Cishe uke wezwa, "O, leya nsizwa yavele yaba namahlwili egazi." Noma wake wavuvukala umlenze wakho futhi walimala? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Thrombophilia' esingabangela izinto ezinjengalesi ngezinye izikhathi. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama, lesi yisimo abantu abaningi abangaba naso. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Thrombophilia?
I-Thrombophilia yisimo lapho igazi lakho ligoba kalula futhi ngokushesha kunegazi elivamile. Odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi yisimo 'esingakwazi ukugoba'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lakho linamandla akhulayo okugoba. Lokhu kungaba yizakhi zofuzo noma okutholakalayo. Manje cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma usika isandla sakho ngommese? Kulahleka igazi elincane, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana kwakheka i-clot yegazi kuleyo ndawo bese ukuphuma kwegazi kuyeka. Empeleni kuyinqubo yokuvikela emzimbeni wethu. Ngemva kokuba inxeba selipholile, umzimba uphinda uncibilikise i-clot yegazi bese ulisusa. Kodwa kukhona okunye okwenzekayo kumuntu one-Thrombophilia. Ngisho noma umzimba ungalidingi, ama-clot egazi ayakheka emithanjeni. Noma, ama-clot egazi akhiwayo awancibiliki futhi asuswe kahle. Inkinga enkulu yilapho la ma-clot egazi ehamba ngemithambo yegazi futhi evimba umthambo wegazi oholela esithweni esibalulekile. Ngoba wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu athola umoya-mpilo awudingayo egazini. Uma umthambo uvinjelwa, awukwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa
yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi .
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-thrombophilia:
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi simo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni esenzeka ngayo. 1.
I-Acquired Thrombophilia: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Akuyona into ezuzwa njengefa. Ingabangelwa imithi ethile esiyithathayo, indlela yethu yokuphila, noma ezinye izifo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolunzima lwalezi zinhlobo yi-
Antiphospholipid Syndrome . 2.
I-Inherited Thrombophilia (I-Genetic/Inherited Thrombophilia): Lesi yisimo sezakhi zofuzo osithola kumama wakho, kubaba, noma kokubili. Kunamaprotheni emzimbeni wethu alawula ukujiya kwegazi. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko zezakhi zofuzo, lawo maprotheni angase angasebenzi kahle. Noma umzimba ungase ukhiqize amaprotheni amancane avimba ukujiya kwegazi.
Uma uke waba namaqhubu egazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-40, uke waphuphuma izisu kaningana , noma uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wamaqhubu egazi, ungase ube nale thrombophilia ezuzwe njengefa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-thrombophilia yokuzalwa?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi simo sofuzo. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-Thrombophilia yezakhi zofuzo | Incazelo elula ngakho |
|---|
| I-Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia | Lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezakhi zofuzo. Kuthinta abantu abangu-1% kuya ku-5%. Kwandisa ingozi yokuba nehlule legazi emthanjeni ojulile emlenzeni (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) okokuqala. |
| I-Prothrombin Thrombophilia | Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu. Kukhona ingozi ephezulu ye-pulmonary embolism, i-DVT, kanye nokuphuphuma kwesisu. |
| Ukuntuleka Kwamaprotheni C | Lokhu akuvamile. Kunengozi enkulu yokuqhekeka kwegazi okuphindaphindiwe. Uma lesi simo sizuzwe njengefa kubazali bobabili, singaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. |
| Ukuntuleka Kwamaprotheni S | Lokhu nakho akuvamile. Uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu (oluzuzwe kubazali bobabili) lungabangela izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi ezisongela impilo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. |
| Ukuntuleka kwe-Antithrombin | Lokhu futhi akuvamile (kwenzeka kumuntu oyedwa kubantu abangu-500 kuya kwabangu-5,000). Kodwa abantu abanalesi simo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola amahlule egazi kunabantu abanezinye izimo zofuzo. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-80% abanalesi simo bazoba namahlule egazi okungenani elilodwa lapho beneminyaka engu-50. |
Ziyini izimpawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi?
Esikhathini esiningi, ungase ungazi nokuthi une-thrombophilia. Inkinga ivela kuphela lapho kwakheka ihlule legazi futhi kuvela izimpawu. Lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ihlule lakheke kuphi.
| Ingxenye yomzimba | Izimpawu okufanele uzilindele |
|---|
| Ubuchopho | - Ukuquleka
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elinzima
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokubona
- Ukuzwa sengathi ungezwani nomzimba ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
|
| Inhliziyo | |
| Amaphaphu | |
| Umlenze noma Ingalo | - Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu
- Ukuzizwa ufudumele uma uthintwa
|
| Isisu | |
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-thrombophilia?
Ngaphezu kwezimbangela zofuzo, ezinye izimbangela eziningi kanye nezici eziyingozi zingabangela i-thrombophilia noma zandise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
Izizathu eziyinhloko:
- I-Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Ukwanda kwe-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), isifo segazi esingavamile
- I-Hepatitis
- Ukutheleleka nge-HIV
- Isifo sesibindi
Izinto ezandisa ingozi:
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyimbangela enkulu yengozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ukukhulelwa: Izinguquko zama-hormone emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokwemvelo zandisa ukuthambekela kwegazi ekujiyeni.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukubhema konakalisa imithambo yegazi futhi kwenza kube lula ukuthi kwakheke amahlule egazi.
- Ezinye izifo: Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
- Ukuhlala endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside: Uma uhlala esibhedlela ngemva kokuhlinzwa, endizeni ende noma ohambweni lwebhasi, noma lapho uhleli emsebenzini, ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni kungancipha futhi kungenzeke amahlule egazi.
- Ukuhlinzwa.
- Ukuthatha amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo noma ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone (HRT) aqukethe i-hormone i-estrogen.
- Ukuba nomlando womndeni wamahlule egazi.
- Ukuguga.
- Ukukhishwa kwezisu okungatholakali sizathu sazo.
- Ukuba namahlule egazi angaphezu kwelilodwa ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele eminyakeni engu-40.
Khumbula, ukuthi nje unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula amahlule egazi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
Ngingathola kanjani ukuthi nginalesi simo?
Uma une-blood clot futhi welashwa ngayo, udokotela wakho angase asole ukuthi une-thrombophilia. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo.
- Umlando wakho wezokwelapha: Uzobuzwa nganoma yimaphi amahlule egazi angaphambilini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nawo, noma ukuthi uke waba nanoma yikuphi ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
- Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Ukuhlola ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu obubangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile kwenziwa ukuze kubhekwe izimo zofuzo noma okunye ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni okubangela i-thrombophilia.
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Izivivinyo ezifana nokuskena kwe-ultrasound, ukuskena kwe-CT , noma ama-angiogram zingenziwa ukuze kutholakale indawo eqondile lapho igazi liqhekekile khona.
Ubani okufanele abhale lolu vivinyo?
Lokhu kuhlolwa akuvamile ukwenziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho angase aku-ode lokhu kuhlolwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma uke waba ne-blood clot ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engu-50.
- Uma abantu abaningana emndenini wakho benomlando wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Uma kwenzeka ihlule legazi ngaphandle kwezinto ezisobala ezibangela ingozi.
- Uma kwenzeka amahlule egazi ezindaweni ezingavamile (isib. izingalo, isisu).
- Uma uphuphunyelwa yisisu njalo.
- Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi umndeni wakho usengozini yini.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-thrombophilia?
Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-thrombophilia yokuzalwa. Kodwa
ingaphathwa kahle, kuvinjelwe amahlule egazi futhi kuphile impilo evamile. Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni lwe-thrombophilia onayo, ukuthi ihlule legazi lakheke yini, kanye nobunzima besimo.
- Ama-Anticoagulant: Lena yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi amasha kanye nokunciphisa ukukhula kwamahlule akhona. I-Heparin ne-Warfarin yimithi emidala. Imithi emisha isiyatholakala manje elula ukuyithatha. Abanye abantu kungase kudingeke bathathe le mithi impilo yabo yonke.
- I-Thrombolytics: Lezi zisetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma ihlule legazi elikhulu emaphashini lisongela ukuphila, le mithi inganikezwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze incibilikise ihlule ngokushesha.
- Amasokisi Okucindezela: Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi ugqoke lezi zinhlobo ezikhethekile zamasokisi ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala futhi ugcine ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezinhlayiya zegazi emilenzeni yabo.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Akuvamile kakhulu, uma ihlule legazi elikhulu lingenakuncibilika ngemithi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze lisuswe.
Izinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi
Uma wazi ukuthi une-thrombophilia, noma usengozini yokuthola amahlule egazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhamba kuhle ukuyenza nsuku zonke.
- Ohambweni olude: Uma uhamba ngendiza noma ngebhasi isikhathi eside, vuka njalo ngehora noma amabili bese uhambahamba kancane, unyakazisa imilenze yakho.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Vuka embhedeni bese uqala ukuhamba ngokushesha nje lapho udokotela wakho ekuvumela.
- Imithi equkethe i-estrogen: Uma uthatha imithi equkethe i-estrogen, njengamaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngale ngozi. Uzokwazi ukuncoma enye indlela efanelekile kuwe.
- Iseluleko sikadokotela: Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, yithathe ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
Uzobona nini udokotela
Uma une-thrombophilia, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uxhumana nodokotela wakho futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kuvela izimpawu.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha: Bona udokotela wakho noma
uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. - Ukuvuvukala okusha, ubuhlungu, noma ukubomvu emlenzeni noma engalweni.
- Ukopha okungajwayelekile, njengokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, igazi emchameni noma endle, okubangelwa imithi yokunciphisa igazi.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngesimo sakho.
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- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula (lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma i-pulmonary embolism).
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu ngokuzumayo, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi).
- Ukopha okukhulu okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ukusikeka.
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Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Thrombophilia yisimo lapho igazi lijiya khona kalula nangokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba yinto ekhona lapho umuntu ezalwa noma into ekhula kamuva ekuphileni.
- Abantu abaningi abanalesi simo baphila ngaphandle kokukhula kwamahlule egazi. Izimpawu zenzeka kuphela uma ihlule legazi livela ngaphakathi emthanjeni futhi livimbele ukugeleza kwegazi.
- Ihlule legazi lingaba yingozi uma lakha ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni, emaphashini, noma emilenzeni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu.
- Nakuba lesi simo singelapheki ngokuphelele, singaphathwa kahle futhi ingozi incishiswe ngokuthatha imithi njengoba udokotela wakho eyalile futhi ulandele indlela yokuphila enempilo.
I-Thrombophilia, ihlule legazi, i-DVT, i-pulmonary embolism, i-thrombosis, ihlule legazi, ukuncipha kwegazi
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