Uvuyo oluvayo xa uzisa usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ekhaya alunakuchazwa, akunjalo? Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kukho noloyiko oluncinci ekhoneni lentliziyo yakho. Wonke umama notata banethemba lokuba umntwana uza kuphila ngaphandle kokugula okanye iintlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimeko ezinzima zinokwenzeka kwiintsana esingazilindelanga.
I-Sepsis yenye yezona meko ziyingozi kakhulu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Namhlanje, sithetha nge-
Neonatal Sepsis .
Yintoni i-Neonatal Sepsis?
Ngamafutshane,
i-neonatal sepsis yimeko enzima kakhulu eyenzeka kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-28 ubudala, oko kukuthi, ezingaphantsi kwenyanga ubudala. Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba womntwana usabela ngokugqithisileyo kusulelo. Cinga ngayo njengokwenza ingxolo enkulu ngento encinci. Oku kusabela ngokugqithisileyo,
ukudumba kunokwenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba womntwana . Oku kuvuvukala kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi
kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kumalungu omntwana, kunye nezitho zangaphakathi ezibalulekileyo ezifana nengqondo,
intliziyo , kunye nezintso. Oku kubangela ukuba ezo zitho ziqale ukungasebenzi kancinci kancinci. Njengomthi ofayo ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, le meko inokuba yingozi kumntwana. Ke ngoko, le
yinto ekufuneka ithathwe nzulu kakhulu. Oogqirha bahlula
i-neonatal sepsis kwiindidi ezimbini, kuxhomekeke ekubeni umntwana uyikhulisa nini: 1.
I-neonatal sepsis eqala kwangethuba: Le yi-sepsis edla ngokuvela
kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-72 zokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kweentsuku ezintathu. 2.
I-neonatal sepsis eqala emva kwexesha: Le yi-sepsis eyenzeka
emva kweentsuku ezintathu zokuzalwa.
Ngubani onokuthi abe nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-sepsis?
Enyanisweni, nawuphi na umntwana unokuphuhlisa le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi
-neonatal sepsis . Nangona kunjalo,
abantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha basengozini enkulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba
amajoni abo omzimba akakhuli ngokupheleleyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba abanalo ikhono lokuzikhusela kwizifo. Esinye isizathu kukuba ngenxa yokuba bezalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, abafumani ezinye
zee-antibodies ezifunekayo ngoomama babo ukuze babakhusele kwizifo. Ukongeza, aba bantwana basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-sepsis:
- Iintsana ezizalwa zinobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu .
- Inikwe ngexesha lokuzalwaIintsana ezine- Apgar scores ephantsi (oku kulinganisa izinto ezifana nokuphefumla komntwana kunye nesantya sentliziyo yakhe ).
- Kuthiwa le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kwiintsana ezingamakhwenkwe .
- Ukuba umama wayenosulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa .
Khawucinge nje, ngamanye amaxesha umama usenokuba nebhaktheriya engazi efana ne-`(Group B Streptococcus - GBS)` ehlala kwilungu lobufazi bakhe. Nangona oku kungeyongxaki inkulu kumama, umntwana unokosuleleka xa ebeleka.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Ehlabathini lonke, amakhulu amawaka eentsana ahlushwa yi-sepsis minyaka le. Ngoko ke, oku akuqhelekanga kangako.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-sepsis kumntwana osandul' ukuzalwa?
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu ze-sepsis kusana ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana nezezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukucinga ukuba yi-sepsis kuba nje unazo ezi mpawu ngalo lonke ixesha.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci uneempawu ezingaphezulu kwenye kwezi, okanye ukuba ubonakala egula ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kungcono ukufuna unyango ngoko nangoko. Nazi ezinye zeempawu
ze-sepsis yosana olusandula ukuzalwa kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa :
- Umkhuhlane okanye ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi (ukubanda).
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci.
- Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukuhlanza.
- Isisu esibuhlungu (urhudo).
- Ukuncipha kokusetyenziswa kobisi okanye ubunzima bokuncancisa.
- Ukudumba (ukuqunjelwa).
- Izandla neenyawo ezibandayo.
- Ulusu luba lukhuni kwaye lube mhlophe.
- Ukutyheli kwesikhumba kunye namhlophe emehlweni (i-jaundice).
- Ukuncipha komsebenzi, ukozela rhoqo.
- Ukuxhuzula (okufana nokuqina komzimba).
Yintoni eyona nto ibangela i-sepsis yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa?
Amaxesha amaninzi, i-sepsis kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ibangelwa
zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane . Ngokukodwa, i-E. coli, i-Listeria, kunye ne-Group B Streptococcus (GBS) zezona zizathu ziphambili. Ukongeza kwezi ntsholongwane, ezinye
iintsholongwane ,
iifungi, kunye
neeparasite nazo zinokubangela i-sepsis. Umzekelo,
i-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)Ingabangela usulelo olunzima kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
I-sepsis ikhula njani kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa?
Iindidi ezimbini ze-
sepsis esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili, ukuqala kwangethuba kunye
nokuqala kade, zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokosulela iintsana.
I-sepsis yosana olusandul' ukuzalwa
Oku kwenzeka
xa umntwana efumana usulelo kumama, nokuba usesibelekweni okanye ngexesha lokuzalwa . Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:
- Xa kukho iintsholongwane ezifana ne-'GBS' kwilungu lobufazi likamama.
- Ukuba umntwana uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Ukuqhekeka kwamanzi kwangoko (ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-18 ngaphambi kokunikezelwa).
- Ukuba kukho usulelo lwe-placenta kunye nolwelo oluyijikelezileyo (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Chorioamnionitis').
I-sepsis yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa emva kwexesha
Oku kwenzeka xa
umntwana efumana usulelo kwindawo yakhe entsha emva kokuba ezelwe . Oko kukuthi, aluveli emzimbeni kamama wakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni womntwana ngezinto ezifana
nee-catheters ,
ii-IVs , kunye neetyhubhu ezisetyenziswa esibhedlele. Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu:
- Ukuba ubunzima bomntwana ekuzalweni kwakhe buphantsi.
- Ukuba kufakwe ityhubhu yokuphefumla ukuze ikuncede uphefumle.
- Ukuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayaqhubeka.
- Ukuba i-catheter ibekwe kwimithambo yegazi okanye kwisinyi ixesha elide.
- Ukuba udinga ukuhlala esibhedlele ixesha elide ngenxa yonyango lwenye imeko yezonyango.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-sepsis?
Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokuxilonga
i-sepsis yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa . Bajonga iimpawu zosana baze babuze ngempilo kamama. Usenokuva ugqirha esithi benza "
uphando lwe -sepsis ." Olu luluhlu lweemvavanyo zokufumana unobangela wokosuleleka kosana. Oku kunokuquka:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: `Ubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi (i-CBC), `iinkcubeko zegazi` (ukujonga iintsholongwane egazini), `iproteni esebenzayo ye-C (i-CRP)` (uvavanyo olubonisa ukudumba).
- Uvavanyo lomchamo: `Uhlalutyo lomchamo` kunye `nenkcubeko yomchamo` (ukujonga iintsholongwane kumchamo).
- Ukumpompa komqolo/ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Kule nto, kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci ukuthatha isampuli yolwelo olujikeleze i-spinal cord (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal) ukusuka emqolo womntwana ukuze kuhlolwe usulelo. Nangona oku kunokuvakala kusoyikisa, oogqirha bakwenza ngononophelo olukhulu.
- Ezinye iimvavanyo zokuthatha imifanekiso: Izinto ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba kunye ne-ultrasound scan.
Iphathwa njani i-sepsis kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa?
I-Sepsis yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwaUnyango lufanele luqale ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha womntwana wakho angamkela umntwana wakho kwigumbi lokunyamekela abagula kakhulu (ICU) . I-Sepsis inganyangwa ngoku:- Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (IV).
- Ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngemithambo (i-IV antibiotics) kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
- Ukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane.
- Amayeza entliziyo kunye/okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ioksijini eyongezelelweyo kunye nezinye iindlela zokunceda ekuphefumleni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana usenokufuna utofelo-gazi . Singayithintela njani le meko ye-sepsis (i-Neonatal Sepsis)?
Ukuthintela ukuba usulelo lungadluli ukusuka kumama luye kusana, ugqirha wakho wokubelekisa angakuxelela ngamanye amaxesha ukuba uthathe amayeza okuthintela usana kwangethuba. Kwezi meko, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anganikwa nge-IV kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe:- Ukuba une-'chorioamnionitis'.
- Ukuba unebhaktheriya yeQela B Strep (GBS) kwilungu lakho lobufazi (oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo lokukhulelwa).
- Ukuba umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kokuba ube ne-sepsis.
Ukongeza, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela i-sepsis:- Ziqhelise ucoceko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, nangaphambi kokuba umchukumise umntwana wakho.
- Ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango rhoqo. Kubalulekile ukuya kwiikliniki ngexesha, ngexesha lokukhulelwa nasemva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
- Ukufumana imigonyo ecetyiswayo.
- Ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-sepsis.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-sepsis, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba i-sepsis kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa inganyangwa?
Ewe, i-sepsis kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa inokunyangeka. Uninzi lweentsana ezinesifo se-sepsis ziyachacha ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziphila ngaphandle kweengxaki ezingaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-sepsis yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukufa kweentsana . Ke ngoko, isantya umntwana wakho afumana ngaso unyango simisela amathuba akhe okuphila. Kuthiwa kwiyure nganye edlulayo ngaphandle konyango, umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa ye-sepsis uyanda malunga ne-7.6%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha libaluleke kakhulu apha.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-Neonatal Sepsis?
Uninzi lweentsana eziphila emva kokuhlaselwa yi-sepsis azinazo iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsana zinokuba neengxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngaphezulu kwesithathu seentsana ezisinda kwi-sepsisKukho ukulibaziseka kwizakhono zokuqonda. Kwakhona, malunga nesiqingatha seentsana ezichachayo kwi-sepsis kuya kufuneka ziphinde zilaliswe esibhedlele ubuncinane kanye. Ezinye iintsana zinokuba ne -meningitis , usulelo lwee-membranes ezijikeleze ingqondo. Iintsana ezinale meko zinokuba neempawu ezibi kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ezi ziquka:- Ubuvila obukhulu - ukudinwa.
- Indawo ethambileyo phakathi kwamathambo ekhakayi (i-fontanelle) ibonakala idumbile.
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
- Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso.
- Umvakalelo yokitazo.
- Ukuxhuzula.
- I-Coma.
Ndifanele ndimse nini umntwana wam osandul’ ukuzalwa esibhedlele ngoko nangoko?
Emva kokuba ufikile ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa ubonakalisa naziphi na ezi mpawu ze-sepsis, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwicandelo elikufutshane lesibhedlele esingxamisekileyo:- Ukuba umntwana unomsindo ongaqhelekanga okanye ulala rhoqo.
- Ukuba ulusu lomntwana lubonakala lubanda, luphaphathekile, okanye lutshintsha umbala.
- Ukuba umntwana akakachami ixesha elingaphezulu kweeyure ezili-12 (ukuba i-napkin yomile).
- Ukuba umntwana akaphenduli okanye ubonakala enengxaki yokuphefumla.
Ezi zinto mazithathwe njengeemeko ezingxamisekileyo . Ndifanele ndiphinde ndimbone nini ugqirha wosana?
Xa ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho emkhupha esibhedlele, baza kumxelela ukuba abuye emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Qiniseka ukuba uhamba naye ngelo xesha ukuze ubone ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono na. Yintoni le Sepsis Risk Calculator?
Isixhobo sokubala i-Kaiser neonatal sepsis, okanye isixhobo sokubala i-sepsis eqala kwangoko, sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukubanceda baqonde ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa unokuba ne -sepsis eqala kwangoko. Siqwalasela izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya impilo yakho kunye nemeko yomntwana ekuzalweni kwakhe . Zininzi izinto onokuzikhathaza ngazo xa unomntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa. I-sepsis eqala emva kokuzalwa yenye yazo. Kodwa ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo esisongela ubomi, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza . I-sepsis eqala emva kokuzalwa yingxamiseko yezonyango. Okukhona ufumana unyango lomntwana wakho ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
- I-sepsis yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa yimeko enzima, kodwa inokunyangeka ukuba iqatshelwe kwaye inyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
- Lumka ngeempawu. Lumka ngezinto ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukuncipha kokusela ubisi, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye notshintsho kumbala wolusu.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu apha.
- Nyamekela impilo kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Vavanywa i-GBS.
- Cinga ngokukodwa ngococeko. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokuhlamba izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise umntwana wakho zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Wonke umntu ufuna umntwana wakhe abe sempilweni kwaye onwabe. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi zinto.
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