Cabanga nje, phakathi nogwadule olungenalutho, kwakukhona ibhokisi elincane elalikwazi ukwenza amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile emoyeni. Kuzwakala njengesigcawu esivela ku-movie yesayensi eqanjiwe, akunjalo? Kodwa manje sekuyiqiniso. Namuhla sikhuluma ngezinye zezobuchwepheshe ezintsha ezimangalisayo ezingaxazulula inkinga enkulu yamanzi emhlabeni.
Ngokusho kweZizwe Ezihlangene, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidigidi ezimbili emhlabeni abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile . Ezinye izindawo zintula amanzi ngokwemvelo. Futhi isomiso esibangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu siye senza inkinga yaba yimbi kakhulu. Kwabanye abantu, amanzi abanawo angcolile, agcwele amagciwane namakhemikhali anobuthi . Kwabanye, kokubili. Ngakho ososayensi bathola izindlela ezintsha, ezimangalisayo zokuxazulula le nkinga.
Umvuni Wasehlane: Ibhokisi elenza amanzi ngomoya ogwadule
Umoya esiwuphefumulayo uqukethe umhwamuko wamanzi omningi, esingenakuwubona. Lona omunye wemithombo emikhulu yamanzi eMhlabeni.
Ngokusho kuka-Omar M. Yaghi, uprofesa eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, sisebenzisa inani elincane lomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini, ngaphansi kuka-.001%, singanikeza amalitha angu-50 amanzi ngosuku kuwo wonke umuntu emhlabeni.
UProfesa Yagi nethimba lakhe bathole indlela entsha yokusebenzisa lo mthombo wamanzi omkhulu, ongabonakali. Bahlanganise ama-molecule akhethekile ukudala isakhiwo esifana ne-scaffold. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) . Lezi izinto ezimangalisayo. Ucezu lwe-MOF, oluncane njengethambo, lunendawo engaphezulu enkulu njengezinkundla ezimbili zebhola uma ulusabalalisa.
Bakha ibhokisi le-Plexiglas eligcwele le nto ye-MOF. Leli bhokisi liyashisa uma livezwa elangeni. I-MOF engaphakathi ebhokisini bese imunca ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu lomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni wogwadule olomile kakhulu. Bese, lowo mhwamuko wamanzi omuncwa uphenduka uketshezi bese uqoqwa njengamanzi ahlanzekile, angaphuzwa. Njengoba uSolwazi Yagi esho, “Ayikho enye into emhlabeni engamunca amanzi emoyeni enomswakama ophansi kangaka bese iwakhipha futhi, ngaphandle kwale MOF.”
Ibhokisi elisebenzisa amandla elanga elenziwe ngamagremu angu-200 kuphela alo MOF lingaqoqa amanzi angaphezu kwegaloni (cishe amalitha angu-4.5) ngosuku. Imodeli esebenzisa amandla kagesi ingakwenza lokhu njalo usuku lonke.
'I-Bio-Brain Toxin Detector' ethola ubuthi emanzini
Akwanele ukuthi amanzi ahlanzeke, kudingeka futhi aphephe. Amanzi angaqukatha ubuthi obuyingozi esingenakububona noma sibunambithe. Isibonelo, i-arsenic , i-lead, kanye namagciwane ayingozi. Abacwaningi eNorthwestern University bazama ukuthola indlela elula yokubona lokhu.
Bacele usizo lwezilokazane ezincane ukuze benze lokhu. Lezi zilokazane ezincane zinekhono elimangalisayo lokuzibona nokuzivikela ezintweni ezinobuthi emanzini. Kunjengokungathi zinobuchopho obukhethekile be-'genetic molecular' ngaleyo njongo.
Isebenza kanjani ?
Kalula nje, lawa ma-microorganism anohlobo lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi ama-biosensors emizimbeni yawo. Uma kukhona into enobuthi emanzini, isibonelo, i-lead, le biosensor iyahamba inamathele kulawo ma-molecule e-lead. Bese kuba ne-gene ethile emzimbeni waleyo microorganism evuselelwa, bese leyo lead ikhishwa emzimbeni.
Lokho abacwaningi abakwenzile kwaba ukuthatha la ma-biosensor bashintshe kancane isakhiwo sawo se-DNA . Ngokusishintsha, bavula i-gene eyayizokhipha ukukhanya (ukukhanya) esikhundleni se-gene eyayizokhipha ubuthi uma ibhekene nobuthi obufana nomthofu.
Ngakho okwenzekayo manje ukuthi, uma ufaka lawa maprotheni aguqulwe yi-DNA kusampula yamanzi, uma kukhona ubuthi kulawo manzi, buqala ukukhanya. Lapho ubuthi emanzini bukhula, bukhanya kakhulu. Kufana nomlingo!
Isifinyezo sobuchwepheshe besimanje
Eminye yale mishini yesimanje evele njengezixazululo zenkinga yamanzi emhlabeni ifingqiwe kuthebula elingezansi.
| Ubuchwepheshe | Indlela Esebenza Ngayo | Inzuzo Eyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| Umvuni Wasehlane | Ukusebenzisa izinhlaka zensimbi-zemvelo (ama-MOF) ukumunca umhwamuko wamanzi ngisho nasemoyeni owomile kakhulu bese kukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile. | Amanzi angakhiqizwa noma kuphi, ngaphandle kukagesi noma ingqalasizinda enkulu. |
| Isitholi Se-Bio-Brain Toxin | Ama-biosensor ezinto ezincane eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ayakhanya lapho kukhona ubuthi emanzini. | Ukukwazi ukuhlola ukuphepha kwamanzi ngokushesha nangokulula. |
| Isisabalalisi se-Chlorine Esingenamaphutha | Ngaphandle kukagesi, kuhlanganiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo inani elifanele le-chlorine emanzini kusetshenziswa umphumela we-Venturi. | Nciphisa amaphutha abantu futhi uhlanze amanzi njalo. |
| Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Okushaqisayo | Ukususa izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu emanzini ngokusebenzisa i-shock electrodialysis. | Izinsimbi ezisindayo eziyingozi kuphela ezingasuswa ngaphandle kokususa amaminerali abalulekile emanzini. |
Ezinye izixazululo ezimangazayo
Umshini we-chlorine ongashiyi ndawo yamaphutha
I-Chlorine iyisibulala-magciwane esinamandla esibulala amagciwane emanzini. Kodwa kungaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Uma ufaka amaphilisi e-chlorine, ngezinye izikhathi ungagcina unenqwaba noma incane kakhulu. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, abacwaningi e-Tufts Institute of the Environment bathuthukise idivayisi elula esebenza ngaphandle kukagesi .
Yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili. Ibhokisi elincane elinamathiselwe ekugcineni kwepayipi lamanzi, kanye nethangi eligcwele i-chlorine ewuketshezi. Uma amanzi egeleza ngokushesha ngepayipi, kuba nomehluko wokucindezela ngaphakathi kwaleli bhokisi elincane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umphumela we-Venturi . Ngenxa yalo mehluko wokucindezela, inani elifanele le-chlorine likhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ethangini le-chlorine bese lixutshwa namanzi. Ngale ndlela, amanzi ahlala ehlanzekile, ngaphandle kwephutha lomuntu.
Indlela yokususa umsizi ngamanzi 'ashaqisayo'
Ngenxa yenkinga enkulu yezempilo ebangelwe yi-lead ekutholakaleni kwamanzi edolobheni laseMelika iFlint, iqembu lososayensi eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) lasungula indlela entsha yokususa izinsimbi ezisindayo emanzini.
Basebenzise inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-shock electrodialysis' . Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ugesi ukuhlukanisa ukungcola emanzini. I-lead iyinto enzima kakhulu ukuyikhipha emanzini ngoba inganamathela ezindongeni zemishini ngezinye izindlela. Kodwa le ndlela ingasusa u-95% we-lead ngaphandle kokususa amaminerali abalulekile njenge-sodium emanzini. Lokhu kuhlanza amanzi futhi kushiye amaminerali umzimba owadingayo.
Zonke lezi zobuchwepheshe zibonisa amandla esayensi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ekubhekaneni nenye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nesintu, inkinga yamanzi. Lokhu kuzosiza kakhulu ekusindiseni abantu ezifweni ezibangelwa amanzi angcolile kanye nokwakha ikusasa elinempilo. Ngakho-ke, kungumsebenzi wethu ukuqonda ukuthi amanzi ayigugu kangakanani futhi siwasebenzise kancane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ingxenye enkulu yabantu emhlabeni ibhekene nobunzima obukhulu ngaphandle kokufinyelela amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Lena inkinga enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni jikelele.
- Ososayensi manje sebethole ubuchwepheshe obusha obumangalisayo, njengokukhiqiza amanzi emoyeni, ukubona kalula ubuthi emanzini, nokuhlanza amanzi ngaphandle kukagesi.
- Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka ubuchwepheshe obufana nohlaka lwe-metal-organic (MOFs), ama-biosensor, kanye ne-shock electrodialysis.
- Lokhu okutholwe okusha kunikeza ithemba elikhulu lokuvikela impilo yabantu emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezisakazeka ngamanzi angcolile.
- Uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ngenxa yokuphuza amanzi angcolile, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile, ubuchwepheshe bamanzi, isomiso, ukushoda kwamanzi, ukutholakala kwesayensi, i-MOF
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho