Zithini iThymoma kunye neThymic Carcinoma? Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzive into engaqhelekanga esifubeni sakho, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla? Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zinto zinokubangelwa zizizathu eziqhelekileyo nezingenabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza ezinxulumene ne -thymus gland . Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeentlobo ezimbini ezinjalo, ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza, iThymoma kunye neThymic Carcinoma . Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni iThymoma kunye neThymic Carcinoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma ziintlobo ezimbini zomhlaza eziqala kwi -thymus gland yakho. I-thymus gland ikwindawo engasemva kwethambo elikhulu eliphakathi kwesifuba sakho (ithambo lesifuba). Xa usemncinci, i-thymus gland inceda ekuphuhliseni ii-T-lymphocytes, okanye ii-T-cells, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi eliyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yomzimba wakho yokulwa nezifo. I-thymus gland ineentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli: iiseli ze-epithelial kunye nee-lymphocytes . Naluphi na kwezi ntlobo zeeseli lunokukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye lube ngumhlaza.

• I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zibangelwa kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli ze-epithelial.
• Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwee -lymphocytes kunokukhokelela kumhlaza ofana ne-Hodgkin lymphoma okanye i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma .

Ngenxa yokuba zombini i-thymomas kunye ne-thymic carcinomas ziqala kwiiseli ze-epithelial ze-thymus gland, oogqirha bazibiza ngokuba yi -Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) .

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweThymoma kunye neThymic Carcinoma?

Nangona zombini ziyi-thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), kukho umahluko obalulekileyo.

• I-Thymoma: Le yintsholongwane ekhula kancinci . Ayisasazeki kakhulu ngaphaya kwe-thymus gland.
• I-Thymic Carcinoma: Lo ngumhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza . Ukwanethuba elikhulu lokusasazeka (ukusasazeka kwe-metastasizing) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Kuxhomekeke ekubeni une-thymoma (uhlobo olungenamandla kangako) okanye i-thymic carcinoma (uhlobo olunamandla ngakumbi), unyango oluyalelwe ngugqirha wakho kunye ne-prognosis ziya kwahluka.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu zezi meko?

I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-75 ubudala. Izifundo kumazwe afana ne-United States zibonise ukuba esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu base-Asia okanye basePacific Islander. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba sinokukhula nakubani na. I-Thymoma idla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi -autoimmune paraneoplastic syndromes . Kulapho amajoni omzimba wakho ehlasela ngempazamo iiseli zawo eziphilileyo. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezingathandekiyo. Ezinye zeempawu ezixhaphake kakhulu kwi-thymoma ziquka:

• I-Myasthenia gravis: Le yimeko yokuzikhusela komzimba echaphazela imithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha, nto leyo ebangela ubuthathaka bemisipha .
• I-Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA): Esi sisifo segazi apho umongo wakho wethambo ungavelisi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia .
• I-Hypogammaglobulinemia (okanye i-Good syndrome): Olu bubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Apha, umzimba wakho awuvelisi ii-antibodies ezaneleyo zokulwa nezifo nokuthintela usulelo.

Ukongeza, ezinye izifo ze-paraneoplastic syndromes zinokunxulunyaniswa ne-thymoma, kodwa azixhaphakanga kangako. Umzekelo:

• I-Polymyositis
• I-Lupus erythematosus
• Irheumatoid arthritis
• I-thyroiditis
• Isifo sikaSjögren

Ziqheleke kangakanani i-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma?

I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza ezikhula kwi-thymus gland. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, ezi ziintaka ezingaqhelekanga . Umzekelo, nakwilizwe elikhulu njenge-United States, ngabantu abamalunga nama-400 kuphela abafunyaniswa benale sifo minyaka le.

Zithini iimpawu ze-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma?

Abantu abaninzi ababonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni.Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala xa umhlaza ukhulile kwaye uqalise ukuchaphazela amanye amalungu esifubeni. Ezinye zeempawu zinxulumene ne-paraneoplastic syndromes ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

Iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza ochaphazela ilungu lesifuba

Intlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla kunokuba ziimpawu ze-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma. Nazi iimpawu:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuziva uxinezelekile esifubeni.
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okungapheliyo.
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya.

Ngamanye amaxesha, la mathumba anokuvala okanye acinezele i -vena cava ephezulu, umthambo omkhulu othwala igazi uye entliziyweni. Oku kunokubangela imeko embi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi -vena cava syndrome ephezulu . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukudinwa
• Isiyezi
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukudumba kwentamo nobuso
• Ukudumba kwezandla neentende zezandla
• Imithambo ebonakalayo ngokucacileyo emzimbeni ongaphezulu

Iimpawu ze-paraneoplastic syndromes

Ukuba une-thymoma, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kweempawu ze-paraneoplastic syndromes. Umzekelo:

• Ukubona kabini, ukugoba kwamehlo, ukudinwa kakhulu, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha (ezi ziimpawu ze-myasthenia gravis).
• I-anemia (oku kusenokuba kubangelwa yi-aplasia yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi).
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo, urhudo, kunye ne-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo (ezi ziimpawu ze-hypogammaglobulinemia).

Zithini izizathu ze-thymoma (thymic carcinoma)?

Enyanisweni, akukho zinto zithile ezibangela umngcipheko wemfuza okanye wokusingqongileyo kwi-thymoma ezichongiweyo . Uphando lusaqhubeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba le meko inxulumene neentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, iimpembelelo zofuzo, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-thymoma (i-thymic carcinoma)? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa ukuba unolu hlobo lwethumba kuphela emva kokwenza uvavanyo lokujonga unobangela weempawu zakho. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko, banokwenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo ukuze bafunde ngakumbi ngesi sifo:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: I-X-reyi ingabonisa izinto ezifana neethumba emzimbeni. Ingabonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo, njengokuba imiphetho yethumba ichazwe kakuhle kangakanani. Ithumba elinemiphetho ecacileyo kulula ukulisusa ngotyando.
• Iskeni ye-CT:I-CT scan yesifuba lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lomfanekiso olusetyenziswa ukufumanisa i-thymoma. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo (i-contrast medium) emthanjeni wakho. Oku kuya kunceda ithumba libonakale ngokucacileyo kwi-scan. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-CT scan yanele ukufumanisa i-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma.
• I-MRI scan: I-MRI inokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi zethumba. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha ukuba alihlukanise nezinye iintlobo zokukhula. Umzekelo, i-MRI inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba yi-thymoma okanye yi-thymic carcinoma.
• I-PET scan okanye i-PET/CT scan: Ngexesha le-PET scan, ugqirha ufaka iswekile ekhuselekileyo, ene-radioactive emthanjeni wakho. Esi sisombululo siqokelelana kwiiseli ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi, njengeeseli zomhlaza. Oku kwenza izinto ezifana neethumba zibonakale ngakumbi kwi-scan. Rhoqo, i-PET scan kunye ne-CT scan zinokwenziwa ngaxeshanye (PET/CT).
• I-Biopsy: Eyona ndlela yokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho isifo kukwenza i-biopsy. Kulapho ugqirha ethatha khona isampuli yeeseli ezivela kwi-tumor aze azihlole phantsi kwe-microscope. Ukuba kukhuselekile ukwenza njalo, ugqirha uya kuyisusa yonke i-tumor aze ahlole iiseli. Ukuba yonke i-tumor ayinakususwa, kuya kuthathwa isampuli kuphela ukuze ihlolwe.

Ifunyanwa njani inqanaba le-thymoma (thymic carcinoma)?

Ukuhlelwa komhlaza kukwahlulwahlulwa komhlaza ngokwenqanaba lomhlaza. Zininzi izinto ezifunekayo ekumiseleni ubunzima besifo. Ukwazi inqanaba lomhlaza wakho kunceda ugqirha wakho acwangcise unyango kwaye akunike umbono wamathuba akho okusinda. I-Thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma zihlelwa ngokwenqanaba kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-TNM . I-TNM imele i-Tumor, Nodes, kunye ne-Metastasis. Ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza wakho, oogqirha bafuna iimpendulo kwimibuzo efana nale:

• Ithumba (T): Ngaba kukho ithumba? Lingakanani? Likuphi?
• Ii-Lymph Nodes (Ama-Nodes - N): Ngaba umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph nodes? Ngawaphi ama-lymph nodes? Usasazeke kangakanani?
• I-Metastasis (M): Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ezingaphandle kwe-thymus gland? Kweziphi iindawo?

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo zale mibuzo, ugqirha wakho uza kwahlula umhlaza wakho ngokwamanqanaba ukusuka kwi-I (enye) ukuya kwi-IV (ezine). Okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umhlaza usasazeka ngakumbi. Umzekelo, umhlaza wesigaba soku-1 usasazeke ngaphantsi komhlaza wesigaba sesi-IV. Ugqirha wakho unokuqwalasela nezinye izinto, njengokuba iiseli zomhlaza zingaqhelekanga kangakanani, ukuze abone ukuba imeko yakho imbi kangakanani.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-thymoma (thymic carcinoma)?

Unyango olufumanayo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza onawo, inqanaba lomhlaza, nokuba umhlaza usandula ukufunyaniswa okanye ubuyile. Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Utyando: Ugqirha wesifuba angasusa ithumba lakho ngotyando. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes, kwi-thymus gland, okanye kwi-lung lining, banokususa neenxalenye zalo. Utyando lolona nyango luphambili lwe-thymoma yesigaba sokuqala. Ukuba lonke ithumba alinakushenxiswa ngokukhuselekileyo, ugqirha uza kulisusa lonke kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze anciphise iimpawu ezibangelwa yithumba.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ingcali yomhlaza wemitha inokuhambisa imitha kumhlaza isebenzisa unyango lwemitha yangaphandle . Olu nyango lusebenzisa umatshini ukuqondisa ii-X-ray kwithumba ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa okanye idityaniswe nezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy okanye utyando.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukuba utyando alukwazi ukususa ithumba, unganikwa amayeza ekhemotherapy ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingcali yegazi okanye ingcali yesifo somhlaza ingakunika unyango lwekhemotherapy ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukunyanga umhlaza obuyileyo.
• Unyango olujoliswe kuko: Ukuba iiseli zakho zomhlaza zine -gene mutations ezithile, unganikwa unyango olujoliswe kuko. Olu nyango lwenzelwe ukujolisa kwezo gene mutations ezithile kwaye lubulale iiseli zomhlaza. Olu lukhetho lonyango lwe-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-chemotherapy, azisebenzanga.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu nyango luqinisa inkqubo yakho yomzimba ukuze ikwazi ukubona nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu lukhetho lwe-thymic carcinoma engaphenduliyo kwi-chemotherapy.
• Uvavanyo lweklinikhi: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luphononongo oluvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha okanye olwahlukileyo lomhlaza. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho, ungafaneleka kwenye yezi nkqubo ezivavanya unyango olutsha lomhlaza. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba usebenzisane neqela lezonyango zokuthomalalisa umhlaza ukuze likuxhase kulo lonke ixesha lokuxilongwa kwakho ngumhlaza. Iingcali zonyango zokuthomalalisa umhlaza ziquka oogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nezinye iingcali. Banokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango. Nokuba umhlaza wakho ungakanani na okanye amathuba akho okuchacha, unyango lokuthomalalisa umhlaza luluncedo kakhulu.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kwi-thymoma kunye ne-thymic carcinoma?

Ngokubanzi, ii-thymomas zinomlinganiselo ongcono kune-thymic carcinomas. Kwakhona, ukuba umhlaza uxhomekeke kwi-thymus gland, izinga lokusinda lingcono kunokuba umhlaza usasazeke. Amanani okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwi-thymic carcinoma ngala alandelayo (khumbula, la manani aphakathi):

• Ukuba umhlaza ukwi-thymus gland kuphela: 95%
• Ukuba isasazeke kwizitho ezikufutshane nakwii-lymph nodes: 78%
• Ukuba isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (i-metastasized): 38%

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo azithatheli ngqalelo izinto ezithile ezifana nempilo yakho iyonke, uhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lomhlaza, okanye indlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Izinga lokusinda kwakho limiselwa zizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela ezi zinto. Ngoko ke ungothuswa ngala manani.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinomhlaza?

Kwezinye iimeko, zonke iimpawu zomhlaza zinokuphela ngokupheleleyo (ukuxolelwa) , kwaye umhlaza usenokungabuyi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, zombini ezi ntlobo zomhlaza zinokubuya (ziphinde zibuye) . Kwimeko ye-thymoma, umhlaza ungaqhubeka ixesha elide ungabuyi. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube notyelelo lokulandelela rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunayo umhlaza.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Thetha neqela lakho lezonyango malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho kunye neendlela zonyango. Ungathandabuzi ukubuza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nomhlaza kunye nendlela oza kuyichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho. Ungathanda ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ithini inqanaba lomhlaza wam?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ngaba ndiyafaneleka na ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi? Ungandicebisa ukuba ndithathe inxaxheba?
• Iyintoni injongo yonyango?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga endimele ndizilindele?
• Ndingalindela nini ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziqale?
• Lithini ithuba lokuba umhlaza uphinde ubuye?
• Ukuxilongwa kwam kunye nonyango kuza kuyichaphazela njani ubomi bam?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukuxilongwa kwe-thymoma okanye i-thymic carcinoma kunokuthetha izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iithumba zikhula kancinci, ngelixa ezinye zinobundlongondlongo ngakumbi. Ezinye zinokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, kodwa ezinye zisenokuba zisasazekile ngexesha ugqirha wakho ezifumene ngalo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela umhlaza wakho oza kuyichaphazela ngayo imiphumo yonyango lwakho.Kwakhona, xoxa ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zokhetho ngalunye lonyango olunokwenzeka. Khumbula, awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha, usapho, kunye nabahlobo abanokukunceda ujongane nale meko. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye ube nethemba. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. ` i-thymoma, i-thymic carcinoma, i-thymus gland, umhlaza, iintlungu zesifuba, ukukhwehlela, i-myasthenia gravis, i-autoimmune, unyango lomhlaza, umhlaza, i-thymoma, i-thymic carcinoma, i-thymus gland