Ingaba umntwana wakho uneenyanga ezi-4 ubudala? Kwenzeka ntoni xa ugqirha ehlola umntwana (Utyelelo lomntwana ophilayo: iinyanga ezi-4)? Masithethe!

Umntwana wakho omncinci ngoku uneenyanga ezine ubudala, akunjalo? Amazwi awanakuchaza uvuyo oluvayo njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula kwaye efunda izinto ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi ngeli xesha ukuze ufunde ngempilo nophuhliso lomntwana wakho. Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kolu vavanyo lweenyanga ezi-4 kunye noko kufuneka ukwazi.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa usiya kugqirha ngeli xesha?

Xa udibana nogqirha okanye umongikazi, baza kujonga izinto ezininzi ngomntwana wakho baze bakubuze imibuzo. Ungakhathazeki, bonke bakwenza oku ngenxa yempilo yomntwana.

Indlela yokujonga ukukhula komntwana

Okokuqala, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kulinganisa ubunzima bomntwana, ubude (ubude), kunye nobubanzi bentloko yakhe . Emva koko, baza kuyila le milinganiselo kwitshati ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"growth chart." Le yindlela abanokwazi ngayo ukuba umntwana ukhula ngokufanelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntwana ukhula kwaye ukhula ngesantya esifanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakhe, intloko yomntwana iya kukhula.

Imibuzo ebuzwa ngugqirha kunye neengcebiso onokuzinika

Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngomntwana wakho. Ungabuza nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo ngeli xesha. Baza kukunika neengcebiso ezixabisekileyo.

Malunga nokutya neziselo

Ngeli xesha, umntwana wakho usafuna ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi lwebele . Iintsana zihlala zikulungele ukuqala ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo xa zineminyaka emi-6 ubudala. Oku kuthetha izinto ezifana neenkozo eziqinisiweyo ngentsimbi kunye nenyama ecoliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutya okuqinileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho . Nguye oza kukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho ukulungele na ukutya okuqinileyo kunye nokuba umnike ntoni.

Malunga nendlela yokuchama kunye nokukhupha inkunkuma

Iintsana ezikule minyaka kufuneka zichame izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka zimanzise amanabukeni amaninzi. Zikwafanele zikhuphe indle rhoqo. Ezinye iintsana zikhupha indle yonke imihla, ngelixa ezinye zikhupha indle rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ukuba nje indle ithambile, kuyinto eqhelekileyo . Kodwa ukuba indle yomile, iqinile njengelitye, okanye ibonakala inzima ukuyikhupha, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngayo.

Malunga nokulala

Iintsana ezikule minyaka zilala phakathi kweeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-16 ngosuku. Oku kuquka ukulala emini. Uninzi lweentsana zilala malunga neeyure ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 ngexesha ebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, iintsana, ingakumbi ezo zincanciswayo , zinokuvuka rhoqo . Oku kuqhelekile.

Malunga nophuhliso lomntwana (iziganeko zophuhliso)

Kwiinyanga ezi-4, umntwana wakho uya kube eqalile ukwenza izinto ezininzi ezintsha. Jonga ukuba umntwana wakho uyazenza na ezi zinto:

• Ngaba ujika intloko yakho ijonge ecaleni xa uthetha?
• Njengo-'Uu', 'Aaah'Ngaba benza izandi ezifana nezeentaka (ezikhalayo)?
• Ingaba uphendula ngokwenza ingxolo xa uthetha naye?
• Uyahleka kancinci, uyahleka? (Oku akukuhleki kakhulu okwangoku)
• Xa bekubona, ngaba bayashukuma okanye benza ingxolo ukuze batsale ingqalelo yakho?
• Ngaba ujonge izandla zakho ngomdla?
• Ngaba uza kuyithatha into yokudlala xa uyinika wena?
• Ngaba intloko yakho uyigcina ithe tye ngelixa uyibambe?
• Ngaba bayatyhala phezulu kwiingqiniba/iingalo zabo ngelixa belele ngesisu?
• Ngaba usebenzisa izandla zakho ukudlala ngamathoyizi?

Khawucinge nje, zonke ezi zinto zincinci zisibonisa indlela ingqondo yomntwana wakho ekhula ngayo.

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Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho akasakwenzi enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto, okanye ukuba kubonakala ngathi wenza into awayeyenza ngaphambili, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo . Akukho nto inokubangela ukuba ukhathazeke ngayo, kodwa kulungile ukuba uqaphele.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba wonke

Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kukhulula zonke iimpahla zomntwana phambi kwakho aze enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba . Oku kuza kuquka ukujonga amehlo omntwana, ukumamela intliziyo, ukujonga ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukujonga amathambo esinqe, kunye nokunikela ingqalelo kwiintshukumo zomntwana.

Kwakhona kufuneka ukhumbule ngezitofu zokugonya.

Ukugonya kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela umntwana wakho kwizifo ezinzulu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunika umntwana wakho imigonyo ngexesha. Ishedyuli yokugonya inokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwikliniki ukuya kwenye. Ke ngoko, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi imigonyo ezinikwayo ngeli xesha kwaye zeziphi eziza kunikwa ngokulandelayo.

Impilo-ntle yengqondo kamama nayo ibalulekile (Uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka)

Uyazi, kuqhelekile ukuba oomama bazive belusizi kwaye bedakumbile emva kokufumana umntwana. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -postpartum depression . Le yinto enokufikelelwa ngoomama abaninzi. Ke ngoko, ugqirha womntwana wakho unokukubuza ngolonwabo lwakho kunye nemeko yakho yengqondo. Basenokukucela ukuba ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo elifutshane. Oku kukunceda, kungekhona enye into.

Ngaba sifanele sizikhumbule ezi zinto de kube luvavanyo olulandelayo (kwiinyanga ezi-6)?

Kulungile, makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzinyamekele umntwana wakho de kufike iinyanga ezi-6 ezizayo zokuhlolwa.

Okungakumbi malunga nokutya neziselo

• Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili,Usana lusafuna ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi lwefomyula kuphela.
• Uninzi lweentsana lukulungele ukuqala ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo xa lukwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Kodwa ezinye iintsana zisenokukulungela kwangethuba. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba uqalise ukutya okuqinileyo , khumbula ezi zinto zilandelayo:
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-aleji yokutya, xelela ugqirha wakho ngayo loo nto .
• Qala ngenani elincinci le-cereal eyomeleleyo ye-iron exutywe nobisi lwebele okanye ifomula . Okanye, ungaqala ngokutya okunye okutyebileyo kwe-iron, njengenyama ecoliweyo .
• Sebenzisa icephe elincinci elenzelwe ngokukodwa iintsana (icephe leentsana) ukuze uncelise. Musa ukunika ukutya okuziinkozo okusebhotileni yobisi.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala ekhupha ukutya ngolwimi lwakhe kakhulu, usenokungakulungeli ukutya okuqinileyo. Zama kwakhona emva kweveki.
• Musa ukunika umntwana wakho ukutya okuqinileyo ade aqhele ukutya i-cereal ngecephe.
• Yazisa ukutya okutsha kube kanye ngexesha . Linda iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uzise ukutya okutsha okulandelayo ukuze ubone ukuba akukho nanye into ebangela ukuba umntu agule.
• Ukuba uncancisa, qhubeka nokunika izongezo zevithamini D. Iintsana ezincancisayo nazo zinokufuna izongezo zesinyithi de zifumane isinyithi esaneleyo ekutyeni ezikutyayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
• Nikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu umntwana wakho azibonisayo xa elambile naxa ehluthi .
• Musa ukunika ijusi yeziqhamo de kube ziinyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
• Musa ukuxhoma iibhotile zobisi kuyo nayiphi na into, okanye ulalise umntwana wakho ibhotile emlonyeni wakhe.

Ezi zinto zibalulekile xa unyamekela umntwana wakho (ukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla)

• Uninzi lweentsana luqala ukuqandusela amazinyo xa zineminyaka emi-4 ubudala . Oku kunokuba buhlungu kancinci. Ukuze unciphise iintlungu, nika umntwana wakho ilaphu lokuhlamba elicocekileyo nelimanzi okanye ithoyizi yokuqandusela amazinyo (teether). Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungamnika i-acetaminophen (umz. iPanadol) xa eqandusela iintlungu.
• Coca iintsini zomntwana wakho ngokuzisula kancinci ngelaphu elicocekileyo nelifumileyo okanye ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo kakhulu .
• Cula iingoma, thetha, funda iincwadi, dlala nosana lwakho. Iintsana zifunda ngcono xa zidibana nabantu.
• Ixesha lesikrini njengeTV, iividiyo, kunye neefowuni alilunganga kwiintsana ezikule minyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukuthetha nomntu okude ngevidiyo.
• Xa umntwana wakho evukile, dlala naye esiswini sakhe phantsi kwengqwalasela yakho (ixesha lesisu).Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu entanyeni nasemqolo. Ukunika umntwana indawo ekhuselekileyo yokukhasa nokuqengqeleka.
• Nciphisa ixesha umntwana wakho alichitha ehleli kwizihlalo zosana, ezixhonyweni, nakwii-swings .
• Kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe kwaye uxinezelekile ngamaxesha athile xa ungumama omtsha. Kodwa ukuba ezi mvakalelo zinamandla kakhulu, okanye ukuba uziva ulusizi, unomsindo, okanye uxhalabile, thetha nogqirha wakho .
• Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nemeko yakho yokuhlala (umz., ukutya, indawo yokuhlala, i-inshurensi yezempilo), thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto . Banokukuxelela ngezixhobo zoluntu okanye bakuthumele kumncedisi wentlalontle.

Ukhuseleko lomntwana luza kuqala!

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukucinga ngokhuseleko ngeli xesha, njengoko umntwana eza kuqala ukugoba aze alahle amalungu akhe.

Ungayithintela njani i-sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

I-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) yinto esiyoyikayo sonke. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Xa ulalisa umntwana wakho, soloko umlalisa ngomqolo , kumatrasi oqinileyo, othe tyaba . Ungaze umlalise ngesisu okanye ecaleni. Mlalise kwibhedi yomntwana okanye kwi-bassinet. Musa ukubeka iibhampa zebhedi yomntwana, iingubo, imiqamelo, okanye izinto zokudlala ezithambileyo kwibhedi yomntwana.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ncancisa umntwana wakho .
• De kube lusuku lokuzalwa komntwana wakho lokuqala, okanye ubuncinane de abe neenyanga ezi-6 ubudala (umngcipheko we-SIDS uphezulu ngeli xesha), lala kwibhedi eyahlukileyo kwigumbi lakho, ecaleni kwebhedi yakho . Ungaze umvumele umntwana wakho alale ebhedini yakho (ukwabelana ngebhedi).
• Gcina ubushushu begumbi bukhululekile kwaye ukhusele umntwana kubushushu obugqithisileyo . Nxibisa umntwana ngokufanelekileyo ngokweqondo lobushushu begumbi. Musa ukunxiba kakhulu . Musa ukugquma intloko ngelixa ulele. Jonga ukuba akukho ukubila kunye nobushushu bomzimba.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, vumela umntwana wakho alale nesixhobo sokufunxa . Ukuba umntwana wakho akayithandi i-pacifier, musa ukuyinyanzela. Ukuba isixhobo sokufunxa siginywe ngelixa ulele, musa ukusibuyisela. Ukuba uncancisa, mnike isixhobo sokufunxa emva kokuba umntwana wakho eqhele ukuncancisa.
• Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho alale kwizixhobo ezingenzelwanga ukulala (umz., izihlalo zeemoto, imiqamelo yokutyisa, iibhedi zeentsana, njl.njl.).
• Musa ukusebenzisa naziphi na izixhobo (umz., izixhobo zokubeka ixesha lokulala, izixhobo zokujonga izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo) ezithi zinciphisa umngcipheko we-SIDS . Akukho mveliso ezenza oku ngokwenene.
• Qinisekisa ukuba yonke into oyisebenzisayo ukulalisa umntwana wakho ihambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko evunyiweyo yiarhente ethembekileyo, efana neKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yaBathengi yase-US (CPSC) .

Amanye amacebiso abalulekileyo okhuseleko

• Ungaze usebenzise izixhobo zokuhamba ngeenyawo zeentsana. Ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zinokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu. Izixhobo zokuhamba ngeenyawo azikukhuthazi ukuhamba ngeenyawo kwaye zinokukulibazisa.
• Umntwana wakho uza kuqalisa ukuthabatha izinto aze azifake emlonyeni wakhe kungekudala. Ngoko ke, musa ukushiya izinto ezincinci okanye iityhefu apho anokuzifumana khona. Musa ukushiya izinto zokudlala ezineentambo, iintambo, okanye iiluphu kufutshane.
• Ungaze umshiye umntwana wakho eyedwa xa evukile, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (iibhedi, iisofa) okanye ebhafini .
• Ungaze umshukumise umntwana wakho – oku kunokubangela ukopha ebuchotsheni kwanokufa. Ukuba ukhe uzive unomsindo okanye ukhathazekile ukuba ungamenzakalisa umntwana wakho, mbeke umntwana wakho kwindawo ekhuselekileyo (kwibhedi yosana) uze uphume ngaphandle imizuzu embalwa. Fowunela umhlobo, isalamane, okanye ugqirha wakho ukuze akuncede.
• Soloko uhamba nomntwana wakho kwisitulo sangasemva emotweni, kwisitulo semoto esijonge ngasemva . Ungaze umshiye yedwa emotweni umntwana wakho.
• Musa ukutshaya, ukusebenzisa i-e-cigarettes, okanye i-vape . Musa ukuvumela nabani na ukuba enze njalo kufutshane nomntwana wakho.
• Khusela umntwana wakho elangeni kangangoko unako. Mgqume ngempahla uze umgcine emthunzini. I-sunscreen ayikhuthazwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba akukho khuselo lwaneleyo emthunzini nakwimpahla, i-sunscreen encinci kakhulu ingafakwa kumntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala (buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto).

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndithi... (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unombono olungileyo ngokuhlolwa komntwana wakho oneenyanga ezi-4 ubudala. Konke oku kwenzelwe impilo yakho neyengane yakho . Khumbula, ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha okanye umongikazi. Bakho ukuze bakuncede.

Ndikunqwenelela okuhle wena nomntwana wakho ukuze nibe nobomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo!

"Impilo yosana, uhlolo lweenyanga ezi-4, ukukhula kosana, uphuhliso losana, ukutya okuqinileyo, ukhuseleko losana, i-SIDS, ugonyo, ukudakumba emva kokubeleka