Ngaba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngomhlaza wemiphunga? Makhe sithethe ngawo ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha wakhathazeka ngento efana nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba yinto encinci, kodwa inokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo abantu abaninzi abasoyikayo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqaphele. Loo mhlaza wemiphunga, okanye `(Umhlaza wemiphunga)`. Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo esenzeka xa iiseli ezikwimiphunga yakho ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo. Iiseli emzimbeni wethu ziyahlukana ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zenze iiseli ezintsha ngalo lonke ixesha. Yiloo nto inceda umzimba wethu ukhule kwaye ulungise izicubu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho oluthile `(utshintsho)` lwenzeka kwezi seli. Emva koko ezi seli ziqala ukwahlukana nokuba azifanelekanga. Ezi seli zingalawulwayo zokwahlula ziyahlangana kwaye zenze `(iithumba). Ngenxa yezi tumors, amalungu afana nemiphunga yethu awakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Umhlaza wemiphunga ligama elinikwa ii-cancers eziqala emiphungeni. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi ziqala emiphungeni, kwiindawo ezifana ne-bronchi okanye i-bronchioles okanye ii-air sacs ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza oqala kwezinye iindawo unokusasazeka uye emiphungeni. Oogqirha ke ngoko bayibiza ngokuba 'ngumhlaza osasazeka emiphungeni yakho'. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ubizwa ngegama apho waqala khona.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezichaphazela imiphunga, xa sithetha 'ngomhlaza wemiphunga' sidla ngokubhekisa kwiintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Ezi zi-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) kunye ne-small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci (i-NSCLC)

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ngaphezulu kwama-80% ezigulane zomhlaza wemiphunga zinalo olu hlobo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zolu hlobo. Umzekelo, `(Adenocarcinoma)` kunye `(Squamous cell carcinoma)` zinokukhankanywa. `(Adenosquamous carcinoma)` kunye `(Sarcomatoid carcinoma)` nazo ziintlobo ezimbini eziwela phantsi kwe `(NSCLC)`, kodwa azixhaphakanga kangako.

Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC)

Olu hlobo lwe-`(SCLC)` lukhula ngokukhawuleza kune-`(NSCLC)` kwaye kunzima kancinci ukulunyanga. Ludla ngokufumaneka njengethumba elincinci emiphungeni, kodwa ngelo xesha lusenokuba lusasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Iintlobo ezithile ze-`(SCLC)` zezi `(Small cell carcinoma)` (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(oat cell carcinoma)`) kunye ne-`(Combined small cell carcinoma)`.

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokwenzeka emiphungeni

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini ziphambili, kukho ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza eziqala emiphungeni okanye ezijikeleze imiphunga. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-lymphomas, ii-sarcomas, kunye ne-pleural mesothelioma. Ezi zinyangwa ngokwahlukileyo kwaye aziqhelekanga ukubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Xa umhlaza ufunyaniswa, oogqirha bajonga inqanaba okulo. Oku kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bethumba lokuqala, ukuba lisasazeke kangakanani kwizicubu ezikufutshane, nokuba lisasazeke na kwi-lymph nodes okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Uhlobo ngalunye lomhlaza lunenkqubo eyahlukileyo yokulinganisa.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga

Isigaba ngasinye sinokuba neendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu kunye nokusasazeka. Umzekelo, umhlaza kwisigaba sesi-3 unokuba mncinci kunesinye kwisigaba sesi-2. Nangona kunjalo, uthathwa njengophambili ngenxa yezinye izinto. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo omhlaza wemiphunga ngala:

• Inqanaba 0 (Inqanaba 0 - Ukwindawo yokuhlala): Umhlaza ukwindawo ephezulu yemiphunga okanye ibronchi kuphela. Awukasasazeki kwezinye iindawo zemiphunga okanye ngaphandle kwemiphunga.
• Inqanaba lokuQala: Umhlaza awukasasazeki ngaphandle kwemiphunga.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Umhlaza mkhulu kunenqanaba loku-1, usasazeke kwii-lymph nodes ngaphakathi kwimiphunga, okanye kukho iithumba ezingaphezu kwesinye kwi-lobe enye yemiphunga.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza mkhulu kunenqanaba lesi-2, usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye kwizakhiwo ezingqongileyo, okanye kukho iithumba ezingaphezu kwesinye kwenye indawo yomphunga ofanayo.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke uye komnye umphunga, ulwelo olujikeleze umphunga , ulwelo olujikeleze intliziyo , okanye amalungu akude.

Amanqanaba Alinganiselweyo Nabanzi - kwiCarcinoma yeeSeli ezincinci (i-SCLC)

Nangona oogqirha ngoku besebenzisa amanqanaba afanayo athi ``I`` ukuya ku ``IV`` kwi ``SCLC``, ungaziva amagama athi ``inqanaba elilinganiselweyo`` okanye ``inqanaba elaneleyo``. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza uphelele kwindawo ethile enokunyangelwa ``ngentsimi enye yemitha``.

• Inqanaba elilinganiselweyo le-SCLC livalelwe kwimiphunga enye. Ngamanye amaxesha isenokuba isasazeke kwii-lymph nodes eziphakathi kwesifuba okanye kwii-lymph nodes ezikwicala elinye ngaphezulu kwe-collarbone.
• Umhlaza we-SCLC okwinqanaba eliphezulu usenokuba usasazeke kuwo wonke umphunga, okanye usenokuba usasazeke komnye umphunga, ukuya kuma-lymph nodes kwelinye icala lomphunga, okanye nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Yintoni umhlaza wemiphunga osasazekayo?

Umhlaza wemiphunga osasazekayo ngumhlaza oqala kwimiphunga enye uze usasazeke uye kwenye imiphunga okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ukunyanga olu hlobo lomhlaza osasazekayo kunzima kunokunyanga imiphunga efumaneka kwindawo ethile.

Uqheleke kangakanani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Kumazwe afana ne-United States, umhlaza wemiphunga lolona hlobo lwesithathu oluxhaphakileyo lomhlaza. Ngokweenkqubo zempilo kula mazwe, amatyala amatsha omhlaza wemiphunga angaphezu kwamakhulu amabini amawaka axelwa minyaka le. Oku kunokuthathwa njengengxaki enkulu yezempilo eSri Lanka.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga ziyafana nezezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu de isifo sibe sibi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basenokuba neempawu kwasekuqaleni. Nokuba banazo iimpawu, basenokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kuya kuba mandundu.
• Ubunzima okanye ukuphefumla kancinci (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki.
• Ukuphefumla sisandi sokukhala esiphuma esifubeni.
• Ukukhohlela igazi (i-hemoptysis) .
• Ilizwi liya litsho ngamandla.
• Ukutya akunancasa .
• Ukuba mncinci ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Intlungu yamagxa .
• Ukudumba kobuso, intamo, iingalo, okanye isifuba esingaphezulu (i-Superior vena cava syndrome).
• Iliso elinye livuleke kakhulu, iliso liyagoba, kwaye ukubila kwelinye icala kuyancipha okanye akukho (isifo sikaHorner).

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okanye i-pneumonia engapheliyo nangona unyango lunokuba luphawu lokuqala lomhlaza wemiphunga. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangelwa zezinye iimeko ezingabalulekanga kangako. Iimpawu zokuqala eziqhelekileyo kukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okanye okubi ngakumbi, ukuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu zesifuba, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza wemiphunga uqala phi, ezinye zezi mpawu zinokwenzeka kumanqanaba okuqala (inqanaba loku-1 okanye lesi-2). Kodwa zihlala zivela emva kokuba umhlaza udlulele kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe umhlaza wemiphunga ukuba usemngciphekweni.

Ingaba umhlaza wemiphunga ungahlala ixesha elingakanani ungaziwa?

Umhlaza ungakhula emzimbeni wakho iminyaka emininzi ungakhange uqaphele. Umhlaza wemiphunga awusoloko ubonisa iimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Umhlaza wemiphunga uvela xa iiseli ezingadingi ngokwenene ukwahlukana ziqhubeka zahlukana. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukwahlukana kweeseli yinkqubo eqhelekileyo. Kodwa iseli nganye inotshintsho olubizwa ngokuba yi-"senescence" oluthi, "Kwanele, ungasahlukani kwakhona", okanye indlela yokufa xa kufuneka (i-apoptosis). Olu tshintsho lusebenza xa iseli yahlukana kakhulu, okanye xa ineenguqu ezininzi kakhulu (iinguqu). Iiseli zomhlaza ziiseli eziqhelekileyo emizimbeni yethu ezine-"inguqu" ezisuse olo tshintsho. Emva koko iiseli ziyaqhubeka zahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo, ziphazamisana neeseli zethu eziqhelekileyo. Ezi seli zomhlaza zinokungena egazini okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic, zihambe ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kwaye zisasaze umonakalo. Asazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu bephuhlisa olu tshintsho kwaye baphuhlise umhlaza, ngelixa abanye bengenjalo. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile, njengokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba, zingonakalisa iiseli zakho kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga

Nangona zininzi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga, eyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko kukusetyenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwecuba, njengeecuba, iicuba, kunye neepayipi. Iingcali zithi ama-80% abantu ababulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga banxulumene nokutshaya. Ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ziquka:

• Ukutshaya umsi ophuma komnye umntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba utshaya umsi ophuma komnye umntu xa ukufutshane nomntu otshayayo, nokuba awutshayi.
• Ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezinobungozi ezifana nongcoliseko lomoya, i-radon, i-asbestos, i-uranium, umsi wedizili, i-silica, kunye neemveliso zamalahle.
• Ekubeni sele ndifumene unyango lwe-radiation esifubeni ngaphambili (umzekelo, umhlaza webele okanye i-lymphoma).
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga (utyekelo oluzuzwe njengelifa).

Ngaba ukufunxa umoya kubangela umhlaza wemiphunga?

Xa uvape (usebenzisa isixhobo esiphefumla umxube we-nicotine kunye neencasa), ungaphefumla izinto ezininzi, kuquka izinto ezaziwa ngokuba zibangela umhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba uvape usemtsha, asazi zonke iziphumo zayo zexesha elide. Kodwa iingcali zikholelwa ukuba inokubangela umonakalo emiphungeni.

Ngaba abantu abangatshayiyo banokungenwa ngumhlaza wemiphunga?

Nangona ukutshaya kuyingozi enkulu yomhlaza wemiphunga, malunga nama-20% abantu abafunyaniswe benale ngxaki abakaze batshaye. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha ukuba uneempawu ezikrokrisayo.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Ukuchonga umhlaza wemiphunga yinkqubo enamanyathelo amaninzi. Xa uqala ukubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango, aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba (njengokumamela intliziyo nemiphunga yakho). Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga zifana nezezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho angaqala ngokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-X-ray yesifuba. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba usenokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, amanyathelo alandelayo aza kuba kukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo zomfanekiso, ezifana ne-CT scan, kunye ne-biopsy. Oku kungabandakanya i-PET/CT scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na, kunye nokuhlola izicubu zomhlaza kwi-biopsy ukuze kuchongwe unyango olungcono.

Ngaba i-X-ray yesifuba ingabonisa umhlaza wemiphunga?

Ii-X-reyi azilunganga njenge-CT scans zokubonisa amathumba emiphungeni, ingakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala. Amathumba asenokuba mancinci kakhulu ukuba angabonwa kwi-X-reyi, okanye asenokufihlwa zezinye izakhiwo emzimbeni (ezifana neembambo). I-X-reyi ayinakukwazi ukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomhlaza wemiphunga – ingabonisa ugqirha kuphela ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo ekufuneka ihlolwe ngakumbi.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuxilonga umhlaza wemiphunga?

Uvavanyo ugqirha wakho anokuthi alucele luquka uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwemifanekiso, kunye ne-fluid okanye i-tissue biopsies.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alunakukwazi ukufumanisa umhlaza, kodwa lunokunceda ugqirha wakho abone indlela amalungu akho kunye nezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho ezisebenza ngayo.

Uvavanyo lokufota

Ii-X-reyi zesifuba kunye nee-CT scans zinika ugqirha wakho imifanekiso yotshintsho olukwimiphunga yakho. I-PET/CT scan idla ngokwenziwa ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo efunyenwe kwi-CT scan, okanye emva kokuba umhlaza ufunyenwe ukuze kubonwe ukuba usasazekile na.

I-Biopsy

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ugqirha wakho anokuzisebenzisa ukuze abone ngcono okwenzekayo esifubeni sakho. Kwezi ndlela, ugqirha wakho angathatha isampuli yezicubu okanye ulwelo (i-biopsy). Angayijonga phantsi kwe-microscope ukubona ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza kunye nokuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza. Ezi sampuli zinokuvavanywa notshintsho lwemfuza (utshintsho) olunokuchaphazela unyango lwakho. Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa umhlaza wemiphunga kwangethuba okanye ukufumana okungakumbi malunga nokusasazeka kwawo ziquka:

• I-biopsy yenaliti: Kule nto, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampuli yolwelo okanye izicubu.
• Utyando lweBronchoscopy, iThoracoscopy, okanye utyando lwesifuba oluncediswa yiVidiyo (VATS): Ugqirha usebenzisa ezi nkqubo ukujonga iindawo ezithile zemiphunga nokuthatha iisampuli zezicubu.
• I-Thoracentesis: Ugqirha usebenzisa le nkqubo ukuze athathe isampuli yolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga yakho aze aluvavanye.
• I-ultrasound ye-Endobronchial okanye i-ultrasound ye-Endoscopic esophageal: Ugqirha usebenzisa ezi ndlela ukujonga ii-lymph nodes kunye nokwenza ii-biopsies.
• I-Mediastinoscopy okanye i-mediastinotomy: Ugqirha usebenzisa ezi nkqubo ukujonga indawo ephakathi kwemiphunga (i-mediastinum) aze athathe iisampuli.

Uvavanyo lweMolekyuli

Njengenxalenye ye-biopsy, ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya isampuli yakho yezicubu ukuze abone utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo (iinguqu) ezinokujoliswa kumayeza akhethekileyo. Le yinxalenye yesicwangciso sakho sonyango. Kwi-NSCLC, izakhi zofuzo ezinokuba notshintsho olunokujoliswa kuzo zezi:

• `(KRAS)`
• `(EGFR)`
• `(ALK)`
• `(ROS1)`
• `(I-BRAF)`
• `(RET)`
• `(MET)`
• `(HER2)`
• `(NTRK)`

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Injongo yonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kukususa umhlaza emzimbeni wakho okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwawo. Olu nyango lunokususa iiseli zomhlaza, luzitshabalalise, luzithintele ukuba zingahlukani, okanye lufundise amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nawo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zikwasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu. Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga onawo, apho ukhoyo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Ngawaphi amayeza/unyango olusetyenziswa kumhlaza wemiphunga?

Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga luquka utyando, i-radiofrequency ablation (RFA), unyango lwe-radiation, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwamayeza ajoliswe kuwo, kunye ne-immunotherapy.

Utyando

Utyando luyafumaneka kumhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci (i-NSCLC) ongasasazekanga kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga oneseli enye (i-SCLC). Ugqirha wakho uza kususa umhlaza kunye nezicwili eziphilileyo ezijikeleze wona ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunika ithuba elihle lokuba umhlaza ungabuyi, kufuneka utyando lokususa yonke okanye inxalenye yomphunga wakho.

Ukususwa kweRadiofrequency (RFA)

Kwizihlunu zomhlaza wemiphunga ezingezizo iiseli ezincinci (i-NSCLC) kufutshane nemiphetho engaphandle yemiphunga, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ngamanye amaxesha luyasetyenziswa. I-RFA isebenzisa amaza erediyo anamandla aphezulu ukufudumeza nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwemitha lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Lungenziwa lodwa okanye njengoncedo lotyando ukuze luphumelele ngakumbi. Unyango lwemitha lukwasetyenziswa njengonyango lokudambisa iintlungu - ukunciphisa iithumba nokunciphisa iintlungu. Lusetyenziswa kwi-NSCLC nakwi-SCLC.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindibaniselwano yamayeza adla ngokusetyenziswa ukunqanda ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Inganikwa ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando, okanye idityaniswe namanye amayeza, afana ne-immunotherapy. I-Chemotherapy yomhlaza wemiphunga idla ngokunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).

Unyango olujoliswe kumayeza

Abanye abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci (i-NSCLC) banotshintsho oluthile (iinguqu) kwiiseli zabo zomhlaza wemiphunga ezinceda umhlaza ukuba ukhule. Amayeza akhethekileyo ajolise kolu tshintsho kwaye azama ukulawula okanye ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Amanye amayeza, abizwa ngokuba yi-angiogenesis inhibitors, anokuthintela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emitsha efunekayo ukuze iiseli zomhlaza zikhule.

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

Imizimba yethu idla ngokubona kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezonakeleyo okanye ezingaphilanga kakuhle. Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza zinokuzifihla kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye zingabonwa. I-immunotherapy isebenza ngokuveza iiseli zomhlaza kwinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela. Umzimba wakho unokulwa nomhlaza emva koko.

Ukhathalelo lwentlungu

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zomhlaza wemiphunga zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu ezifana neentlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Ezi ziquka unyango olunciphisa okanye olususa iithumba ezivala iindlela zomoya, kunye neendlela zokususa ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga kwaye luyithintele ukuba ingaphinde iqokelelane.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga zixhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olufumanayo. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ezingalindelekanga onokuzilindela kunye neengxaki omele uziqaphele ngonyango lwakho oluthile.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

• Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza.
• Urhudo.
• Ukulahleka kweenwele.
• Ukudinwa.
• Izilonda zomlomo.
• Ukulahlekelwa zimvakalelo, ubuthathaka, okanye ukuba ndindisholo (i-neuropathy).

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

• Ukudinwa.
• Ukurhawuzelela okurhawuzelelayo.
• Urhudo.
• Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu yamalungu.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezongezelelweyo zinokubakho ngenxa yeengxaki (umz., i-pneumonitis, i-colitis, i-hepatitis).

Unyango ngemitha

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Intlungu.
• Ukudinwa.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ulusu olomileyo, olurhawuzelelayo, okanye olubomvu.
• Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza.

Utyando

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Intlungu eludongeni lwesifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukudinwa.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu kunye nemiphumo emibi?

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwakho. Ingcali yokhathalelo lwentlungu okanye ingcali yokutya inokukunceda ulawule iintlungu zakho okanye ezinye iimpawu kwaye iphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho ngelixa ufumana unyango.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndinomhlaza wemiphunga?

Oko unokukulindela emva kokuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza wemiphunga kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kwabanye abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba lokuqala, oogqirha baya kuwususa umhlaza baze baqhubeke nokuhlolwa emva kweminyaka eliqela. Kwabanye abaninzi, le yinkqubo etshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungazama unyango olunye de lusebenze, uze utshintshele kolunye unyango xa lungasasebenzi.

Ngaba umhlaza wemiphunga usasazeka ngokukhawuleza?

Indlela umhlaza wemiphunga osasazeka ngayo ngokukhawuleza ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwawo. Kwiintlobo eziphambili, umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC) udla ngokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunomhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci (i-NSCLC). Ngexesha lokufunyanwa komhlaza wemiphunga, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ngaba umhlaza wemiphunga unganyangeka?

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga, ukuba zifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba zisasazeke, zinokuthathwa njengezinyangiweyo. Kodwa iingcali azisebenzisi igama elithi "cured" ukuchaza umhlaza. Zisebenzisa amagama athi "remission" okanye "no evidence of disease (NED)." Ukuba ubusele uphilile okanye "NED" iminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu, ungathathwa njengophilisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba iiseli zomhlaza ziya kubuya.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda komhlaza wemiphunga?

Izinga lokusinda komhlaza wemiphunga lixhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani xa ufunyaniswa, ukuba usabela kakuhle kangakanani kunyango, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nezinye izinto. Umzekelo, kwiithumba ezincinci ezingasasazekanga kwii-lymph nodes, izinga lokusinda liyi-90% kwiithumba ezincinci kune-1 sentimitha, i-85% kwiithumba eziphakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 sentimitha, kunye ne-80% kwiithumba eziphakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 sentimitha. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kumhlaza wemiphunga ofunyaniswa nakweyiphi na inqanaba liyi-22.9%. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ngokwesigaba somhlaza ngala alandelayo:

• Kumhlaza ohlala kwindawo ethile kwimiphunga enye: 61.2% (64% kwi-NSCLC, 29% kwi-SCLC)
• Kumhlaza osasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes (zengingqi): 33.5% (37% kwi-`(NSCLC)`, 18% kwi-`(SCLC)`)
• Kwimihlaza ekude: 7% (26% kwi-NSCLC, 3% kwi-SCLC)

Kodwa khumbula, ezi zibalo azibonisi ngokuchanekileyo ukuxilongwa kwakho kunye nonyango oluthile.Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni, amazinga okufa kwabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga aye ehla ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Zithini izinga lokusinda xa kuthelekiswa?

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa oko kubizwa ngokuba ngamazinga okusinda eminyaka emihlanu ukuchaza indlela umhlaza wakho wemiphunga onokuchaphazela ngayo impilo yakho emva kweminyaka emihlanu uxilongiwe. La manani athelekisa izinga lokusinda komntu onomhlaza wemiphunga nelomntu okwiminyaka efanayo.

Ungawuthintela njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Ngenxa yokuba asazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela uninzi lomhlaza, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokuwuthintela kukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokunciphisa ngazo umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukungatshayi, okanye ukuba uyayeka, ukuyeka. Umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga uqala ukwehla kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuyeka.
• Ukuphepha ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu kunye nezinye izinto ezinokwenzakalisa imiphunga yakho.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno (iikomityi ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu ezinesiqingatha ngosuku) kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko womhlaza.
• Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu, jonga umhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga

Uvavanyo lokuhlola lunokwandisa amathuba akho okufumanisa umhlaza kwisigaba sawo sokuqala. Ukuba uyazifezekisa zonke ezi mfuno, ufanelekile ukuba uhlolwe umhlaza wemiphunga:

• Ukuba uneminyaka ephakathi kwama-50 nama-80 ubudala.
• Ukuba ngoku ungumntu otshayayo, okanye ukuba uyeke ukutshaya kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo.
• Ukuba unembali yokutshaya iminyaka engama-20 (inani leepakethi zecuba ozitshayayo ngosuku liphindaphindwe ngenani leminyaka oye watshaya ngayo),

Buza ugqirha wakho ngeenzuzo kunye neengozi zokwenza olu vavanyo kube kanye ngonyaka.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuzinyamekela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhathalelo lomhlaza. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzinyamekela ngazo, nokuba unyangwa okanye uyachacha:

• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiza nomhlobo okanye ilungu losapho ukuze ubone ugqirha wakho. Baza kukunceda ukhumbule ulwazi kunye nezinye iindlela ugqirha akunika zona.
• Cwangcisa kwangaphambili indlela oza kuziva ngayo kwiintsuku ezilandelayo emva konyango. Oku kungabandakanya ukucela uncedo olongezelelweyo, ukulungiselela ukutya kwangaphambili, okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba uneshedyuli elula.
• Nokuba awuziva kakuhle, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale unamanzi.
• Zilolonge ukuba kunokwenzeka kwaye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisa.
• Gcina iinombolo zefowuni ezibalulekileyo zikufutshane. Usenokuba ubona oogqirha abaninzi, ngoko ke kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba ngubani oza kumfowunela ukuba unengxaki.
• Cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso, nokuba lelasekuhlaleni okanye kwi-intanethi. Ukuba kunye nabantu abaye badlula kwinto efanayo kunokukunceda ufumane umbono ofanelekileyo kwaye wazi ukuba ulindele ntoni.

Wakuba ugqibile unyango, inkxaso nokuzinyamekela kunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Musa ukuthandabuza ukucela uncedo okanye isikhokelo. Qiniseka ukuba ulandelela njengoko ugqirha wakho ecebisa.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? / Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wam?

Ukuba uneempawu ezikukhathazayo, bona ugqirha wakho. Ukuba utshaya okanye ukhe watshaya ngaphambili, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa komhlaza wemiphunga. Eminye imibuzo onokumbuza yona ugqirha wakho ibandakanya:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinokukhetha kuzo?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuzinyamekela ekhaya?
• Luza kuba njani unyango?
• Ngawaphi amanyathelo am alandelayo?
• Zeziphi iinombolo ezibalulekileyo onokuzifowunela ukuba unemibuzo okanye xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga endifanele ndithethe nawe ngazo?
• Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga kunokubangela iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ulwazi olutsha lunokuba nzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba amanani-manani awakwazi ukuqikelela ukuba unyango lwakho luza kuhamba njani okanye ukuba zeziphi izigqibo eziya kufaneleka kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ngoncedo lwabahlobo abathembekileyo okanye iqela lenkxaso, ungafumana uncedo lokuqwalasela ukhetho lwakho kunye nokuveza iminqweno yakho. Unyango lomhlaza ludla ngokuba yinkqubo, kwaye ukuzinyamekela yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo esibi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukutshaya, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango ukuba unezinto ezinobungozi. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga naziphi na iimpawu, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango. Khumbula, awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

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Umhlaza Wemiphunga, Umhlaza Wemiphunga, Iimpawu Zomhlaza, Iimbangela Zomhlaza, Unyango Lomhlaza, Ukutshaya, i-NSCLC, i-SCLC, Impilo Yemiphunga