Kumelwe ukuthi uzwa igama elithi ' Stem Cell ' ngaso sonke isikhathi manje, akunjalo? Abanye bathi lokhu kuyindlela yakamuva yokwelapha izifo eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhulunywa ngakho emaphephandabeni naku-TV. Ngakho-ke kuyini ngempela lokhu kwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem? Ingabe lokhu kusetshenziswa kubantu manje? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, iyini i-stem cell?
Cabanga ngamaseli okuqala njengamangqamuzana 'ayinhloko' emizimbeni yethu. Njengomphathi ophethe umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi unikezwe. Lawa maseli anekhono elimangalisayo lokuba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni (isibonelo, amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo, amangqamuzana ezinzwa zobuchopho, amangqamuzana esikhumba , amangqamuzana esibindi). Ngenxa yaleli khono, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi angasetshenziswa ukulungisa izicubu ezonakele noma ukwenza amangqamuzana amasha ukuze athathe indawo yamangqamuzana abhujiswe yizifo.
Okwamanje kunezivivinyo eziningi ezinkulu zemitholampilo ezenzeka emhlabeni wonke ngalesi sihloko. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi iningi lalolu cwaningo lisesezigabeni zokuqala . Okusho ukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba sibone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kangakanani, kumele siqale sinqume ukuthi kuphephile yini ukunikeza abantu . Ngoba kwezokwelapha, ukuphepha kuhlala kuza kuqala.
Yiziphi izindawo eziyinhloko zocwaningo lwamaseli okuqala?
Njengamanje, kugxilwe kakhulu ocwaningweni lwamaseli okuqala ezifo nezimo eziyi-11 ezinkulu. Ake sibheke ngayinye yazo ngokuningiliziwe.
| Isimo | Isimo Samanje Socwaningo |
|---|---|
| 1. Isifo Senhliziyo | Esigabeni sokuqala, kwenziwa imizamo yokulungisa izicubu zenhliziyo ezonakele nokwakha imithambo yegazi emisha. |
| 2. Izifo Zamehlo | Ezinye izimo (isifo se-cornea) zinemiphumela ephumelelayo. Ezinye zisesigabeni sokucwaninga. |
| 3. Isifo sikashukela | Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuvuselela amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin (amaseli e-beta). Ezigabeni zokuqala. |
| 4. Isifo sohlangothi | Kwenziwa ucwaningo lokusebenzisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa ukulungisa umonakalo wobuchopho. |
| 5. Ukulimala Kwentambo Yomgogodla | Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokwelapha labo abakhubazekile. Akukho mpumelelo eqinisekisiwe okwamanje. |
| 6. Isifo sikaParkinson | Kunezifundo ezimbalwa ezincane kakhulu eziqhubekayo. Kusenesikhathi kakhulu ukutshela imiphumela. |
| 7. Isifo sika-Alzheimer | Ucwaningo olusebenzisa abantu alukaqali. Ucwaningo selwenziwe kusetshenziswa amagundane. |
| 8. Isifo se-ALS (i-ALS) | Ucwaningo oluyisisekelo luyenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. |
| 9. I-Multiple Sclerosis | Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem kuyacwaningwa ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. |
| 10. Umdlavuza | Isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi (i-leukemia). Isesigabeni sokucwaninga ngomdlavuza wobuchopho. |
| 11. Ukulungiswa Kwe-Cartilage | Kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuvuselela i-cartilage emalungeni. Imiphumela ixubile. |
1. Isifo Senhliziyo
Izinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko ukulungisa izicubu zenhliziyo ezonakele ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokukhulisa imithambo yegazi emisha. Kwezinye izifundo, umnkantsha wesiguli uqoboUma ama-stem cell athathwe emnkantsheni efakwa enhliziyweni, abonise izimpawu zokuphulukisa izibazi ezibangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo . Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu babone ukuthuthuka okuthile ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kusewucwaningo lokuqala .
2. Izifo Zamehlo
Ucwaningo lwase-UK lubonise ukuthi ukufakelwa uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli eliyinhloko elithathwe emaphethelweni angaphandle e-cornea (amaseli esisekelo se-limbal) kungabuyisela ukubona kubantu abaye baphuphuthekiswa yizifo ze-retina. Ngokufanayo, ucwaningo olusebenzisa amaseli esisekelo athathwe kuma-embryonic stem cells kubantu (amaseli esisekelo se-embryonic) ezimweni ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular nalo lubonise impumelelo ekuqaleni.
3. Isifo Sikashukela (Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1)
Kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amasosha omzimba abhubhisa amaseli e-beta akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas. Ngakho-ke uma la maseli e-beta engavuselelwa kusetshenziswa amaseli e-stem, angakhulula abantu ekuthatheni imijovo ye-insulin nsuku zonke. Esifundweni esihlobene nalesi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela abasebasha abangu-15 bakwazile ukungabi ne-insulin iminyaka engaba ngu-1.5 besebenzisa amaseli e-stem eziguli. Kodwa njengoba lolu kuyisifundo esincane kakhulu , azikho iziphetho ezinkulu ezingafinyelelwa.
4. Isifo sohlangothi
Ukukhubazeka ukufa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho ngenxa yokuntuleka kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni . Ngakho-ke, kuyaphenywa ukuthi amaseli okuqala angasetshenziswa yini ukulungisa lesi zicubu zobuchopho ezonakele. Ocwaningweni olwenziwe eScotland, amaseli okuqala e-neural stem cells ('amaseli okuqala e-neural stem cells') e-fetal afakwa ebuchosheni beziguli ezikhubazekile. Ukugxila okuyinhloko lapha kwakuwukuphepha . Ngaleyo ndlela, ukwelashwa kuboniswe kuphephile. Kodwa-ke, akukakwazi ukusho ukuthi izimpawu sezithuthuke kangakanani.
Khumbula, eziningi zalezi zindlela zokwelapha zisesesigabeni socwaningo. Ukuphepha kwazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo akukafakazelwa ngokuphelele.
5. Ukulimala Kwentambo Yomgogodla
Kunesithakazelo esikhulu ekwelapheni abantu abanokulimala komgogodla okubashiye bekhubazekile ngamaseli okuqala. Nakuba ucwaningo lokubuyisela amaseli okuqala athathwe egazini leziguli lubonise intuthuko ethile, akukabi khona impumelelo ehlala njalo nehlala isikhathi eside .
6. Isifo sikaParkinson kanye ne-Alzheimer's
Kunezifundo ezincane kakhulu eziqhubekayo zesifo sikaParkinson, kodwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu ukukhuluma ngemiphumela. Ngokuphathelene nesifo sika-Alzheimer, izivivinyo zabantu azikaqali ngisho nokuqala.
7. I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Okwenziwa lapha ukucindezela ngokuphelele isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sesiguli ngemithi, bese kubuyiselwa amaseli okuqala athathwe emnkantsheni wesiguli emzimbeni, okudala isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela 'esisha' esinempilo. Nakuba lokhu kubonise impumelelo ethile, ukucindezela ngokuphelele isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kuyingozi kakhulu , ngakho-ke kudingeka kucatshangelwe kakhulu ngaphambi kokunikeza lokhu kwelashwa.
8. Umdlavuza
Indawo eyodwa lapho ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem sekuvele kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha umdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia. 'Ukufakelwa komnkantsha' esesikuzwile sonke empeleni kuwukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli okuqala asetshenziswa ukwelapha uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomdlavuza wobuchopho olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Glioblastoma'. Lapha, amaseli okuqala aguqulwe izakhi zofuzo asetshenziswa ukuya kumaseli omdlavuza futhi asebenze umuthi wokulwa nomdlavuza. Lokhu kusesesigabeni socwaningo.
9. Ukulungiswa Kwe-Cartilage
Amaseli e-stem ayahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi angasetshenziswa yini ukulungisa i-cartilage egugile emalungeni afana nedolo neqakala. Amaseli e-stem athathwe emnkantsheni wesiguli axutshwa nejeli bese efakwa endaweni eyonakele. Kodwa imiphumela ixutshwe. Ngezinye izikhathi i-cartilage entsha eyakhekayo ayinamandla njengoba kufanele, okuyinto ebilokhu iyinkinga.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-stem ayinsimu yezokwelapha enamandla amakhulu, kodwa asathuthuka. Anamandla okuba isimangaliso, kodwa awakafiki.
- Izivivinyo eziningi zemitholampilo zisesigabeni sokuqala, zigxile ekuphepheni kokwelashwa, hhayi ekusebenzeni kwayo kahle.
- Ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem sekuvele kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo (isib., umdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia, kanye nezinye izifo zamehlo).
- Kodwa ngezifo abantu abaningi abakhuluma ngazo, njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-Parkinson's, lezi zisesesigabeni socwaningo .
- Ungalokothi ukhohliswe ukwelashwa kwamaseli okuqala okungaqinisekisiwe, okungenalayisensi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yini bese wenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Iseli Lesitembu, Iseli Lesitembu, Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo, Isifo Senhliziyo, Isifo Sikashukela, Umdlavuza, Isifo Sohlangothi, Isifo SikaParkinson, Isifo Sika-Alzheimer, Ucwaningo Lwezokwelapha
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