Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuphefumla? Masifunde nge-emphysema, echaphazela imiphunga!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya? Ngaba uyaphefumla xa unyuka izinyuko okanye uhamba umgama omfutshane? Okanye ukhathazwa kukukhwehlela okungapheliyo? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo semiphunga esibizwa ngokuba yi-emphysema, esiza kuthetha ngaso namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto.

Yintoni i-Emphysema? Masiyiqonde ngokulula

Ngamafutshane, i-emphysema sisifo esenzeka xa iingxowa zomoya ezincinci ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli, zonakele. Ezi alveoli zezo siziphefumlayo, zongeza ioksijini evela emoyeni egazini kwaye zikhupha i-carbon dioxide egazini. Cinga ngemiphunga yakho njenge-bubble wrap. Ezi ngqaqa zincinci zezo sizibiza ngokuba yi-alveoli. Kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-300 ze-alveoli kwimiphunga eqhelekileyo esempilweni. Kwi-emphysema, iindonga zezi alveoli zonakala kwaye ziqhume. Endaweni yezo ngqaqa zincinci, kwakheka iingxowa zomoya ezinkulu. Kufana nokuvuthela iqela leengqaqa ezincinci kwi-bubble wrap ukuze wenze ingqaqa enye enkulu. Oku kunciphisa indawo yomphezulu wemiphunga ukuze ioksijini itshintshiselane. Kwakhona, umoya unokubanjwa ngaphakathi kwemiphunga. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, okubangela ukuphefumla. Abanye abantu banokuba nesifuba esivuvukileyo, sibanike inkangeleko efana nesifuba.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-emphysema?

I-Emphysema idla ngokukhula kubantu abaye batshaya iminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaya akuyonto yodwa ebangela oku. Kukho ezinye izizathu:

• Ungcoliseko lomoya ekhaya okanye emsebenzini: Ukuphefumla ixesha elide izinto ezifana nothuli kunye nomsi weekhemikhali.
• Izinto ezibangela ufuzo : Abanye abantu banokuba nayo ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nokungabikho kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin, okuyimeko yemfuza. Oku kunqabile kancinci.
• Izifo zokuphefumla : Izifo ezixhaphakileyo zemiphunga nazo zinokuchaphazela.

Kuthiwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 eMelika kuphela banesifo se-emphysema. Ngoko ke le ayisiyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Emphysema kunye ne-COPD?

Usenokuba ukhe weva igama elithi COPD. I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga) imele isifo esingapheliyo sokukhupha imiphunga. Ayisosifo sithile, kodwa ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela lezifo ezonakalisa imiphunga kancinci kancinci. I-Emphysema sesinye isifo esikweli qela le-COPD. I-bronchitis engapheliyo lolunye uhlobo lwe-COPD. Abanye abaguli be-COPD banokuba ne-asthma.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Emphysema kunye ne-Chronic Bronchitis?

Ezi zombini ziintlobo zeCOPD. Abantu abaninzi banokuba nazo zombini ngaxeshanye.

• I-Emphysema: Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu i-alveoli yemiphunga. Uphawu oluphambili kubunzima bokuphefumla .
• I-Bronchitis Engapheliyo: Oku kubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwezakhiwo ezintle ezifana neenwele kwimibhobho yomoya (ebizwa ngokuba yi-cilia). Ezi cilia zinoxanduva lokususa iintsholongwane kunye nenkunkuma engena kwimibhobho yomoya. Uphawu oluphambili lwe-bronchitis engapheliyo kukwanda kwemveliso ye-mucus. Oku kuthetha ukukhwehlela okuvelisa i-mucus etyebileyo, etyheli, eluhlaza, okanye engwevu. Kwi-emphysema, iimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela zinokubakho ukongeza ekuphefumleni kancinci.

Zithini izigaba ze-emphysema?

Oogqirha bahlula i-emphysema ngokwezigaba ze-COPD. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) . Oku kunceda ukuqonda ubunzulu besifo.

• Inqanaba 1 (Eliphantsi): Eli lelona nqanaba liphantsi. Imiphunga yakho isebenza ubuncinane i-80% yomsebenzi wemiphunga womntu ophilileyo, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, ubude, kunye nesini.
• Inqanaba lesi-2 (Eliphakathi): I-emphysema ephakathi. Umsebenzi womphunga uphakathi kwama-50% nama-79%.
• Inqanaba lesi-3 (Inqanaba lesi-3 - Eliqatha): I-emphysema eqatha. Ukusebenza kwemiphunga kuncipha phakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-49%.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 (Elinzima Kakhulu): I-emphysema enzima kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwemiphunga kuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwama-30%.

Kusekelwe kwezi zigaba apho oogqirha benza izigqibo malunga neendlela zonyango kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-emphysema?

Lo ngumbuzo onzima ukuwuphendula. Kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, kwinqanaba lesi sifo, nokuba utshaye, uyeke, okanye awukaze utshaye. Kuthiwa ukutshaya kunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwakho malunga neminyaka eyi-3.5. Izinto ezibangela ufuzo nazo zidlala indima. I-Emphysema ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-70. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala ze-emphysema?

Uninzi lwabantu aluqali ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-emphysema de kube kutshatyalaliswe i-50% okanye ngaphezulu kwezicubu zabo zemiphunga. Ngelo xesha, iimpawu zokuqala ziyanda kancinci kancinci ukuphefumla nokudinwa. Ezinye iimpawu ziquka:

• Ukukhwehlela ixesha elide (ukukhwehlela komntu otshayayo).
• Ukuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ingakumbi xa usenza umthambo olula njengokunyuka izinyuko.
• Ukusoloko uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Ukuxinana kwesifuba.
• Ukwanda kwemveliso ye-mucus.
• Utshintsho kumbala we-mucus (umthubi okanye oluhlaza).
• Ndihlala ndidiniwe .
• Iingxaki zentliziyo .
• Ukungalali.
• Ixhala .
• Uxinzelelo.
• Ukuhla ukusinda.

Ukuba une-emphysema, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana usulelo lwemiphunga olufana ne-pneumonia kunye ne-bronchitis.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela i-emphysema?

Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela i-emphysema. Umsi wecuba wonakalisa izicubu zemiphunga yakho kwaye uyayicaphukisa imigudu yakho yomoya. Oku kubangela ukuba imigudu yakho yomoya idumbe, ivelise i-mucus, kwaye kwenze kube nzima ukucoca imigudu yakho yomoya. Konke oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Kukho ezinye izizathu ngaphandle kokutshaya:

• Umsi we-cannabis.
• Ukutshaya i-vape kunye nee-e-cigarettes.
• Umsi wecuba.
• Ukumoshwa komoya.
• Uthuli.
• Umsi weekhemikhali.

Ngaba i-Emphysema sisifo esosulelayo?

Hayi, i-emphysema ayisosifo esosulelayo. Ukuba une-emphysema, awunakuyinika omnye umntu.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Emphysema?

Ugqirha wakho unokuxilonga i-emphysema. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zodwa azinakukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo. Ugqirha uza kukuhlola. Uza kumamela imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope. Ukuba uva isandi esingenanto xa ucofa isifuba sakho, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho umoya ovalelekileyo emiphungeni yakho. Emva koko, baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa i-emphysema.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-emphysema?

Ugqirha angayalela ezi mvavanyo:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Ukujonga imeko yemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ii-X-reyi kunzima ukuzibona kwizigaba zokuqala zesifo. Ziluncedo kuphela kwiimeko eziphakathi ukuya kwezinzima.
• I-CT scan: Oku kungathatha umfanekiso wemiphunga onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D). Kunika iinkcukacha ezicacileyo kune-X-ray.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga (PFT): Lulinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho enokuphefumla ngayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Olu vavanyo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi -spirometry , lulinganisa ukuhamba komoya emiphungeni yakho kunye nobungakanani bomoya emiphungeni yakho.
• Igesi Yegazi Emithanjeni (ABG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini kunye nekhabhoni diokside kwisampulu yegazi ethathwe kwimithambo yegazi. Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe ukubona ukuba ufuna ioksijini eyongezelelweyo na ukuba i-emphysema yakho iya isiba mandundu.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Oku kuvavanya ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Oku kwenzelwa ukubona ukuba isifo sentliziyo sibangela ukuphefumla kwakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lwemfuza: Oku kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho unobangela wemfuza, njengokungabikho kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin .

Ngaba umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni obangelwa yi-emphysema ungaphola?

Ngelishwa, umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni obangelwe yi-emphysema awunakuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunciphisa iimpawu, luphucule umgangatho wobomi, kwaye luthintele umonakalo ongakumbi.

Iphathwa njani i-Emphysema?

I-Emphysema sisifo esinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ke ngoko, injongo ephambili yonyango kukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwezicubu zemiphunga ezisempilweni eziseleyo. Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali besifo. Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Ukuyeka ukutshaya: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, elona nyathelo libalulekileyo nelibalulekileyo lokulawula i-emphysema kukuyeka. Wena nogqirha wakho ningasebenzisana ukufumana eyona ndlela ingcono yokwenza oku.
• Iibronchodilators: La mayeza aphumza izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya, evumela umoya omninzi ukuba ungene kwaye uphume emiphungeni. La mayeza adla ngokunikezelwa njengamayeza aphefumlwayo.
• Ii-corticosteroids ezifunxwayo: Ezi zinciphisa ukudumba kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus kwimibhobho yomoya. Kusenokufuneka uzithathe yonke imihla ukuze uthintele iimpawu.
• Ii-corticosteroids zomlomo: Ezi zinikwa ixesha elifutshane ngexesha lokuqhuma kwesikhumba.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zinikwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye ne-bronchitis.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala: Yehlisa ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya.
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba igazi lakho alifumani oksijini eyaneleyo kwimiphunga yakho (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -hypoxemia) , unyango lweoksijini lunokunceda. Ioksijini ihanjiswa ngomatshini nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski yobuso.
• Utyando Lokunciphisa Umthamo Wemiphunga (LVRS): Olu tyando lubandakanya ukususa inxalenye yezicubu zemiphunga ezigulayo kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona izicubu eziseleyo. Ukususa izicubu ezonakeleyo kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimisipha yokuphefumla kunye nokwandisa amandla emiphunga okukhula. Asinguye wonke umntu onokwenza olu tyando.
• Ukunciphisa umthamo wemiphunga nge-Bronchoscopic: Kule nkqubo, kufakwa ivalvu enendlela enye kwiindlela zomoya kusetyenziswa i-bronchoscope. Ezi valve zivumela umoya ukuba uphume emiphungeni, kodwa azivumeli umoya omtsha ukuba ungene. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphefumla. Oku akulungelanga wonke umntu.
• Ukufakelwa imiphunga: Ukuba une-emphysema enzima kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi, unokukwazi ukwenza ukufakelwa imiphunga okunempilo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imiphunga eyonakeleyo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-emphysema?

Imbono yakho ixhomekeke kubukhali be-emphysema yakho. Ukuba une-emphysema encinci, imeko yakho ilungile. Nangona kunjalo, ne-emphysema encinci inokuchaphazela eminye imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ingakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65. Iimpawu zinokuvela xa usenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukunyuka izinyuko, okanye ukunxiba. Ukuba une-emphysema enzima, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla, kwaye unokufuna uncedo lwezonyango rhoqo.

I-Emphysema ayinanyango. Nokuba uyeka ukutshaya, umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni yakho awuyi kubuyiselwa kwimeko yawo yangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sinokulawulwa ngonyango. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ubomi bakho bunokuba ngcono.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-emphysema?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-emphysema kukuphepha ukutshaya. Ukuyeka ukutshaya akulula. Kungathatha imizamo eliqela ukuze uyeke ngempumelelo. Ukuba ucinga ngokuyeka ukutshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angakunceda. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-emphysema:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya umsi ophuma kwabanye abantu, ungcoliseko lomoya, umsi weekhemikhali, uthuli, ipollen, kunye ne-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Jonga ikhaya lakho ukuba alinagesi yeradon.
• Nxiba imaski xa usebenza ngeekhemikhali okanye kwiindawo ezinothuli.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-emphysema, eyona ndlela ingcono yokuthintela iingxaki ezingakumbi kukuyeka ukutshaya nokuzikhusela kwizifo zokuphefumla. Ezi ngcebiso zinokukunceda uthintele izifo zokuphefumla:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Hlamba amazinyo akho nge-floss yonke imihla. Sebenzisa isicoci somlomo esibulala iintsholongwane emva kokutya.
• Gcina izixhobo zakho zokuphefumla zicocekile.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho licocekile kwaye uthuli rhoqo.
• Fumana amayeza akho okugonya ngexesha, kuquka ijekiseni yomkhuhlane, ijekiseni ye-pneumococcal, kunye nejekiseni ye-COVID-19.
• Fumana inkqubo yokuzilolonga kugqirha wakho uze uyilandele.
• Ziphephe izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa ezifana nomsi, umsi wemoto, iziqholo ezinamandla, iimveliso zokucoca, iipeyinti/iivarnish, uthuli, ipollen, kunye ne-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla enzima, fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima kunesiqhelo okanye uphelelwa ngumphefumlo lula.
• Ukuba uvelisa i-mucus eninzi kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuba i-mucus inombala otyheli okanye oluhlaza ngokungaqhelekanga.
• Ukuba udinga ukusebenzisa i-bronchodilator okanye iyeza lakho le-corticosteroid eliphefumlayo rhoqo.
• Ukuba amayeza akho abonakali ekunceda uzive ungcono.
• Ukuba ukukhwehlela kuyanda.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukulala ebusuku okanye uvuke phakathi kobusuku ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuba uziva ungenawo amandla.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa usiya kugqirha, lungela ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uyazi njani ukuba ndine-emphysema?
• Ukuba andinayo i-emphysema, zeziphi ezinye iingxaki zempilo endinazo?
• Zeziphi izinto ezinokwenza i-emphysema yam ibe mandundu?
• Ndingazi njani ukuba ukuphefumla kwam kuya kusiba mandundu?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ozicebisayo?
• Zeziphi iindlela zokuzilolonga ozicebisayo?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela usulelo lokuphefumla?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndiyeke ukutshaya?
• Ngaba kukho amaqela enkxaso anokundinceda ndiyeke ukutshaya?
• Ngaba ndifuna uvavanyo lweenkqubo zokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu okanye ukufakelwa imiphunga?

Ngaba i-COVID-19 ibangela i-emphysema?

Ukuba awunaso isifo semiphunga okanye umonakalo, i-COVID-19 inokubangela i-giant emphysema. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu. Zimbalwa kakhulu iingxelo zonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-COVID-19 kunye ne-giant emphysema. I-giant emphysema sisifo esiyingozi. Ukuba une-emphysema, iipokotho zomoya ziba nkulu, zigubungele malunga nesithathu semiphunga enye okanye yomibini. Oogqirha babiza ezi pokotho zomoya ezinkulu njenge-bullae (ubuninzi: i-bulla).

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Emphysema sisifo esingapheliyo esonakalisa iingxowa zomoya emiphungeni yakho, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Umonakalo obangelwa yi-emphysema awunakuguqulwa, kwaye unokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo ye-emphysema.Ukongeza kunyango, ukulandela icebiso lokuthintela usulelo lokuphefumla kuya kukunceda uphefumle lula. Ukufunyanwa kwesi sifo kwangethuba kunokukunceda uhlale uphilile ixesha elide. Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ingakumbi ukuba utshaya, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Unokuyixilonga i-emphysema aze enze isicwangciso sempilo esikufaneleyo. Emva koko ungaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ozithandayo. I-Emphysema, isifo semiphunga, ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukutshaya, i-COPD, i-bronchitis engapheliyo, isifo sokuphefumla