Ingabe udokotela ukutshelile ukuthi ingane yakho encane ine-autism? Kuvamile ukuthi umzali azizwe esaba, edabukile, futhi egcwele imibuzo lapho ezwa lezi zindaba. "Ikusasa lengane yami lizoba njani?" "Ingabe ngeke akwazi ukufana nezinye izingane?" "Senzani manje?" Ungase uzibuze. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olubalulekile lwamuva nje lulethe ukukhanya kwethemba ezinhliziyweni zethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu okutholiwe okusha nokuthi yini ongayifunda kukho njengomzali wengane ene-autism.
Luthini lolu cwaningo olusha?
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabacwaningi eBoston Children's Hospital e-United States luthole into emangazayo kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, izingane ezingaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu (37%) ezitholakale zine-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ebuntwaneni sezikhulile zadlula izimpawu lapho zineminyaka engu-6 .
Lolu cwaningo luhilele izingane ezingu-213 ezatholakala zine-ASD eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-1 no-3. Lezi zingane zatholakala zinesilinganiso seminyaka engu-2 ½. Lezi zingane zahlolwa kabusha ziphakathi kweminyaka engu-5 no-7. Yilapho le miphumela emangalisayo yabonakala khona.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuxilongwa okunikezwa esemncane akuyona into esebenza empilweni yonke yengane futhi ayinakuguqulwa.
Yikuphi ukwelashwa okwatholwa yilaba bantwana?
Okubaluleke kakhulu kulolu cwaningo ukuthi yonke ingane etholakale inalesi simo ithole uhlobo oluthile lokungenelela. Ukungenelela okusetshenziswa kakhulu yi -Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) .
Ngakho-ke iyini i-ABA?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuhilela ukwandisa ukuziphatha okuhle okusiza ingane yakho ukuba ikhule kanye nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi okungayisizi. Isibonelo, ukufundisa ingane yakho ukubheka abanye, ukukhuluma, ukumomotheka, nokucela lokho ekufunayo kuwukuziphatha okuhle. Futhi, ukunciphisa izinto ezinjengokuba wedwa nokwenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe kuyingxenye yalolu hlobo lokwelashwa.
Ngale ndlela yokwelapha ye-ABA, ingane:
- Amakhono okuxhumana
- Ukunaka nokugxila
- Amakhono okuxhumana nabantu
- Amakhono okufunda
Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi izinto eziningi zingathuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusibonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi bese uqala lolu hlobo lokwelashwa olufanele ingane.
Yiziphi izici zezingane esezilulame ekuguleni?
Okunye okuthakazelisayo okutholakele kulolu cwaningo ukuthi kwakukhona umehluko phakathi kwezingane ezelaphekile kwi-ASD kanye nalabo abaqhubeka nokuba nalesi simo. Ake sibheke lolu lwazi etafuleni.
| Isici | Lokho izingane ezine-ASD eziye zabhekana nakho |
|---|---|
| Ubufazi/ubudoda | Amathuba okuthola abantwana besifazane ayanda (i-ASD ivame kakhulu kubantwana besilisa). |
| Amakhono ansuku zonke | Uma lesi sifo sitholakala okokuqala, ingane iba nezinga eliphezulu 'lokusebenza okuguquguqukayo okuyisisekelo'. Okusho ukuthi, ingcono kancane kunezinye izingane emisebenzini yansuku zonke njengokukhuluma, ukuzigqokisa, nokwenza izinqumo. |
| Isilinganiso Sobuhlakani (IQ) | Zonke izingane kuleli qembu zazine-IQ score engu-70 noma ngaphezulu (i-IQ engaphansi kuka-70 ibhekwa njengophawu lokukhubazeka kwengqondo). |
Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kungase kube nobudlelwano phakathi kwamakhono okuqala engane kanye nendlela esabela ngayo ekwelashweni .
Yisiphi isifundo okufanele sisifunde njengabazali kulokhu?
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo kungenzeka ukuthi ikunike ithemba elithe xaxa. Lokho kuyinto enhle. Ngokusho kukaDkt. Elizabeth Hasted, omunye wabacwaningi abaphambili kulolu cwaningo, kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bahlale benomqondo ovulekile.
"Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi njengoba ingane ikhula, ngisho nokuxilongwa kwayo kungashintsha. Ezinye izingane zingaba nezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwazo nabantu nasekuziphatheni kwazo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi siqhubeke nokuqapha izingane futhi silungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka," kusho yena.
Umyalezo oyinhloko esingawuthola kulokhu uthi:
- Ungalilahli ithemba: Ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ASD akusho ukuthi sekuwukuphela kwempilo yayo. Ngokusekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, ingenza intuthuko emangalisayo.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo: Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngentuthuko yengane yakho, noma yiziphi izinkinga ongase ube nazo, nakho konke okunye. "Dokotela, kubonakala sengathi usengcono kancane manje," "Dokotela, usenomkhuba omusha," njalo njalo.
- Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile: Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho, njengokungadlali nezinye izingane, ukungabhekani emehlweni lapho ikhuluma, noma ukungakhulumi ngendlela efanele iminyaka, ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, imiphumela yokwelashwa iba ngcono.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo se-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) singase singabi yisimo sokuphila konke, esingaguquki, futhi izifundo ezintsha zinikeza ithemba.
- Uma ingane isitholwe ine-ASD, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa okufanele ngokushesha okukhulu . Izindlela zokwelapha zokuziphatha, njenge-Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), ziboniswe zisebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Xoxa ngentuthuko yengane yakho nodokotela wakho njalo . Ukwelashwa kungadinga ukushintshwa njengoba ingane yakho ikhula.
- Ingane ngayinye ihlukile. Ngakho-ke ungaqhathanisi intuthuko yengane yakho nenye ingane. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusekela ingane yakho ngesineke nothando .
- Sicela uqonde ukuthi lolu cwaningo luyithemba nje kuphela, hhayi isiqinisekiso esisebenza kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthembela eselulekweni sezokwelapha esisekelwe kwezesayensi .
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