Ingabe amathambo akho aya eba buthakathaka usuku nosuku? Ake sifunde nge-osteoporosis!

Wake wawa waphuka ingalo noma umlenze? Noma ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo uqaphele ukuthi uya uncipha njengoba ukhula? Mhlawumbe isizathu salezi zinto yisitha esithule esingakhulunywa kakhulu ngaso kithi, kodwa esithinta abantu abaningi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleso sitha esithule, okungukuthi i-osteoporosis .

Kuyini i-Osteoporosis?

Kalula nje, i-osteoporosis yisifo esenza amathambo akho abe buthaka. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amathambo akho abe mancane kunalokho okufanele abe yikho futhi ubuningi bawo bunciphe. Kufana nezitini ezisetshenziswa ukwakha udonga ziba yimbobo futhi udonga lube buthaka. Ngakho-ke uma lokhu kwenzeka, amathuba okuphuka kwamathambo aphezulu kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, amathambo ethu aqinile futhi aqinile. Angasekela isisindo somzimba wethu futhi amunce umonakalo ovela ekuweni okuncane kanye nemihuzuko. Kodwa njengoba siguga, amathambo ethu ngokwemvelo alahlekelwa ubuningi bawo futhi izinga lokuvuselelwa kwawo liyancipha. Uma une-osteoporosis, amathambo akho abuthakathaka kakhulu futhi abuthakathaka kunokujwayelekile.

Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi bane-osteoporosis baze baphuke ithambo. Nakuba noma yiliphi ithambo lingaphuka, livame ukuthinta:

• Ukuphuka kwenqulu yakho.
• Amathambo esihlakaleni.
• Amathambo omgogodla aphukile.

Uma udokotela ethola i-osteoporosis kusenesikhathi, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuphuka kwamathambo. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 , uke waphuka amathambo ngemva kweminyaka engu-50, noma uma othile emndenini wakho ene-osteoporosis, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo akho.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Ezweni elifana neMelika, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 baphila ne-osteoporosis. Lesi simo siyanda naseSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi njengoba inani labantu asebekhulile landa.

I-Osteoporosis ivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Ochwepheshe bathi oyedwa kwabesifazane ababili kanye noyedwa kwabesilisa abane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 bangaba ne-osteoporosis. Cabanga nje ukuthi bangaki abantu obaziyo abangase babe nalesi simo.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 abangakabi ne-osteoporosis banezinga elithile lokuncipha kwamathambo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthiI-Osteopenia. I-Osteopenia yisimo esibonisa izimpawu zokuqala ze-osteoporosis. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kufana nokukhanya okubomvu. Uma ingelashwa kahle, isimo se-osteopenia singaphenduka i-osteoporosis.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Osteoporosis?

Njengezifo eziningi, i-osteoporosis ayinazo izimpawu ezisobala. Yingakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi beyibiza ngokuthi “isifo esithule.”

Awukwazi ukuzwa noma ukubona lutho, ngakho-ke batshele ukuthi unesifo sokuwohloka kwamathambo. Uma ungenalo ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane, noma ubuhlungu besisu, bazise ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wakho.

"Isibonakaliso" esiyinhloko salokhu ukuphuka kwethambo ngokuzumayo . Lokhu kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngokuwa okuncane, noma ngisho nangengozi encane engavamile ukubangela monakalo. Cabanga nje, noma ungakhubeka kancane ngenkathi uvuka esihlalweni, noma ngisho noma ushayisa umnyango, ungaphuka ingalo noma umlenze.

Nakuba i-osteoporosis ingase ingabangeli zimpawu, ungase uqaphele izinguquko ezithile ezibonisa ukuthi amathambo akho alahlekelwa amandla nokuqina. Lezi yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso ze-osteoporosis:

• Ungase wehlise i-intshi noma ngaphezulu yobude bakho. Lokhu kungenzeka kancane kancane, ngakho-ke ungase ungakuboni ngokushesha.
• Izinguquko endleleni oma ngayo evamile (ukugoba phambili, ukugoba). Abanye abantu bathi "ukugoba", into efana naleyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (uma umgogodla wakho ucindezelwe futhi amandla amaphaphu akho encishisiwe).
• Ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane (ubuhlungu emgogodleni wakho we-lumbar). Ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu kumane kuyibuhlungu emhlane, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho esinye isizathu.

Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukubona izinguquko emzimbeni wakho. Kungaba lula ngomuntu oseduze nawe noma umndeni wakho ukubona lezi zinguquko (ikakhulukazi ekuphakameni noma ekumeni komzimba). Nakuba abanye abantu behlekisa ngokuthi "uyancipha" njengoba ukhula, lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuthi udinga ukubona udokotela ukuze ahlolwe ukuqina kwamathambo.

Kungani kwenzeka i-osteoporosis?

I-Osteoporosis ikhula njengoba ukhula, lapho amandla amathambo akho okwakha amasha nokuzilungisa ehla.

Amathambo ethu ayizicubu eziphilayo, njengayo yonke imizimba yethu. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungenzeki, ahlala evuselela amangqamuzana nezicubu zawo kukho konke ukuphila kwethu. Cabanga ngakho njengokuvuselela indlu endala. Kuze kube yilapho sineminyaka engaba ngu-30 , imizimba yethu yakha amathambo amaningi ngokwemvelo kunalawo alahlekelwa yiwo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhange lamathambo liyakhula. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, izinga lokuphuka kwamathambo lidlula izinga lokwakheka kwamathambo amasha. Lokhu kunciphisa kancane kancane isisindo samathambo. Kufana nokukhipha imali ebhange ngokushesha nokunciphisa inani lemali oyibekayo.

Uma une-osteoporosis, ithambo lakho liyancipha ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Abesifazane balahlekelwa ithambo ngokushesha ngisho nangemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini , ngoba ukwehla kwe-hormone i-estrogen kuthinta amathambo.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-osteoporosis?

Noma ubani angaba nesifo sokuwohloka kwamathambo, kodwa amaqembu athile anamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Le ngozi iyanda njengoba ukhula.
• Abesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Sesikhulume ngalokhu ngaphambili.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-osteoporosis (isifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo). Uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini benalesi simo, nawe ungase ube sengozini.
• Abantu abancane ngokwemvelo, "abanezinhlaka ezincane." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abancane ngokuvamile banesisindo esincane samathambo, ngakho-ke ngisho nokulahlekelwa okuncane kubathinta kakhulu.
• Abantu ababhemayo futhi abasebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu emathanjeni.

Ezinye izifo zingase zandise ingozi.

Ezinye izimo zempilo zingandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sokuwohloka kwamathambo. Isibonelo:

• Izinkinga ze-endocrine: Noma yisiphi isimo esithinta izindlala ze-parathyroid, indlala ye-thyroid, nama-hormone (isb., isifo se-thyroid, isifo sikashukela).
• Izifo zesisu: Isibonelo, izimo ezifana nesifo se-Celiac kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD) zingabangela ukuthi umzimba ungamunci kahle izakhamzimba.
• Izifo ezithinta amasosha omzimba ezithinta amathambo: njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-ankylosing spondylitis.
• Izinkinga zegazi: Noma umdlavuza othinta igazi, isibonelo, i-multiple myeloma.

Eminye imithi kanye nokuhlinzwa nakho kunezingozi.

Ingozi ye-osteoporosis inganda ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile noma ukuhlinzwa okuthile:

• Imithi yokuhlanza:(Umuthi owehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi ukhiphe uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni).
• Ama-Corticosteroids: (Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zokuvuvukala njenge-asthma kanye ne-arthritis). Lezi ziyingozi kakhulu uma zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
• Eminye imithi yokwelapha isifo sokuwa.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa isisindo (ukuhlinzwa kweBariatric).
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone omdlavuza (womdlavuza webele noma umdlavuza wendlala yesinye).
• Ama-anticoagulant (imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi).
• Izithibi ze-proton pump ( imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-acidity, njenge-gastritis; lokhu kungathinta ukumuncwa kwe-calcium).

Udinga futhi ukubheka ukudla kwakho kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ukudla kwakho kanye nemikhuba yakho yokuzivocavoca nakho kuthinta ukukhula kwe-osteoporosis. Lezi yizinto esingazilawula:

• Ukungatholi i-calcium noma i-vitamin D eyanele ekudleni kwakho. I-calcium iyisakhi esiyinhloko samathambo. I-Vitamin D isiza umzimba ukuthi umunce i-calcium.
• Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba ngokwanele. Uma ungawuvivinyi umzimba, amathambo akho aba buthakathaka.
• Ukuphuza njalo (okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngosuku).

## Itholakala kanjani i-Osteoporosis?

Udokotela uxilonga i-osteoporosis ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo . Lokhu kulinganisa amandla amathambo akho. Kusebenzisa ama-X-ray ukukala ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium namanye amaminerali asemathanjeni akho.

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo ngokuthi i-DEXA scan , i-DXA scan, noma i-bone density scan. Lawa wonke amagama okuhlolwa okufanayo.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa ama-X-ray asezingeni eliphansi ukukala ubuningi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali emathanjeni akho. Kufana ne-X-ray evamile. Kuyinqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela, okusho ukuthi akudingeki uhlale esibhedlela. Ungaya ekhaya ngemva kokuhlolwa. Azikho izinaliti noma imijovo ehilelekile kulokhu kuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Ukuhlola ubuningi bamathambo akho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola i-osteoporosis ngaphambi kokuba ibangele ukuphuka.

Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-osteoporosis, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, noma uma une-osteopenia, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo njalo.

## Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Osteoporosis?

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ezizonciphisa ukulahleka kwamathambo akho futhi ziqinise izicubu zakho zamathambo ezikhona. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni i-osteoporosis ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwamathambo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ze-osteoporosis ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca njalo kuqinisa amathambo akho (kanye nazo zonke izicubu eziwaxhumanisayo, njengemisipha, imisipha, kanye nemisipha). Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuzivocavoca okuthwala isisindo ukuze aqinise imisipha yakho futhi athuthukise ibhalansi yakho. Ukuzivocavoca okuvimbela amandla adonsela phansi, njengokuhamba, i-yoga, i-Pilates, kanye ne-Tai Chi, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amandla akho kanye nebhalansi ngaphandle kokubeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu emathanjeni akho. Kungadingeka ukuthi usebenzisane nodokotela wezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukuzivocavoca kanye nokunyakaza okukusebenzelayo.
• Izithako zamavithamini namaminerali: Ungadinga izithako ze-calcium noma i-vitamin D ezitholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela noma ezitholakala ngodokotela. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi udinga uhlobo luni, kufanele uzithathe kangaki, nokuthi udinga umthamo ongakanani. Kubalulekile ukuthola i-vitamin D ekudleni okucebile nge-calcium, njengobisi, ushizi, iyogathi, imifino eluhlaza, nezinhlanzi ezincane, kanye nokuchayeka elangeni.
• Imithi ye-Osteoporosis: Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yimiphi imithi engcono kakhulu kuwe nasemzimbeni wakho. Eminye imithi evamile ihlanganisa ukwelashwa ngama-hormone, njengokwelashwa kokushintsha kwe-estrogen noma i-testosterone, kanye nemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-bisphosphonates . Abantu abane-osteoporosis enzima noma labo abasengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka kwamathambo bangadinga imithi efana ne -parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs, i-denosumab, kanye ne-romosozumab . Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa njengomjovo.

## Yini ongayilindela uma une-osteoporosis?

Uma une-osteoporosis, kufanele ulindele ukuphatha lesi simo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile impilo yakho yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke kube ngcono ngobusuku obubodwa. Kuzodingeka ubonane nodokotela wakho njalo futhi uhlolwe ukuqina kwamathambo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukuqina kwamathambo akho futhi alungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

## Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi ye-osteoporosis?

Ukuzivocavoca nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-calcium ne-vitamin D eyanele ekudleni kwakho ngokuvamile yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazenza ukuvimbela i-osteoporosis. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa kwakho kanye nempilo yamathambo akho.

Khumbula lezi zinto ukuze uzivikele ezingozini:

Landela lawa macebiso okuphepha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuphuka ithambo engozini:

• Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuphepha ezifanele kuyo yonke imisebenzi nemidlalo.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho nendawo yakho yokusebenza ingenazo izinto ezingadingekile ezingakukhubekisa noma zikhubeke kwabanye. Qaphela kakhulu izintambo, amathoyizi, nezinye izinto eziphansi.
• Sebenzisa imishini efanele njalo ukuze ufinyelele izinto usuka phezulu. Ungalokothi ukhwele ezihlalweni, ematafuleni, noma emakhawunteni.
• Kufanele ulandele uhlelo lokudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca.
• Uma unenkinga yokuhamba noma usengozini enkulu yokuwa, sebenzisa induku noma i-walker. Akukho namahloni ekusebenziseni lokhu, kungenxa yokuphepha kwakho.

## Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo kanye nohlelo lokuzivocavoca kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine amathambo akho (kanye nawo wonke) enempilo. Hamba uyohlolwa njalo. Bangakusiza ukuthi uthole noma yiziphi izinkinga noma izimpawu ezingase zithinte amathambo akho ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, noma uma othile emndenini wakho ene-osteoporosis, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo. Ungesabi noma ube namahloni okubuza ngalokhu.

## Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bona udokotela uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ezingaba yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso ze-osteoporosis (njengokulahlekelwa ubude, ubuthakathaka). Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo samathambo noma ubunzima bokunyakaza komzimba wakho.

## Kufanele uye nini eYunithi Yokwelapha Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unethambo eliphukile, noma uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER) ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuhambisa ingxenye yomzimba wakho.
• Uma ingxenye yomzimba ibukeka ingajwayelekile noma isishintshile kusukela lapho yayikhona (njengokungathi igobile, yeluliwe).
• Uma isikhumba sakho seluliwe futhi ithambo lakho libonakala.
• Ukuvuvukala.
• Kanye nalezi ezinye izimpawu, kuvela imivimbo emisha.

## Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Iyini ingozi yami yokuthola i-osteoporosis?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo? Iyini imiphumela yalo emibi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezinhle engingayenza ukuze ngiqinise amathambo ami?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okudingeka ngizenze ekudleni kwami?

## Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani une-osteoporosis?

I-Osteoporosis ayisona isifo esisongela ukuphila, okusho ukuthi ayishintshi isikhathi sakho sokuphila (ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani). Kodwa-ke, iyandisa ingozi yakho yokuphuka kwamathambo. Iyandisa futhi ingozi yakho yokuphuka okukhulu noma izinkinga ngenxa yokuphuka. Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi ukuphuka kwezinqe kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokuhamba, ukulaliswa esibhedlela njalo, kanye nokufa kusenesikhathi.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuzivikela ekuweni noma ekuqhekekeni, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile futhi uphilile.

## Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyikhumbule kulokhu?

I-Osteoporosis yisimo esenza amathambo akho abe mancane futhi abe buthakathaka kunalokho okufanele abe yikho. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngoba kukwenza ube namathuba amaningi okuphuka ithambo. Abantu abaningi abazi nokuthi bane-osteoporosis baze baphuke ithambo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuphuka kwamathambo ukubamba i-osteoporosis ngaphambi kokuba ikulimaze.

Ngakho-ke, hamba uyohlolwa njalo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe nini ukuqina kwamathambo nokuthi kufanele uqaphe kangaki impilo yamathambo akho. Khumbula, amathambo anempilo abalulekile empilweni enempilo! Ukunakekela amathambo akho kusukela esemncane kuyazuzisa njengoba ukhula.

I- Osteoporosis, impilo yamathambo, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, ubuningi bamathambo, i-calcium, i-vitamin D, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, i-Dexa scan