Ukuhlolwa komntwana kwiinyanga ezimbini (Utyelelo lomntwana osempilweni): Ngaba kufuneka sixoxe ngezi zinto nogqirha?

Molo! Umntwana wakho omncinci uneenyanga ezimbini ngoku, akunjalo? Kuyamangalisa indlela ixesha elihamba ngayo! Ngeli xesha limbini, ukuvavanywa komntwana wakho ngugqirha okanye umbelethisi kubaluleke kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngento eyenzekayo kweli vavanyo, into omele uyilindele, kunye nendlela yokukhathalela umntwana wakho de kufike uhlolo olulandelayo.

Yintoni ekhangelwa ngugqirha ngeli xesha lokuhlolwa?

Xa usisa umntwana wakho ekliniki, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kujongana nezinto ezimbalwa. Ungakhathazeki, konke oku kwenzelwa ukunceda wena nomntwana wakho.

Ukulinganisa ukukhula komntwana

Okokuqala, balinganisa ubunzima bomntwana, ubude bakhe, kunye nobubanzi bentloko yakhe baze bazibhale kwitshathi yokukhula . Le yindlela ugqirha anokubona ngayo ukuba ukukhula komntwana kuyahambelana neminyaka yakhe kwaye kusempilweni. Oku kufana "nengxelo yenkqubela phambili" yomntwana.

Ukubuza imibuzo, ukumamela iingxaki zakho

Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa malunga nenkqubo yemihla ngemihla yomntwana wakho. Ukuba unemibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye iinkxalabo, eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokubuza.

• Indlela yokuncancisa: Ugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo uza kubuza malunga nendlela yokuncancisa yomntwana. Umntwana wakho usenokuba akanalo ubisi ixesha elide ngoku kunangaphambili. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha banokuba "namaqebengwana" apho bafuna ubisi ngokulandelelana. Oku kuqhelekile.
• Ukuba uncancisa : Umntwana onjalo udla ngokuncancisa malunga namaxesha asibhozo ngemini.
• Ukuba utyisa ubisi lwebhokhwe: Umntwana wakho uya kufuna malunga nee-ounces ezingama-26-28 (780-840 milliliters) zebisi ngosuku.

Khumbula, ayizizo zonke iintsana ezifanayo. Yondla ngokwendlala yomntwana wakho.

• Ukuchama kunye nokuphuma kwendle: Umntwana wakho kufuneka asele iinapukeni ezimanzi izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini. Inani lamaxesha aphuma ngawo indle kusenokwenzeka ukuba liye lehla kancinci ngoku.
• Indle yeentsana ezincanciswayo idla ngokuba nombala otyheli, ibe lulwelo kancinci, ingabi namathambo, kwaye ithambile.
• Iintsana ezincanciswa ubisi lwebhokhwe kufuneka zibe nendle eqinileyo kancinci, kodwa kungabi nzima njengelitye. Ukuba zineempawu zokuqhinwa, xelela ugqirha wakho.

• Ukulala: Umntwana wakho usenokuba uqala ukuhlala ephaphile ixesha elide emini aze alale ngakumbi ebusuku.
• Usana oluncancisayo lunokulala malunga neeyure ezi-4-5 ebusuku.
• Umntwana onceliswa ubisi lwebele angalala iiyure ezi-5-6 ngokulandelelana.
• Kodwa nangona uneminyaka eli shumi , kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuvuka kube kanye okanye kabini ebusuku ukuze usele ubisi.

• Iziganeko Zophuhliso: Kwiinyanga ezimbini, iintsana zihlala ziqala ukwenza izinto ezithile. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba ziimpawu zophuhliso .
• Ngaba benza ezinye izandi ezincinci (ukubhonga, ukugquma) ngaphandle kokulila?
• Ingaba iyathusa okanye iyasabela kwingxolo enkulu?
• Ngaba uziva uzolile xa uthetha okanye uthatha okungakumbi?
• Ngaba ujonge ngqo ebusweni bakho?
• Ngaba ujonga ithoyizi nokuba yimizuzwana embalwa ngexesha?
• Xa uncuma, uthetha, okanye udlala, ngaba uyazincumela? (Oku kubizwa ngokuba luncumo loluntu, yinto entle!)
• Ingaba umntwana wakho uyayiphakamisa intloko yakhe kancinci xa elele ngesisu (ngexesha lesisu)?
• Ngaba uyakwazi ukuzishukumisa kakuhle iingalo nemilenze yakho?
• Ngaba ukubamba izandla zakho kunye kukwenza uzivule okwethutyana?

Ukuba umntwana wakho akenzi nanye kwezi zinto, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi akenzi nto wayeyenza ngaphambili, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Ayingabo bonke abantwana abakhula ngesantya esifanayo, kodwa ugqirha wakho unokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ilungile.

Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba

Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kumkhulula umntwana ngokupheleleyo (uza kwenza oku phambi kwakhe, ungoyiki) aze amhlole. Ngeli xesha:

• Amehlo ayahlolwa.
• Bamamela intliziyo nge-stethoscope baze bajonge ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• Ujonga ukuba izinqe zibekwe kakuhle na.
• Ingqwalasela inikwa nakwintshukumo yomntwana kunye nethoni yemisipha.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo (Uvavanyo lovavanyo) ukuba kuyimfuneko

Ugqirha uza kujonga iziphumo zovavanyo oluthile olwenziwe esibhedlele apho umntwana wazalelwa khona. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, olo vavanyo lunokuphindwa.

Ukunika izitofu zokugonya

Ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela umntwana wakho kwizifo ezinzulu. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubanika imigonyo efanelekileyo ngexesha. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho imigonyo embalwa enikwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini. Ishedyuli yokugonywa inokwahluka kancinci kugqirha ngamnye, ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto.

Ingqwalasela kwimpilo yengqondo kamama

Uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeletha , imeko efunyanwa ngoomama emva kokuba nomntwana, ixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba ucinga. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho enokukucela ukuba ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo elifutshane ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngemeko yakho yengqondo. Ukuba uziva uxhalabile, ulusizi, okanye ukhathazekile, musa ukukufihla oko kwaye uxelele ugqirha wakho. Asinto yokuba neentloni ngayo, kwaye ungafumana uncedo.

Gcina ezi zinto engqondweni de uhlolwe kwakhona (kwiinyanga ezi-4).

Kulungile, ngoku uhlolo lweenyanga ezimbini luphelile. Uhlolo olukhulu olulandelayo luza kuba xa umntwana eneenyanga ezine ubudala. Kude kube ngoko, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzinyamekele.

Masizinyamekele ukutya neziselo.

• Musa ukuqala ukutya okuqinileyo okwangoku.Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho porridge, irayisi ecoliweyo, okanye ijusi yeziqhamo. Usana lusafuna ubisi lwebele kuphela okanye ubisi lwefomyula oluvunyiweyo.
• Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu zokulamba nokwaneliseka komntwana wakho. Musa ukumnyanzela ukuba atye.
• Ukuba uncancisa:
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, nika ubisi lwebele kuphela kangangeenyanga ezi-6 (akukho fomyula, amanzi, okanye ukutya okuqinileyo okucetyiswayo ngeli xesha).
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungamnika ubisi lwebele olucoliweyo ngebhotile. Ukuba uza kusebenza kungekudala, eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokwazisa umntwana wakho ngebhotile.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokunika umntwana wakho amathontsi e-vitamin D. Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukunikwa oku ukongeza.
• Qhubeka usela i-vitamin yokukhulelwa okanye i-multivitamin eqhelekileyo yonke imihla.
• Ukuba unika ifomula: Khetha ifomula eqiniswe ngesinyithi .
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uncancisa ibhotile, musa ukwenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:
• Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba asele yedwa ngokubeka ibhotile kumqamelo okanye elaphini. Oku kunokubangela ukukrwitshwa.
• Musa ukulalisa umntwana wakho enebhotile emlonyeni wakhe. Oku kungonakalisa amazinyo akhe kwaye kubangele i-earwax.

Ukhathalelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lomntwana

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi phambi kokuba uchukumise umntwana wakho. Cela abanye abantu abafika ekhayeni lakho ukuba benze okufanayo. Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abagulayo kangangoko unako.
• Bamba umntwana wakho kufutshane uze umnyamekele. Intetho ethi "umntwana uyamosheka xa umphethe" bubuxoki. Uthando lwakho nokufudumala kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wakho.
• Thetha nosana lwakho, cula iingoma, funda iincwadi. Iintsana zifunda ngcono xa uthetha nazo kwaye udlala nazo.
• Ngelixa umntwana wakho evukile, zama "ixesha lesisu" ngokumjika ngesisu imizuzu embalwa ngelixa umjongile. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu entanyeni nasemqolo. Kodwa ukuba ubonakala ediniwe okanye ekruqukile, mjike abuyele kwelinye icala.
• Nciphisa ixesha umntwana wakho alichitha ehleli esihlalweni sosana, ebhouncer, okanye eswing. Ukugqithisa kakhulu oku akulunganga ekukhuleni komntwana wakho.
• Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zikhale ngaphandle kwesizathu (ukuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga). Kodwa ezinye iintsana zikhala iiyure ngemini, ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-colic . Oku kudla ngokuqala malunga neeveki ezi-3 kumntwana osempilweni, kufike kwincopho malunga neeveki ezi-6, kuze kuphele malunga neenyanga ezi-3. Ukuba umntwana uncancisa kakuhle kwaye utyeba, oku akuyongxaki inkulu, kodwa kunokuba lixesha elinzima kakhulu koomama.
• Kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe, uxinezelekile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ube lusizi xa ungumama omtsha. Kodwa ukuba ezi mvakalelo zinamandla kakhulu , ukuba uhlala ulusizi, unomsindo ngayo yonke into, ukhathazekile, okanye uxhalabile , ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umsebenzi wezempilo wosapho. Oku kungaba kukudandatheka emva kokuzalwa , kwaye kukho unyango lwako.
• Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nemeko yakho yokuhlala (umz., ukutya, indawo yokuhlala, i-inshurensi yezempilo), thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo. Banokukuxelela ngezixhobo zoluntu kwaye bakuthumele kumncedisi wentlalontle ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukhuseleko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

Xa unomntwana omncinci ekhaya, kufuneka ucinge kabini malunga nokhuseleko.

• Ukuze usindise umntwana wakho kwimeko eyingozi eyaziwa ngokuba yiSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), qiniseka ukuba wenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:
• Soloko ulalisa umntwana wakho ngomqolo kwibhedi yomntwana okanye kwibhesinet kumatrasi oqinileyo, othe tyaba. Musa ukulalisa umntwana wakho ngesisu okanye ecaleni. Musa ukubeka iibhampa zebhedi yomntwana, iingubo ezinkulu, imiqamelo, okanye izinto zokudlala ezithambileyo zijikeleze umntwana wakho kwibhedi yomntwana. Ezi zinto zinokubangela ukufuthaniseka.
• Ncancisa umntwana wakho ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukuncancisa kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kunciphisa umngcipheko we -SIDS .
• Lala kwibhedi eyahlukileyo kwigumbi lakho, ecaleni kwebhedi yakho, de umntwana wakho abe neminyaka yokuqala, ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6. Kuphephe ukwabelana ngebhedi.
• Gcina ubushushu begumbi bukhululekile kwaye uthintele umntwana wakho ekutshiseni kakhulu. Nxibisa umntwana wakho ngendlela efanelekileyo yobushushu begumbi, kwaye ungamnxibisi kakhulu. Musa ukumgquma intloko ngelixa elele. Soloko ujonge ukuba uyabila okanye uziva eshushu xa umchukumisa.
• Usenokufuna ukuqwalasela ukunika umntwana wakho i -pacifier ngelixa elele. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukumunca i-pacifier kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we -SIDS . Kodwa musa ukuyinyanzela ukuba umntwana wakho akavumi. Ukuba i-pacifier iginywe ngelixa elele, akufuneki uyibuyisele. Ukuba uncancisa, musa ukunika i-pacifier de kube sele ilungile (malunga neeveki ezi-3-4).
• Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho alale phezu kwayo nantoni na engenzelwanga ukuba umntwana alale kuyo (umz. izihlalo zeemoto, iisofa, imiqamelo yokuncancisa, iibhedi zeentsana).
• Musa ukusebenzisa naziphi na izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (umz., izixhobo zokulala, izixhobo zokujonga ekhaya ezilinganisa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana kunye nokuphefumla kwakhe) ezithi zinciphisa umngcipheko we-SIDS . Okwangoku akukho mveliso iqinisekisiweyo enokwenza oku.
• Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukulala umntwana wakho, ezifana nebhedi yosana kunye nomatrasi, ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko eyamkelekileyo (umz., evunyiweyo yiarhente efana ne -US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ).

• Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhamba zeentsana. Ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zinokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu. Izixhobo zokuhamba azincedi umntwana wakho ukuba ahambe, kwaye zinokubangela ukuba angakwazi ukuhamba.
• Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, umntwana wakho uza kuqala ukuchukumisa, ukuchukumisa, nokufaka yonke into emlonyeni wakhe. Ngoko ke , gcina izinto ezincinci (ezifana neengqekembe, amaqhosha), amayeza, kunye nezinto ezinetyhefu ezifana nolwelo lokucoca kude nomntwana wakho.
• Gcina umntwana wakho kude nezinto zokudlala ezineentambo, iingcingo, kunye neeluphu. Ezi zinto zinokubotshelelwa entanyeni.
• Ungaze umshiye umntwana wakho eyedwa xa evukile, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (ebhedini, esofeni) okanye ebhafini.
• Ungaze umshukumise umntwana wakho nangasiphi na isizathu! Oku kunokubangela ukopha engqondweni yomntwana, ukulahlekelwa yimbono, umonakalo omkhulu engqondweni, kwanokufa. Ukuba ukhe waziva unomsindo okanye uxinezelekile ngomntwana wakho kangangokuba awukwazi ukumelana noko kwaye woyika ukuba uza kumenzakalisa umntwana wakho, mbeke umntwana wakho kwindawo ekhuselekileyo (njengebhedi yomntwana), buyela umva kancinci, uphefumle, kwaye uzole. Thetha nomhlobo othembekileyo, isalamane, okanye ugqirha wakho ukuze akuncede.
• Soloko ubeka umntwana wakho kwisitulo esingasemva, kwisitulo semoto esijonge ngasemva, xa uhamba ngemoto. Ungaze umshiye yedwa emotweni, nokuba ngumzuzu nje.
• Ukuba wena okanye nabani na ohlala ekhaya uyatshaya, yeka ngokupheleleyo. Musa ukusebenzisa iicuba ze-elektroniki (ii-e-cigarettes) kufutshane nomntwana wakho. Ukutshaya kufutshane nomntwana wakho kwandisa umngcipheko we -SIDS kunye nezifo zokuphefumla.
• Khusela umntwana wakho elangeni kangangoko unako. Mgqume kakuhle umntwana wakho ngempahla uze umgcine emthunzini. I-sunscreen ayikhuthazwa rhoqo kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umthunzi kunye nempahla azanelanga, i-sunscreen encinci kakhulu ingafakwa kumntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala (kwiindawo ezincinci ezibonakala njengezandla nobuso) ngengcebiso kagqirha.

Isishwankathelo: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unolwazi oluhle malunga nokuhlolwa komntwana wakho kweenyanga ezimbini kunye nendlela yokumnyamekela ngothando nangokukhuselekileyo umntwana wakho de kube luvavanyo olulandelayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye umsebenzi wezempilo wosapho ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo. Musa ukucinga, "Andazi ukuba ndisisidenge na ukubuza oku." Wonke umama notata abatsha banemibuzo kunye noloyiko olunjalo.

Nika ingqalelo ekukhuleni nasekuphileni komntwana wakho. Konke oku ukwenza ngenxa yomntwana wakho. Ndikunqwenelela ithamsanqa!

Impilo yosana , Ukuhlolwa kweenyanga ezimbini, Uphuhliso losana, Ukugonywa kosana, Ukuncancisa, i-SIDS, Ukhuseleko losana, Utyelelo lomntwana osempilweni, Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zosana, Uxinzelelo emva kokubeleka