Kunzima ukuchaza uloyiko noloyiko oluvayo xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba unomhlaza webele. "Ndiyifumene njani le nto?", "Ngaba oku kuya kuphiliswa?", "Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kubantwana bam?" Imibuzo eliwaka efana nale mhlawumbi iphinda ibuyele engqondweni yakho. Eli liva abantu abaninzi abajongene nalo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngokucacileyo nangokulula ukuze sisuse uloyiko lwakho.
Umhlaza webele uqala njani ukukhula emzimbeni?
Enyanisweni, zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ziqala ngendlela efanayo. Oko kukuthi, iiseli emzimbeni wethu ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza, zingalawuleki. Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengesakhiwo esikhulu esenziwe ngezitena. Apha, izitena "ziiseli." Ngokwesiqhelo, njengoko izitena ezindala (iiseli) zisifa, kwenziwa izitena ezintsha ukuvala izikhewu. Le yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo kakhulu .
Kodwa kwiiseli zomhlaza, olu landelelwano luyaphuka. Ulwazi lwemfuza, oko kukuthi, i-DNA, kwezo seli luba nesiphako . Le DNA inesiphako inokudluliselwa kubazali ukuya kwinzala. Okanye, i-DNA inokonakala ngokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile kwindawo esihlala kuyo.
Le yindlela iiseli eziphulukene nolawulo ezahlukana ngayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlangane ukuze zenze iqhuma elincinci. Kumhlaza webele, ezi seli zingaqhelekanga zikhula kwimibhobho ethwala ubisi ukuya kwingono, okanye kwiindlala ezivelisa ubisi (ii-lobules) zebele. Sizibiza ngokuba ziiqhuma zeeseli zethumba .
Umhlaza webele usasazeka njani emzimbeni wonke?
Iiseli zomhlaza zifana nembewu embi. Ziqala kwindawo enye, ibele, emva kwexesha elithile, ziyaqhekeka zize ziqale ukusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ezi seli zinokuhamba ngegazi okanye ii-lymph nodes ziye kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba kwaye zikhule iiseli ezintsha.
Iindawo apho iiseli zomhlaza webele zisasazeka khona zezi:
Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngale ndlela, siwubiza ngokuba ngumhlaza osasazekayo okanye umhlaza wesibini. Abanye abantu banokuba neli nqanaba liphezulu lomhlaza xa befunyaniswa ukuba bane-HIV. Kwezinye iimeko, nokuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokubuya emva konyango.
Yiyo loo nto ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emabeleni akho, okanye iqhuma elitsha , bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.Oko kukuthi, okukhona ifunyanwa kwangoko, kokukhona amathuba onyango nokunyangwa esanda.
Ngaba iihomoni ziyanceda kumhlaza?
Oku kunzima kancinci, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye iiseli zomhlaza wamabele zineproteni ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-"receptors" kumphezulu wazo. Cinga ngezi receptors njenge "keyholes." Iihormone ezimbini eziveliswa yimizimba yethu ngokwendalo , i-estrogen kunye ne -progesterone, zifana "nezitshixo" ezingena kwezi zitshixo.
Xa le hormone, ebizwa ngokuba yisitshixo, iqhagamshela kwisitshixo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-receptor, kwiseli yomhlaza, iseli yomhlaza ifumana isibonakaliso sokuba "ikhule ngakumbi." Ngamanye amazwi, ezi hormone zibangela ukuba umhlaza ukhule ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi.
- Eminye imidla yomhlaza isabela kuphela kwi-hormone ye-estrogen.
- Ezinye zisabela kwi-hormone ye -progesterone .
- Eminye imiphunga isabela kuzo zombini ezi hormone.
Lo mhlaza webele siwubiza ngokuba yi-hormone receptor-positive . Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya iiseli zakho zomhlaza ukuze abone ukuba ziyasabela na kwii-hormone. Ukuba ziyasabela, kukho unyango oluthile olusebenzayo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lomhlaza webele?
Namhlanje, kukho unyango oluninzi olusebenzayo lomhlaza webele. Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kungasetyenziswa unyango olungaphezulu kolunye.
| Unyango | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Utyando | Ukususa iqhuma elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka emzimbeni. Ukuba umhlaza mncinci, kususwa kuphela inxalenye yeqhuma (lumpectomy) . Ukuba umhlaza mkhulu, ibele lonke (mastectomy) okanye omabini amabele (double mastectomy) linokususwa. |
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Oku kuquka ukufaka amayeza anamandla emzimbeni abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukwahlukana kwazo. Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza ahamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, anokubulala neeseli zomhlaza ezisasazekileyo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Imitha enamandla aphezulu isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando. |
| Unyango lweHormone | Oku kunikwa kuphela abantu abanomhlaza abasabela kwiihomoni ze-estrogen okanye ze-progesterone. La mayeza anciphisa inqanaba le-estrogen emzimbeni okanye athintele amandla e-estrogen okunamathela kwiiseli zomhlaza. |
| Unyango olujoliswe kulo | Olu nyango lufana 'ne-missile'. Lujolise kwiiproteni ezithile, ezifana ne -HER2 , kwiiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziqhelekileyo. |
| Unyango lwe-immunotherapy | Oku kuquka ukuvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela, ukuyivumela ukuba ichonge kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. |
Zithini amathuba okuphila kwakhona?
"Ndiza kuphila ixesha elingakanani?" Kuqhelekile ukuzibuza. Oogqirha balinganisa oku ngoko kubizwa ngokuba "yizinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5." Ngamafutshane, linani labantu abali-100 abanomhlaza webele kwinqanaba elithile abasaphila emva kweminyaka emi-5 (xa kuthelekiswa nabantu ngokubanzi abangenaso esi sifo).
- Umhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala: 99% (oko kukuthi, abantu abangama-99 kwabangama-100 baphila iminyaka emi-5)
- Xa umhlaza usasazeke kwizicwili ezingqongileyo: 86%
- Xa isasazeka kwizitho zomzimba ezikude (iMetastatic): 30%
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo:Ezi zizibalo nje ezisekelwe kwidatha evela kwiqela elikhulu labantu. Imeko yakho isenokuba yahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Konke oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, impilo, kunye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kunyango. Ngoko ke ungaze uphelelwe lithemba ngala manani.
Ngaba umhlaza ungaphinda ubuye?
Emva konyango, kuthiwa siphilile xa kungekho ziseli zomhlaza ezinokubonwa emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ithuba lokuba umhlaza ubuye kwakhona kwixesha elizayo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukuphinda-phinda .
Umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza uphezulu kakhulu kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala emva konyango. Loo mngcipheko uyancipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kukujonga ngamaxesha athile. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye uye kwiikliniki ngemihla ebekiweyo.
Ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye amanye amalungu eqela lakho lonyango ngayo nantoni na ongayiqondiyo okanye oyoyikayo. Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile, cela uncedo kumcebisi. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhambe wedwa kolu hambo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamabele kukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli. Asikuko ityala lakho.
- Ukuba umhlaza ufunyanwa kwangoko, kokukhona amathuba onyango kunye nokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo esanda. Ngoko ke lumka xa uzihlola amabele.
- Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili neziphumelelayo, ezinje ngotyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwemitha.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Usapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye neqela lezonyango bakunye nawe. Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.
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