Ingabe ingane yakho encane ihlala igula? Kungaba yi-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)! Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ihlala igula? Ingabe ukugula okukodwa kuyaba ngcono ngaphambi kokunye? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyinto evamile, kodwa kungabangelwa yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi kakhulu. Yilokho okushiwo yi -SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, akunjalo? Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kuyini i-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-SCID iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, esingavamile esithinta abantu abambalwa kakhulu. Sibangela ukuba amasosha omzimba wethu, alwa nezifo, angasebenzi kahle. Kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu.

Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba okuyinhloko'. Ezinye izincwadi ziphinde zikubize ngokuthi 'iphutha lokuzalwa lokuzivikela komzimba'. Okusho ukuthi, kuyinto ekhona kusukela ngosuku lokuzalwa futhi ingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zofuzo zingabangela lesi simo se-SCID.

Cabanga nje, ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, uma kuzalwa izingane ezingaba ngu-58,000 minyaka yonke, cishe oyedwa kuphela ozoba nalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency). Ungacabanga ukuthi lokho kuyinto engavamile kangakanani.

Kwenzekani ngaphakathi komntwana one-SCID?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukubheka indlela amasosha omzimba wethu, ibutho elilwa nezifo, elisebenza ngayo.

Cabanga nje, lapho umntwana esesiswini sikanina, ibutho lamangqamuzana alwa nezifo liqala ukwakheka emzimbeni wakhe. Indlunkulu yaleli butho yi -bone morrow . Kukhona amangqamuzana akhethekile lapho, esiwabiza ngokuthi ' amaseli e-stem ' . Lawa maseli e-stem angenza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamangqamuzana egazi:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu : Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi : Lawa ngamasosha asemizimbeni yethu asivikela ezifweni.
• Ama-Platelet : Lawa asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi.

Manje, phakathi kwala maseli amhlophe egazi, kukhona iqembu elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-lymphocyte' . Lawa yiwo alwa nezifo ngqo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zala ma-lymphocyte: ama-T-cell nama -B-cell. Womabili la maseli abaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nezifo.

• Amaseli e-T ayazibona 'izihlaseli' ezibangela izifo - izinto ezifana namagciwane namagciwane - ezingena emzimbeni, ziwahlasele, futhi ziwabhubhise.
• Amaseli e-B enza 'ama-antibodies' . Lawa ma-antibodies afana nezinkumbulo. Uma usugula, uyakhumbula futhi usukulungele ukulwa nawo uma ebuya.

Igama elithi 'Combined' egameni elithi SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) lisho ukuthi lesi sifo sithinta amaseli e-T kanye namaseli e-B. Yingakho sibizwa ngokuthi ukuntuleka 'okuhlangene'.

Ingane ene-SCID inezinhlayiya ezimbalwa kakhulu zala ma-lymphocyte, noma amangqamuzana enawo awasebenzi kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lesi simiso somzimba asisebenzi kahle, kunzima kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka, ukulwa namagciwane—amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, kanye nesikhunta.

Yini ebangela i-SCID?

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency).

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lubangelwa inkinga yesakhi sofuzo ku-chromosome X. Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta abafana kuphela. Ngenxa yokuthi amantombazane ane-chromosome ezimbili ze-X, noma ngabe enye inenkinga, amasosha omzimba awo asakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yesinye i-chromosome X enempilo. Kodwa abafana bane-chromosome eyodwa ye-X kuphela. Ngakho-ke uma leso sakhi sofuzo sibuthakathaka, lesi sifo sizokhula. Amantombazane angaba 'abathwali' besifo kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma bengenaso lesi sifo, izingane zabo zingadlulisela isakhi sofuzo.

Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwe-SCID, olubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme edingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-lymphocyte. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-SCID ingabangelwa nezinye izimbangela ezahlukahlukene zofuzo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-SCID? Itholakala kanjani?

Nakuba izingane ezine-SCID zingase zibonakale ziphilile lapho zizalwa , izinkinga zingase ziqale ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nazi ezinye izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ukwehluleka ukukhula kahle, ukungakhuluphali njalo .
• Uhudo olungapheli .
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi ezinzima . Lokhu kusho ukuminyana kwesifuba okuqhubekayo nokukhwehlela.
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta okubangela amabala amhlophe emlonyeni nasemphinjeni (i-thrush yomlomo)Kuyeza. Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi 'i-Ullogam'.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta okunzima ukuzelapha futhi ezingaba zimbi kakhulu zingavela. Isibonelo:
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe (i-acute otitis media)
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Sinus (sinusitis)
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• Umkhuhlane wobuchopho, i-meningitis
• Inyumoniya

Cabanga ukuthi kunzima kangakanani kubazali uma ingane encane iqhubeka nokugula kanje, futhi uma isifo esisodwa siba ngcono ngaphambi kokuba kuvele esinye. Ngakho-ke, uma esinye salezi zimpawu siqhubeka, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) ihlolwa kanjani?

Ngenhlanhla, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula, okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlolwa kwezinsana' , sekwenziwa manje ukuhlola izifo ezithile ezinganeni ngokushesha nje lapho zizalwa . Isibonelo, 'isifo se-sickle cell' kanye 'ne-cystic fibrosis' kungatholakala ngalokhu. Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwenziwa naseSri Lanka. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) manje ingatholakala ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwezinsana kwamanye amazwe.

Ngale ndlela , uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho imiphumela iba ngcono kakhulu.

Uma ukuhlolwa kosana olusanda kuzalwa kubonisa ukuthi lune-SCID, umntwana uvame ukuthunyelwa kuchwepheshe wezifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba. Lowo dokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe, futhi mhlawumbe nokuhlolwa kofuzo .

Uma othile emndenini ene-SCID, noma uma kunomlando womndeni wokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, abazali bangathola ukwelulekwa ngofuzo . Bangathola nokuhlolwa kwegazi ngokushesha nje lapho umntwana ezalwa . Uma ukuxilongwa kusheshe, ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha futhi umphumela uba ngcono.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela i-SCID emndenini kwaziwa, kungenzeka ukuhlola ingane ngalesi sifo lapho izalwa . Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni ezingenawo umlando womndeni noma ezingahlolwanga ngokuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kungase kube sekwephuzile ezinyangeni eziyi-6 ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sitholakale. Ngaleso sikhathi, sekuphuzile kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-SCID?

I-SCID iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha sezingane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, lezi zingane zingase zife zingakafiki ngisho nosuku lwazo lokuzalwa lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu 'ukufakelwa iseli le-stem'. LokhuOkubizwa nangokuthi 'ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo', lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza amaseli okuqala avela kumuntu ophilile aye enganeni egulayo. Ithemba liwukuthi la maseli amasha azokwakha kabusha amasosha omzimba engane.

• Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell okuphumelele kakhulu kungenziwa uma amaseli ethathwe kumuntu ozalwa naye ofanelana nezakhi zofuzo.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, amaseli abazali nawo angahambisana.
• Uma kungekho muntu emndenini ofanelana naye, odokotela bangasebenzisa nama-stem cell avela kumuntu onikelayo ongahlobene.

Ezinye izingane ezine-SCID zingadinga nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngaphambi kokufakelwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kufakelwa kwe-stem cell kwenziwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila komntwana, ngaphambi kokuba athole noma yiziphi izifo. Yilapho imiphumela iba yimpumelelo enkulu khona.

Ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo kubonise nemiphumela ethembisayo ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo kwezinhlobo eziningana ze-SCID. Kodwa-ke, akukasetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ucwaningo ngokwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo lwe-SCID lusaqhubeka.

Uma welapha ingane ene-SCID, kuvame ukuba nethimba lezokwelapha elakhiwe ochwepheshe abaningana. Isibonelo:

• Udokotela wezifo zabantwana
• Udokotela wokufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo
• Isazi sezifo ezithelelanayo zezingane

Izinsana ezine-SCID zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezisongela ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, odokotela baqala imithi yokusiza ukuvimbela izifo. Isibonelo, ama-antibiotic, ama-antiviral, ama-antifungal , kanye nemijovo ye-antibody/immunoglobulin . Ezinye izingane, kuye ngokuthi zihluke kanjani kwezakhi zofuzo, zingadinga ngisho nokufakwa kwama-enzyme .

Izinto ezengeziwe okufanele uzazi nge-SCID

Ngaphezu kwemithi nokwelashwa, kunezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzithathe ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka. Khumbula lezi zinto lapho unakekela ingane ene-SCID:

• Ukuze avimbele ukusabalala kokutheleleka, kudingeka ahlukaniswe nabanye. Lokhu kusho ukumnika ikamelo elihlukile nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto azithintayo zihlanzekile.
• Akukhuthazwa ukunikeza noma yimuphi 'umuthi wokugoma ophilayo'. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungaba yingozi ukunikeza ingane ene-SCID, ngisho negciwane elibuthakathaka, njengomjovo. Izibonelo zalokhu yilezi:Umuthi wokugomela i-Rotavirus, umuthi wokugomela i-chickenpox/varicella, umuthi wokugomela i-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), umuthi wokugomela i-polio ngomlomo, umuthi wokugomela i-BCG, kanye nemithi yokugomela i-flu ephilayo.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akekho ohlala endlini efanayo nomntwana okufanele athole le migomo ephilayo, ngoba ingadlulisela lesi sifo enganeni.
• Uma kudingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi, kufanele kuphathwe ngegazi ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi.
• Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuncelisa isikhashana kuze kube yilapho ubisi lwakho lwebele luhlolwa amagciwane angabangela izifo. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

Ningasiza kanjani njengabazali?

Ngesikhathi ingane yakho ihlolwa i-SCID, nangesikhathi sokwelashwa, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza njengomzali ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Nciphisa inani lezivakashi ekhaya. Kungcono ukuba nabantu abambalwa ngangokunokwenzeka beze ukuzobona umntwana.
• Gwema ukuyisa ingane yakho ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinabantu abaningi , njengezitolo ezinkulu kanye nemikhosi.
• Ungasondezi ingane yakho eduze kwanoma ubani onomkhuhlane , umkhuhlane, noma ukukhwehlela. Uma kukhona umuntu onjalo ekhaya, mgcine kude nengane yakho.
• Ngaphambi kokuthinta ingane, qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu ozobe enakekela ingane ugeza izandla zakhe kahle. Geza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.

Ake sicabange ngekusasa.

Ingane ene-SCID kungase kudingeke ibhekane nezinqubo eziningi zezokwelapha kanye nokuhlala njalo esibhedlela. Lokhu kungaba yinto ecindezelayo kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umndeni. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa.

Ithimba lezokwelapha likhona ukukusiza wena nomntwana wakho ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa. Ungathola futhi usizo nesikhuthazo emaqenjini okusekela, izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, umndeni, kanye nabangani. Kungase kube nezinhlangano eSri Lanka ezisiza izingane ezinalesi simo, ngakho-ke zihlole.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokusekelwa ku-inthanethi, ungavakashela amawebhusayithi aphesheya njengalawa (lawa angesiNgisi):

• Isisekelo Sokuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba
• I-SCID, Izingelosi Zokuphila Konke

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ekhaya kulesi sihloko

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) yisifo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibi kakhulu esibangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba engane angasebenzi kahle.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka okunzima njalo, ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala, noma isifo sohudo esiqhubekayo , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinsana ngezinye izikhathi kungabona i-SCID kusenesikhathi.
• Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell / ukufakelwa komnkantsha.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ingane ene-SCID ezifweni, futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile.
• Awuwedwa. Thola usizo kodokotela, emndenini, kanye namaqembu okusekela.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Ngifisela ingane yakho ukululama okusheshayo!

` I-SCID, Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba Okuhlanganisiwe Okukhulu, Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba, Izingane, Izifo Zofuzo, Ukufakelwa Umdlavuza Wamathambo, Ukuhlolwa Kwezinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa