Wake wazibuza ukuthi isifo esithile sisithinta kanjani, hhayi nje isikhathi esinaso lesi sifo, kodwa impilo yethu yonke? Ezinye izifo nezingozi zinganciphisa isikhathi sethu sokuphila. Ezinye zingabangela ukuba siphile nokukhubazeka impilo yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke, kukhona indlela ekhethekile yokukala ukuthi silahlekelwa yimpilo yethu enempilo engakanani ngenxa yalezi zinto. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-DALY.
Kalula nje, iyini i-DALY (Unyaka Wokuphila Olungisiwe Ngokukhubazekile)?
Kalula nje, i-DALY (Unyaka Wokuphila Olungisiwe Ngokukhubazekile) iyisilinganiso somhlaba wonke esisetshenziswa abacwaningi kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo zezempilo ukulinganisa ukuthi izifo ezahlukene zithinta kanjani isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila emphakathini othile.
Cabanga ngale ndlela: i-DALY unyaka wokuphila olahlekile ngenxa yokuphila okunempilo ngokuphelele ngenxa yesifo, ukukhubazeka, noma ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kuye ngokuthi ukugula kwakho kubucayi kangakanani, le minyaka yokulahlekelwa impilo inganda.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuqonda "umthwalo wezifo" ezweni noma esifundeni. Okusho ukuthi, ochwepheshe babheka izici zomphakathi, ezomnotho, ezemvelo, kanye nezepolitiki ezithinta impilo yabantu iyonke. Le ndlela yaqala ukwethulwa ngawo-1990.
Zibalwa kanjani lezi DALY?
Kusetshenziswa izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ukubala i-DALY.
1. Iminyaka Yokuphila Elahlekile (YLLs)
2. Iminyaka Ephile Nokukhubazeka (YLDs)
Kulesi simo, ama-YLL ayiminyaka yokuphila elahlekayo ngenxa yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ama-YLD ayinani leminyaka enempilo elahlekayo ngenxa yesifo noma ukukhubazeka.
Ngakho-ke i-DALY iyisamba sama-YLL nama-YLD.
I-DALY = YLLs + YLDs
Ake siqonde ngesibonelo.
Cabanga ngengane encane eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala. Sicabanga ukuthi uma ingaguli kakhulu (isib. isifo sikashukela , umdlavuza), izophila ize ibe neminyaka engu-80 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, cabanga ukuthi le ngane ishona engozini eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala.
Khona-ke isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe (i-YLL) singu-80 - 15 = iminyaka engu-65. Lapha, njengoba engaphilanga nokukhubazeka, inani le-YLD lingu-0.
Ngakho inani lakhe le-DALY lingu-65. Lokho kusho ukuthi ulahlekelwe yiminyaka engu-65 yokuphila okunempilo.
Kodwa kukhona okuhle lapha. Ngisho noma unesifo, uma uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kudokotela, ushintsha indlela ophila ngayo, futhi uthuthukise impilo yakho, unganciphisa leli nani le-DALY, okusho ukuthi ungandisa isikhathi sakho sokuphila esinempilo.
Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezithinta ama-DALY?
Kucatshangelwa izinhlobo eziningi zezifo, izingozi kanye nokukhubazeka lapho kubalwa ama-DALY. Ngezansi kunezinye zezimo ezivamile ngisho nasezweni lethu.
| Isigaba Sesifo/Isimo | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izifo Ezithelelanayo | Izifo ezifana ne-HIV, isimungumungwane, i-COVID-19, udenga, isifo sofuba kanye ne-meningitis. |
| Izifo ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila | Isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza, i-cholesterol ephezulu. |
| Izingozi nokulimala | Ukulimala okubangelwa izingozi zomgwaqo, ukuwa, kanye nezenzo zobudlova. |
| Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo | Ukucindezeleka, Ukukhathazeka. |
| Ezinye izimo | Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, izifo ezihlobene nokuguga (isib. i-Alzheimer's), ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, ubuhlungu bomhlane/intamo, ukukhubazeka kokuzwa noma ukubona. |
Umehluko phakathi kwe-DALY ne-QALY
Njenge-DALY, kunesinye isilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi i-QALY (Unyaka Wokuphila Olungisiwe Ngekhwalithi) . Lokhu futhi kulinganisa ubude kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. I-QALY unyaka wokuphila ophila impilo ephelele.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ngu:
- Ama-DALY alinganisa inani leminyaka elahlekile ngenxa yokugula noma ukufa.
- I-QALYKukala inani leminyaka enempilo oyitholayo ngenxa yekhwalithi yokuphila ethuthukisiwe ngenxa yokwelashwa noma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila .
Ungathuthukisa kanjani amaphuzu akho e-DALY?
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze wandise impilo yakho enempilo futhi unciphise umthwalo wezifo. Ungaxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho futhi ukwenze ngendlela ekufanele.
| Okufanele ngikwenze | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukunciphisa inkomba yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI) | Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko ngalokhu. |
| Ukuyeka ukubhema | Ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa ukubhema ngokuphelele kusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni eziningi. |
| Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa utshwala | Ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala kuzuzisa kakhulu empilweni. |
| Umsebenzi womzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca | Ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke njengokuhamba, ukugijima nokubhukuda kungagcina inhliziyo nomzimba wakho uphilile. |
| Ukudla okunempilo | Ukudla ukudla okucebile ngemifino emisha, izithelo, ubhontshisi, kanye nokudla okune-fiber (njengelayisi elinsundu, okusanhlamvu okuphelele). |
Ucwaningo olulodwa luthole ukuthi abantu abamukela lolu hlobo lwendlela yokuphila enempilo banezela okungenani iminyaka emibili yokuphila enempilo ekuphileni kwabo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangalandeli.
Kungani isilinganiso se-DALY siwusizo?
Ngokubheka idatha ye-DALY, izikhulu zezempilo nodokotela bangaqonda umthwalo wesifo ezweni. Ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi, bangathatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokulawula lesi sifo, ukufundisa abantu, nokuthuthukisa izinsizakalo zezempilo.
Isibonelo, uma isifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo sanda phakathi kwentsha ezweni lethu, idatha ye-DALY izobonisa ukuthi izoyithinta kanjani impilo yabo yesikhathi esizayo enempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, singalawula leso simo ngezinhlelo zokuqwashisa ezingeni lesikole, njengokubakhuthaza ukuba bavocavoce.
Ingabe kukhona imikhawulo endleleni ye-DALY?
Yebo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DALY ilinganisa umthelela wesifo ngenombolo eyodwa, ngezinye izikhathi ayidwebi isithombe esiphelele. Ngoba akuzona zonke izifo noma ukuphazamiseka okufanayo.
Isibonelo, kuyizinto ezimbili ezahlukene ukuba ne -asthma isikhathi esifushane nokuphila ne -schizophrenia , isifo sengqondo esibi kakhulu , impilo yakho yonke.
Futhi, noma umuntu ekhubazekile (isib., ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ubunzima bokukhuluma), angaphila impilo egcwele neyanelisayo uma ekwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwempilo okuhle, ukwesekwa komndeni nomphakathi, kanye namathuluzi okwenza izimpilo zakhe zibe lula. Lezi zici zomphakathi zingase zinganakwa njalo lapho kubalwa ama-DALY.
Kodwa-ke, i-DALY iyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu neliwusizo lokuthola ukuqonda okubanzi ngesimo sempilo sezwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-DALY iyindlela yokulinganisa inani leminyaka yokuphila okunempilo olahlekelwa yiyo ngenxa yesifo, ukukhubazeka, noma ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Lokhu kubalwa ngokuhlanganisa iminyaka elahlekile ngenxa yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ama-YLL) kanye neminyaka ephila nokukhubazeka (ama-YLD).
- Izinto eziningi zithinta inani le-DALY, njengezifo zendlela yokuphila, izifo ezithelelanayo, izingozi, nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo .
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema notshwala), ungandisa isikhathi sakho sokuphila esinempilo.
- Idatha ye-DALY ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni nasekuthuthukiseni izinsizakalo zezempilo zezwe. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nenkinga yezempilo, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
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