Ake sifunde ngamaphaphu agcwele kakhulu.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, ukuqina esifubeni sakho, noma uzizwa ukhathele njalo? Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu ukuthi amaphaphu akho agcwele ngokweqile, odokotela ababiza ngokuthi (ama-Hyperinflated Lungs) . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa futhi namuhla.

Ayini amaphaphu agcwele kakhulu?

Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho amapayipi amancane (izindlela zomoya) emaphashini akho avumela umoya uphume evalekile. Khona-ke, uma uphefumula, akuwona wonke lowo moya ongaphuma. Kanye nalowo moya, i-mucus emaphashini akho nayo iyabanjwa. Cabanga ngakho njengokufutha umoya ungene ebhaluni bese ugcwala, kodwa uma umoya omncane uvalelwa ngaphakathi, ugcwala kakhulu, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzeka emaphashini akho.

Uma umoya kanye ne-mucus kubhajwa emaphashini ngale ndlela, kuba nzima ukuphefumula, futhi amaphaphu aba makhulu kunalokho okufanele abe yikho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungalimaza amaphaphu, kuthinte inhliziyo, futhi kuvimbele umzimba ekutholeni umoya-mpilo owanele . Ngakho-ke, lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile.

Udokotela angakuhlola futhi enze izivivinyo ezifana ne-X-ray ukuze anqume ukuthi unalesi simo. Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kufaka phakathi ama-inhaler, ama-nebulizer , izivivinyo ezikhethekile zokuphefumula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuhlinzwa.

Kungani amaphaphu evuvukala kanje? Ziyini izimbangela?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuvuvukala ngokweqile kwamaphaphu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-COPD , noma i-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . Lesi akusona isifo esisodwa, kodwa inhlanganisela yezifo eziningana ezihlobene namaphaphu. Ezimbili eziyinhloko yilezi:

1.I-Bronchitis Engapheli: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-bronchi , noma izindlela zomoya, emaphashini akho zivuvukala futhi zivuvukala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kubangela isikhala esincane ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Kubangela nokuthi kuqongelele amafinyila amaningi.

2. I-Emphysema : Yilapho izikhwama zomoya ezithambile emaphashini zilimala futhi zonakala unomphela. Lezi zikhwama yizo ezisisiza ukuthi sithathe umoya-mpilo futhi sikhiphe i-carbon dioxide. Uma zonakele, umoya awukwazi ukungena nokuphuma kahle, bese ubhajwa ngaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwe-COPD, ezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezithinta indlela ophefumula ngayo (ukukhipha umoya) nazo zingabangela amaphaphu akho ukuba avuvuke ngale ndlela. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-asthma : Uyazi ukuthi uma une-asthma, kunzima ukuphefumula. Lesi simo singavela futhi ngoba imigudu yomoya ivalekile.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Kulesi simo, ulwelwesi emaphashini luba lujiyile kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Kulesi simo, imigudu yomoya ivuleka unomphela, okubangela ukuthi amafinyila aqongelelane futhi kuholele ekuthelelekeni.
• I-Bronchiolitis: Lesi yisifo esivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane futhi sihilela ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya emincane kakhulu emaphashini.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abane-COPD. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-15-20 e-United States baphila ne-COPD. Kodwa-ke, azikho izibalo eziqondile zokuthi bangaki abantu abanalokhu kuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile phakathi kweziguli ezine-COPD.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu zokwanda kwe-inflation yamaphaphu zifana nalezo ezitholwa abantu abanesifo samaphaphu esijwayelekile. Lezi zifaka:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya : Ukuphelelwa umoya kwenzeka ngisho nangemva kokuhamba kancane noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nokuma nje kungakwenza uzizwe uphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuphefumula okungajulile:Kunzima ukuphefumula ngokujulile bese ukudedela, uphefumula kancane kancane.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi, untula amandla: Ukuzizwa sengathi awunawo amandla okwenza noma yini, uzizwa ukhathele njalo.
• Ukuminyana kwesifuba: Isifuba sizwakala sengathi kukhona okubhajwe ngaphakathi, sengathi sigcwele amafinyila.

Ungase ube nalezi zimpawu ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya futhi ukhathele ngisho nalapho wenza imisebenzi evamile yansuku zonke. Cabanga ukuthi kungaba nzima kangakanani ukwenza ngisho nomsebenzi omncane wasekhaya noma ukuya esitolo.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu?

Abantu abanezifo ezithile zokuphefumula kanye namaphaphu basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo, njengoba lezi zifo zaziwa ukuthi zibangela lesi simo. Isibonelo, abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-COPD, i-asthma, kanye ne-emphysema basengozini enkulu.

Ukubhema kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi salokhu. Ukubhema kulimaza ngqo amaphaphu, okungaholela ezifweni ezifana ne-COPD, okungaholela ekuvuvukeni kwamaphaphu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziyingozi zofuzo. Isibonelo ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin . Lesi yisimo sofuzo esingabangela i-emphysema kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu ezingase zivele ngenxa yokufutha ngokweqile kwamaphaphu ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni . Khumbula, inhliziyo itholakala phakathi kwamaphaphu. Uma amaphaphu efutha ngokweqile, ingacindezela inhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kucindezela kungabangela ushintsho endleleni inhliziyo yakho epompa ngayo igazi emaphashini. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi kunciphise izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kungaba ukuphazamiseka okukhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungenza kube nzima ukwenza ngisho nemisebenzi eyisisekelo kakhulu, kunciphise izinga lempilo yakho.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu, bese ekuxilonga. Uzolalela amaphaphu akho kanye nenhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope bese ekucela ukuthi uphefumule ngokujulile. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ungase uqaphele ukuthi isifuba sakho siyaphakama futhi sehla njengoba uphefumula.

Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze abone ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kanjani. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe zamaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho esifubeni sakho. Kungakunikeza umbono wokuthi amaphaphu akho avuvukele kakhulu yini.
• I-CT scan (i-computerized tomography (CT) scan): Lokhu kungaveza isithombe esicacile nesiningiliziwe samaphaphu nenhliziyo kune-X-ray.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu (ama-PFT): Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho anawo umoya ongakanani nokuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho ojwayelekile angakudlulisela kudokotela ochwepheshe bezifo zokuphefumula, isazi sezifo zamaphaphu .

Ingabe lokhu kuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kuyisimo esibi kakhulu?

Yebo, ukwehla kwamandla emali kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu . Akugcini nje ngokulimaza amaphaphu futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokuphila, kodwa futhi kungabeka ingcindezi enhliziyweni futhi kuholele nasezimweni ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa kokwenyuka kwentengo kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ama-Bronchodilator:Lena imithi ephumuza imisipha ezungeze izindlela zakho zomoya futhi iwandise, okwenza kube lula ukuthi umoya uphume emaphashini akho. Ngokuvamile iza ngesimo se-inhaler noma njengoketshezi olufakwa ku-nebulizer bese uluphefumula.
• Amasu okuphefumula: Udokotela wakho angakufundisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile zokuphefumula, njengokuphefumula ngezindebe ezigobile, ukusiza ukwandisa indlela yakho yokuphefumula. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu uhlelo olukhethekile oluhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuzivocavoca okuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abanezifo zamaphaphu njenge-COPD.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Abanye abantu badinga ukunikezwa i-oxygen eyengeziwe, kungaba nge-cannula yamakhala noma i-mask yobuso. Lokhu kusiza umzimba ukuthi uthole i-oxygen oyidingayo.
• Izinsiza zokuphefumula: Amadivayisi anjenge-nebulizer kanye nomshini we-CPAP angasiza ekwenzeni kube lula ukuthi umoya uphume emaphashini.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa njengesinyathelo sokugcina lapho zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zehlulekile. Kuhilela ukususa izingxenye zamaphaphu ezonakele, okuvumela izingxenye ezisele eziphilile ukuthi zisebenze kahle.

Ingabe ukwehla kwamandla ephaphu kuzobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile?

Ngeshwa, umonakalo emaphashini uvame ukuba khona unomphela . Okusho ukuthi, awululami ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okufanele kunganciphisa izimpawu, kunciphise isidingo sokuhlala esibhedlela njalo, futhi kunciphise isidingo sokuvakashela ezibhedlela eziphuthumayo (ama-ETU) . Nakuba ukwelashwa kungenza kube lula ngawe ukuphefumula, ngeke kubuyisele ngokuphelele izindlela zakho zokuphefumula kanye nezicubu zamaphaphu esimweni esijwayelekile.

Iyini ikusasa elibikezelwe ngalesi simo?

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ngisho nomuntu onesifo esibi kakhulu se-emphysema angaphila impilo evamile.Nakuba amaphaphu akho engelapheki ngokuphelele, udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa ukuze avimbele umonakalo owengeziwe futhi avimbele umonakalo owengeziwe wamaphaphu.

Kodwa uma kungelashwa, ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kungalimaza inhliziyo, okuholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kubalulekile.

Lokhu kungavinjelwa kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-COPD ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuyivimbela. Ukubhema kuyimbangela yama-90% amacala e-COPD. Ngakho-ke, ukuyeka ukubhema nokugwema intuthu ebhemayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-COPD kanye ne-COPD. Kubalulekile futhi ukunciphisa ukuchayeka ekungcolisweni komoya.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo samaphaphu njenge-COPD noma i-asthma, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Nazi ezinye izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphefumula).
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ungenawo amandla ngisho noma ungazikhandlanga kakhulu.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kungathuthuki naphezu kwemizamo yakho emihle, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha . Iningi labantu abane-emphysema lingaphefumula kalula ngokwelashwa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, uma uphelelwa umoya ngokuphelele, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

` ## Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Ekhaya
Ukuphila nesimo samaphaphu esenza kube nzima ukuphefumula kungathinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke futhi kwenze kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi evamile. Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kuyisimo esivamile esingathinta abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-COPD kanye ne-asthma. Udokotela wakho noma isazi sezifo zamaphaphu angakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya.

> **Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza yonke imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.** Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye izifo zamaphaphu, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuzivimbela ngokuyeka ukubhema, ukugwema intuthu ebhemayo, nokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya. Nakekela impilo yakho.

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Ukuminyana kwamaphaphu, ukuphelelwa umoya, i-COPD, i-asthma, isifo samaphaphu, isifo sokuphefumula, ukubhema