amaphuzu ezintweni ezifana nokuvula amehlo, ukunyakaza, kanye nokukhuluma . Uma amaphuzu ephansi, kulapho isimo siba sibi kakhulu khona.

Uphatha kanjani i-coma?

I-coma iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma ubona umuntu elahlekelwa ingqondo noma elahlekelwa ingqondo, shayela u-911 ngokushesha bese uthola i-ambulensi. Ukumyisa esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi i-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU), ngokushesha okukhulu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukulimala kobuchopho.

Esibhedlela, ukwelashwa kunqunywa yimbangela ye-coma.

Ukwelapha imbangela: Uma kuyisifo, kunikezwa ama-antibiotic . Uma ubuchopho buvuvukele, kunikezwa imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Uma kukhona ukopha noma isimila ebuchosheni, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Uma kungenxa yesifo sikashukela, amazinga kashukela egazini ayalawulwa.
Ukusekelwa Kokuphila: Iziguli ezikwi-coma zivame ukunakekelwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) . Uma zinenkinga yokuphefumula zodwa, zixhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula .
Ukunakekelwa Okusekelayo: Uma isiguli sikwi-coma, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga ukuthi zingaveli.
Ukudla Okunomsoco: Ngenxa yokuthi akakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza, unikezwa ukudla okumanzi ngepayipi lokuncelisa.
Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba: Izilonda zombhede zingavela ngokuhlala endaweni efanayo. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, phendula isiguli njalo emahoreni ambalwa.
Imisipha namalunga:Ukuntuleka kokunyakaza kungabangela imisipha ukuba iqine futhi amalunga aqine. Ukuze kumiswe lokhu, odokotela be-physiotherapists bayafika bakusize ukunyakaza kwamalungu akho.

Ungakwazi yini ukuthola ulwazi olusha ngemuva kokuquleka?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Ukululama ekukhubazekeni kuncike embangela, ubude besikhathi ekukhubazekeni, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.

Akuvamile ukuzithola uvula amehlo akho ngokuzumayo bese ubuza, "Ngikuphi?" njengakuma-movie. Ukululama kuyinqubo ehamba kancane kakhulu, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Ngokuvamile, lapho isiguli siqala ukuphaphama, siqala ukusabela emisindweni noma ebuhlungwini. Bese, sivula amehlo kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuphaphama, abantu abaningi bangase badideke futhi bakhathazeke . Bangase futhi baziphathe ngendlela ehlukile kunangaphambili. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo yokuphulukiswa. Kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukululama ngokuphelele. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhubazeka okungapheli. Bangase badinge izinsizakalo zokuvuselela njengokwelashwa ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi ukuze babuyele esimweni esijwayelekile.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Coma akuyona ubuthongo obujulile, iyisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha esibangelwa umonakalo omkhulu ebuchosheni.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuphefumula futhi akakwazi ukuvuselelwa, kufanele kubhekwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo futhi u-1990 kufanele abizwe ngokushesha bese eyiswa e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) .
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko ye-coma nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo.
Ukululama ekukhubazekeni kuyinqubo ehamba kancane , futhi ukusekelwa komndeni kanye nethimba lezokwelapha kubalulekile.
Xoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho ngesimo somuntu omthandayo nodokotela wakho . Ungathembeli kuphela kulokho okuzwa ku-inthanethi noma kwabanye.