Izinhliziyo zethu zifana nezinjini ezincane ezisebenza ngokungayeki, akunjalo? Kodwa asicabangi kakhulu ngeminyango emincane ngaphakathi kwale njini, 'ama-valve'. Uma la ma-valve engasebenzi kahle, angathinta umzimba wethu wonke. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isifo sama-valve enhliziyo. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizoxoxa ngakho konke kalula nangendlela enobungane.
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Kalula nje, iyini ivalvu yenhliziyo?
Cabanga ukuthi kuneminyango endlini yakho evuleka ngendlela eyodwa kuphela. Ama-valve enhliziyweni yakho anjalo. Inhliziyo yethu inezindawo ezine eziyinhloko. Lawa ma-valve atholakala phakathi kwala magumbi naphakathi kwemithambo emikhulu ethwala igazi liphuma enhliziyweni. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho inhliziyo ishaya, lawa ma-valve ayavuleka futhi avaleke, esiza igazi ukuba ligeleze ngendlela efanayo, ncamashi.
Kunezivalo ezine eziyinhloko enhliziyweni yethu:
- I-Tricuspid Valve: Phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
- Ivalvu yamaphaphu : Phakathi kwe-ventricle yesokudla nomthambo wamaphaphu .
- I-valve ye-mitral: Phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesobunxele .
- I-valve ye-aortic: Phakathi kwe-ventricle yesobunxele nomthambo omkhulu (i-aorta) othwala igazi emzimbeni.
Izinkinga ziqala lapho amapheshana noma izimbotshana ezithambile kulezi valve zingavuli futhi zingavaleki kahle.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo?
Le mibuzo ingabuzwa ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. I-Stenosis: Lokhu kuwukuncipha noma ukuncishiswa kwevalvu. Kufana nomnyango ongavuleki ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo kudingeke isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukuze ipompe igazi liye phambili.
2. Ukubuyela emuva: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ivalvu ivuza . Kufana nomnyango ongakwazi ukuvala kahle futhi ovuleke kancane. Bese kuthi elinye igazi okufanele ngabe liya phambili livuza libuyele emuva. Lokhu kwenza nenhliziyo isebenze kanzima. Imbangela evame kakhulu yalokhu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Mitral Valve Prolapse .
3. I-Atresia: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi i-valve ayikho lapho kuzalwa . Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisici sokuzalwa.
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Izimbangela ezahlukahlukene zingaba nomthelela esifweni se-valve yenhliziyo.
- Amaphutha okuzalwa nawo:Abanye abantu bazalwa benesici se-valve esinjengalesi.
- Umkhuhlane Wesihlungu Samalunga : Uma umphimbo obuhlungu ungelashwa kahle ebuntwaneni, kamuva ungaholela ekulimaleni kwama-valve enhliziyo. Lokhu kuyimbangela evamile ezweni lakithi.
- I-Endocarditis: Ukutheleleka okukhulu okungena egazini futhi kulimaze ulwelwesi lwenhliziyo nama-valve ayo. Izinto ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngemithambo yegazi zandisa ingozi yalokhu.
- Ezinye izifo zenhliziyo: Izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme , ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nokufakwa kwamafutha emithanjeni emikhulu yegazi (i-atherosclerosis) kungalimaza ama-valve.
- Ukuguga: Njengoba siguga, ama-calcium deposit anganqwabelana kuma-valve, okwenza aqine futhi angasebenzi kahle.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izifo ezihlasela umzimba njenge-lupus kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza nazo ngezinye izikhathi zingathinteka.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Ezimweni eziningi, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ezibonakala zingase zinganakwa njengokuguga okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isiguli | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Abantu abadala |
|
| Izinsana nezingane ezincane |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukungabikho kwezimpawu akusho ukuthi lesi sifo asisibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha uma kunezici eziyingozi.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela wakho uzolandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze athole lesi sifo.
1. Ukukhuluma ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha: Ukubuza ngokungakhululeki okuzwayo nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezifo ezifanayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Inhliziyo yakho izolalelwa nge-stethoscope. Uma ama-valve evuza noma ebhajwe, umsindo ohlukile obizwa ngokuthi 'ukububula' ungezwakala.
3. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile:
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu noluvamile. Lufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Lungabona ngokucacile ukuma kwama-valve, ukusebenza kwawo, kanye nendlela igazi eligeleza ngayo.
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo ukuze kubhekwe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ekushayweni kwenhliziyo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo ikhuphukile yini kanye noketshezi emaphashini.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani ngesikhathi uzivocavoca (uhamba nge-treadmill).
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nobunzima besifo.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
Okokuqala, udokotela uzokweluleka ukuthi uphile impilo enempilo.
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
- Gwema ngokuphelele ukubhema.
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
- Ukulawula isisindo.
- Ukuphathwa kokucindezeleka.
Imithi
Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi ehlukahlukene yokulawula izimpawu nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni yakho.
- Ama-diuretics: Siwabiza ngokuthi “amaphilisi amanzi.” Asusa amanzi angaphezulu emzimbeni futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala.
- Ama-Beta-blocker:Ilawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Ama-inhibitor e-enzyme aguqula i-angiotensin (i-ACE inhibitors): Yehlisa umthwalo womsebenzi enhliziyweni.
- Ama-Anticoagulant: Aziwa nangokuthi "ama-blood thinner," avimbela igazi ukuthi lingaqini.
Ukuhlinzwa Nezinqubo
Uma lesi simo singenakulawuleka ngemithi kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa.
1. Ukulungiswa Kwevalvu: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, odokotela bazama ukulungisa ivalvu ekhona. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza lokhu, njenge-"Valvuloplasty".
2. Ukushintsha Amavalvu: Uma ukulungiswa kungenzeki, ivalvu iyasuswa bese kufakwa ivalvu yokwenziwa endaweni yayo.
| Uhlobo lwevalvu | Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi |
|---|---|
| Ivalvu Yomshini (Yenziwe ngensimbi) | Inzuzo: Ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi. Ububi: Kufanele uthathe imithi yokuvimbela ukugabha kwegazi impilo yakho yonke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amahlule egazi angakheka ku-valve futhi abangele isifo sohlangothi. |
| I-Valve Yezinto Eziphilayo (Kwenziwe ngezicubu zezilwane) | Inzuzo: Abantu abaningi akudingeki baphuze imithi yokunciphisa igazi impilo yabo yonke. Ububi: Ayihlali isikhathi eside njengama-valve omshini. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ishintshwe futhi eminyakeni engaba yi-10-15. |
Udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo bazoxoxa nawe ngokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo siyisimo esibi kakhulu, kodwa esilawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele .
- Izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhathala njalo, nokuvuvukala kwemilenzeUngalokothi ukushaye indiva. Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho bese uthola ukuhlolwa njalo. Ungayeki ukuhlolwa ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu.
- Thatha umuthi onikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Uma ubona omunye udokotela noma udokotela wamazinyo, qiniseka ukuthi uyabazisa ukuthi unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo.
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