Malaria: He Wheako Hauora Hapori i te Ngākau o te Raumati

He ahiahi wera, he haumākū hoki, ā, ki tonu te whare hauora hapori i te pokapū o te tāone pukumahi i te mahi. I huihui ngā whānau i raro i ngā tēneti taupua, e tatari ana kia kite i ngā tākuta. I roto i a rātou ko Anil, he kaimahi manene 45-tau te pakeke i tomo mai me te mata mā me te tinana ngoikore, wiriwiri.

"E Tākuta Priya," i hameme ia i a ia e noho ana, "Kua tino pāngia ahau e te mate i ngā rā kua taha ake nei. I tīmata mai i te mamae o te upoko me ngā uaua, engari inaianei kāore e taea e au te mutu te werawera , ā, e ahua ana kei te wera rawa ahau."

I kite tonu ahau i tōna kiri mā, i tōna manawa tere, me ngā pata werawera e turuturu ana i tōna mata. "Me tirotiro koe e Anil," ka mea atu ahau, me te mōhio kei te pāngia tāua e te mate pārūrū.

He aha te mate malaria?

I muri i te tirotiro tere me te tango i ngā hītori, i tohu ngā tohu o Anil ki te malaria, he mate pāwera i puta mai i te pirinoa Plasmodium . I whakamārama atu ahau ki a ia, "Ka horahia te malaria mā te ngau a ngā waeroa wahine Anopheles kua pangia. Ka haere ēnei pirinoa ki te ate, ka whakanui i mua i te urunga ki te toto, ka pangia ngā toto whero , ka puta ai ngā tohu e pā ana ki a koe."

I āhua āwangawanga ia. "Engari e tino tupato ana ahau ki te pupuri i te ma o te taiao," tana kī.

I whakamarie ahau i a ia. "He tika tāu mahi tūpato, engari ka taea e ngā waeroa te tupu pai ahakoa i roto i ngā puna wai iti rawa, ka ngau rānei i te wā kāore i te whakaarohia, inā koa i ngā wāhi haukū pēnei i tēnei."

E ai ki te whakatau tata a te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO) e 241 miriona ngā kēhi o te malaria puta noa i te ao i te tau 2020, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā kēhi i ahu mai i Āwherika ki te tonga o te Sahara me ētahi wāhanga o Āhia.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate malaria?

I pātai atu ahau ki a Anil kia whakaahuahia ōna tohumate me ngā taipitopito. I whakarārangihia e ia:

• He ānini nui
• Ngā mamae uaua
• Te kirika me te makariri me te werawera
• Te ngenge nui me te whakapairuaki

"Ko ngā tohumate malaria noa ēnā," taku kī. "Ko te tikanga ka tīmata te malaria me ngā tohu rewharewha i te wiki neke atu rānei i muri i te ngau a te waeroa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta mai te kirika i roto i ngā huringa."

I pōkaikaha ia, me te kī atu, "E rite ana ki te mate kino rawa atu kua pā ki ahau. Kāore e taea te manawanui i te werawera me te wiri."

Ko ngā tohumate o te malaria e puta mai ana i te whakangaromanga o ngā toto whero e te pirinoa, ka puta te anemia me ngā urupare ārai mate pērā i te kirika me te makariri.

Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te Malaria?

I tono ahau kia whakamātauria he toto mō Anil hei whakaū i te mate. "Mā te whakamātautau tere mō te mate, mā te paninga toto rānei i raro i te karuārai ka taea te tautuhi i te aroaro o te pirinoa," taku whakamārama.

"Ka mamae te whakamātautau?" i pātai ia me te mataku.

"He wero iti noa iho te tango toto," ka mea atu ahau. "Mā ngā hua ka āwhina i a mātou ki te whakatau ko tēhea momo pirinoa malaria te take o tō mate."

E whā ngā momo matua o ngā pirinoa Plasmodium e hua ai te malaria i roto i te tangata: ko P. vivax , ko P. ovale , ko P. malariae , me P. falciparum . I roto i ēnei, ko P. falciparum te mea tino morearea nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakararuraru i ngā raruraru kino.

He pēhea te kino o te mate malaria?

I taku whakahua i te P. falciparum , ka whānui haere ngā kanohi o Anil. "He mate mōrearea tēnei?"

"Tērā pea mēnā kāore i te rongoatia," ka whakahoki pono ahau. "I ngā wā tino kino, ka taea e te malaria te arahi ki ngā raruraru pēnei i te malaria roro, te ngoikore o te whatukuhu, me te anemia kino. Engari mā te maimoatanga tere, ka taea e tātou te ārai i ēnei putanga."

E ai ki ngā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ko P. falciparum te take o te nuinga o ngā mate e pā ana ki te malaria puta noa i te ao. Heoi, mā te rongoā wawe ki ngā rongoā ārai malaria ka taea te whakaora i ngā oranga.

Me pēhea te rongoā mō te malaria?

I a mātou e tatari ana mō ngā hua o te whakamātautau, ka kōrero ahau mō te mahere maimoatanga a Anil. "Ki te whakaū te tātaritanga he mate malaria koe, ka tīmata tonu mātou ki te tango i ngā rongoā ārai malaria," ko taku kupu.

• Ngā Rongoā Ārai Mate Pāwera : "Ko ngā rongoā noa ko ngā rongoā whakakotahi e hangai ana ki te artemisinin (ACT), he tino whai hua ki te P. falciparum ."
• Te Tiaki Hōhipera : "Mēnā he nui ngā āhuatanga kino, me whakamahi pea i ngā rongoā werohanga ā-uaua me te tiaki tautoko."

Ka pātai a Anil, “Me noho tonu ahau ki te hōhipera?”

"Kāore rawa," i whakamanawa atu ahau ki a ia. "Ki te kore ō tohumate e tino kino, ā, ka pai tō urupare ki te rongoā ā-waha, ka taea e koe te ora i te kāinga. Engari ka tirotirohia koe e mātou mō ngā raruraru."

E taunaki ana te WHO i te ACT hei rongoā tuatahi mō te malaria P. falciparum kāore he uaua. Mō te P. vivax me te P. ovale , ka whakamahia he rongoā e kiia nei ko te primaquine hei aro ki ngā wāhanga ate moe o te pirinoa.

Me pēhea te ārai i te mate malaria?

I mua i tōna wehenga atu, ka pātai a Anil, “Me pēhea taku whakarite kia kore ai tēnei e tupu anō?”

I whakanuia e au te hiranga o te ārai:

1. Kupenga Namu : "Moe tonu i raro i tētahi kupenga moenga kua rongoatia ki te patu pepeke, inā koa i ngā wā tino pukumahi o te ngau i te pō."
2. Ngā ārai pepeke : "Whakamahia ngā ārai pepeke kei roto te DEET ki te kiri e kitea ana."
3. Kākahu : "Kākahuhia he ringaringa roa me he tarau hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ngau a te waeroa."
4. Whakahaere Taiao : "Tangohia te wai tauhohe huri noa i tō whare hei whakakore i ngā wāhi whakatupu namu."

E whakanui ana te CDC ka taea e ngā kupenga moenga i rongoatia ki ngā patu pepeke te whakaiti i te horapa o te malaria tae atu ki te 50%, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā taputapu ārai tino whai hua i ngā rohe e horapa ana te malaria.

Te Whakaora o Anil

I whakaū te whakamātautau toto kua pāngia a Anil e te mate malaria P. vivax , ahakoa he iti ake te kino i te P. falciparum , me tere tonu te maimoatanga. I muri i tana tīmatanga ki te rongoā, ka hoki ia ki te whare hauora i te wiki i muri mai, ā, kua pai ake tōna āhua. "Ngā mihi ki a koe, e Tākuta Priya," tana kī me te ataata whakawhetai. "Ka whakarite ahau kia whai i ō tohutohu katoa."

He whakamaharatanga tōna oranga mai i te hiranga o te mōhio, te tautuhi wawe i te mate, me te maimoatanga wā tika hei whawhai ki te malaria.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Malaria