Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona, noma wezwa, umuntu enikwa 'usawoti' esibhedlela. I-cannula ifakwa engalweni, bese kufakwa uketshezi emzimbeni oluvela esikhwameni esilenga esitezi esiphezulu. Abantu abaningi bayakwesaba lokhu, futhi abanye bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto enikezwa kuphela izifo ezingathi sína. Ziyini ngempela lezi ziphuzo ze-IV, noma usawoti esiwaziyo sonke? Zinikezwa ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.
Kungani sidinga ama-IV Fluids?
Kalula nje, uketshezi lwe-IV (olungena emthanjeni) luketshezi olukhethekile olunikezwa umzimba ngomthambo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokulunikeza ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni , okuyilapho amanzi omzimba nosawoti obalulekile kuba phansi ngendlela eyingozi.
Imizimba yethu yakhiwe ngamanzi angu-60%. Ngakho-ke cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma leli nani lamanzi lincipha. Amanzi abalulekile kuwo wonke amaseli nezitho zomzimba emzimbeni. Ezimweni lapho umuntu engakwazi ukugcina izinga lamanzi elidingekayo ngokuphuza amanzi ngomlomo, uketshezi lwe-IV luba lubalulekile.
| Izimo eziyinhloko lapho kungadingeka khona ama-IV Fluids | |
|---|---|
| Ukugula kakhulu | Uma uhlanza kakhulu futhi uhuda , inani elikhulu loketshezi liphuma ngokushesha emzimbeni. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, izinto ezithathwa ngomlomo azimuncwa umzimba. |
| Ukuzivocavoca nokushisa okukhulu | Uma ungaphuzi amanzi anele, uvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, noma ubhekene nokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, inani elikhulu lamanzi liyalahleka emzimbeni ngenxa yokujuluka. |
| Ukulimala noma ukusha okukhulu | Ezimweni ezinjalo, umzimba ungalahlekelwa inani elikhulu loketshezi. |
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzweni okwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia (ukulaliswa), uketshezi lwe-IV lunikezwa ngoba isiguli asikwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza futhi sidinga uketshezi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. |
Imiphumela kanye nezimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
Uma umzimba uphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kungathinta izinto eziningi.
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi ye-electrolyte emzimbeni.
- Ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo.
- Ukulahlekelwa amandla, ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ukugaya ukudla okungajwayelekile kanye nokunyakaza kwamathumbu.
- Ukwanda kokuvama kanye nokuqina kwekhanda.
- Ukulimala kwezitho ezibalulekile njengezinso, inhliziyo , nobuchopho.
- Ubuthakathaka emsebenzini womzimba.
- Ukuwohloka kwempilo yesikhumba.
Manje, lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
| Isibonakaliso | Indlela ozizwa/obukeka ngayo |
|---|---|
| Isiyezi | Ukuzizwa unesizungu lapho umi noma uvuka. |
| Amehlo omile | Ukuzwa ukoma emehlweni kuze kufike ezingeni lapho izinyembezi zingaphumi khona ngisho nalapho ukhala. |
| Izindebe nolimi olomile | Ukuntuleka kwamathe, izindebe eziqhekekile, nolimi olomile. |
| Isikhumba esomile | Isikhumba siba some, sibe nemibimbi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuvela amabala esikhumbeni. |
| Ukukhathala | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho noma ungenzi msebenzi. |
| Ukuphefumula okusheshayo | Izinga lokuphefumula liphezulu kunejwayelekile. |
| Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo | Ukuzizwa ubanda uma uthinta izandla nezinyawo. |
| Ukuncipha kokuchama | Ukuchama okungaphansi kwezikhathi ezine ngosuku bese umchamo ophumayo uphuzi omnyama. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zoketshezi lwe-IV?
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi hlobo luni loketshezi lwe-IV oludingayo. Luzohluka kuye ngesimo sakho. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
Izixazululo ze-Crystalloid
Lezi yizo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Izinhlayiya ezincane kulezi ziphuzo zidlula kalula egazini lethu ziye emangqamuzaneni ethu.
- Usawoti Ojwayelekile : Lokhu yilokho sonke esikwazi ngokuthi 'usawoti'. Kalula nje, uqukethe amanzi nosawoti ( i-sodium chloride).
- I-D5W: Lokhu kuqukethe i-dextrose, okuwuhlobo lukashukela, namanzi.
- I-Ringer's elactated: Lokhu kuqukethe i-sodium, i-chloride, i-potassium, i-calcium, kanye ne-lactate. Isetshenziswa uma kudingeka ukuthi kunikezwe inani elikhulu loketshezi emzimbeni ngokushesha.
Izixazululo ze-Colloid
Lezi yizinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu. Azingeni kalula emaseli futhi zivame ukuhlala egazini. I-Albumin ne-hetastarch ziyizibonelo zalokhu.
Kwenzekani uma kufakwa i-IV?
Le nqubo yenziwa udokotela noma umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe. Kuyinqubo ehamba kancane kancane.
1. Okokuqala, sinquma uhlobo kanye nenani loketshezi lwe-IV oludingayo ngokusekelwe esisindweni sakho, ubudala, kanye nesimo sakho sezokwelapha.
2. Okulandelayo, indawo lapho kuzofakwa khona i-cannula (ngokuvamile ingaphakathi lendololwane noma ingalo engenhla) ihlanzwa kahle ngesisombululo se-antiseptic .
3. Ingalo engenhla iboshwe ngebhande elinwebekayo (i-tourniquet) ukuze kuvezwe umthambo.
4. Kukhethwa umthambo ofanele bese kufakwa i-cannula ehlanziwe (ipayipi elincane lepulasitiki elinenaliti) kuwo. Kuleli qophelo , uzozwa ukugwazwa okuncane, kodwa kuzoba okwesikhashana nje.
5. Uma i-cannula isifakwe emthanjeni, ibhande le-elastic liyasuswa.
6. I-cannula iboshwe engalweni nge-plaster ukuze ingayinyakazisi.
7. Bese kuthi ithubhu elide elixhunywe esikhwameni soketshezi lwe-IV lixhunywe ku-cannula.
8. Isikhwama soketshezi lwe-IV silenga esitendini eside (i-IV stand), bese uketshezi luphoqeleka emzimbeni ngesivinini esibekiwe ngomshini wokupompa noma ngamandla adonsela phansi.
9. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha baqapha le nqubo njalo.
Uma uzizwa sengathi izinga lokugeleza kwegazi liphezulu kakhulu/liphansi kakhulu ngenkathi i-IV isendaweni, uma i-cannula ibuhlungu, uma i-cannula ibonakala ikhululekile, uma unekhanda elibuhlungu, noma uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu?
Ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni nge-IV, noma ukufaka uketshezi emthanjeni, kuyindlela evamile kakhulu, elula, futhi ephephile. Iphinde inikeze impumuzo esheshayo. Ingasiza ngisho nasekusindiseni impilo yomuntu ogula kakhulu.
Nokho, kunezinkinga ezithile ezingavela kaningi. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngalezi zinto, kodwa kuhle ukuqaphela.
| Inkinga | Kusho ukuthini lokho? |
|---|---|
| Ukumbozwa Komoya | Umoya ungena emthanjeni ngomugqa we-IV. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kungaba kubi kakhulu. |
| Umthambo Ogoqekile | Umthambo ungase unciphe uma i-cannula ifakwa noma ishiywa endaweni yayo isikhathi eside. Uma kunjalo, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazosebenzisa umthambo ohlukile. |
| Ukulayisha Okungaphezu Koketshezi | Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kakhulu ngokushesha kungabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokulungisa amazinga oketshezi. |
| I-Hematoma (igazi eliqhekekile) | Ukuvuza kwegazi elivela emthanjeni kuya ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kubukeka sengathi kuyisilonda futhi kuyaphola emavikini ambalwa. |
| Ukutheleleka | Ukutheleleka kungenzeka uma indawo yokufaka i-cannula ingahlanzwa kahle. Ama-antibiotic angayilapha. |
| Ukuvuza koketshezi (Ukungena ngaphakathi) | Uketshezi lungavuza luphume emthanjeni luye ezicutshini ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-cannula. Ubuhlungu obuncane kanye nokuklwebheka kungase kwenzeke kodwa kuxazululeka kalula. |
| I-Phlebitis (ukuvuvukala komthambo) | I-IV ibangela ukuvuvukala komthambo. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu futhi kungelashwa ngokususa i-cannula, ukufaka ukushisa, nokuphakamisa ingalo. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uketshezi lwe-IV, noma 'usawoti', luyindlela yokwelapha enikezwa ngokuyinhloko ukuntuleka kwamanzi nosawoti emzimbeni (ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni).
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Uma uzwa izimpawu ezinzima zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ukunikeza uketshezi lwe-IV kuyinqubo ephephile kakhulu evame ukwenziwa ezibhedlela. Ungesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Uhlobo kanye nenani loketshezi lwe-IV oludingayo kuzonqunywa udokotela wakho ngemva kokuhlola isimo sakho sezokwelapha.
- Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile ngesikhathi i-IV isendaweni, yazisa udokotela noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha.
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