Uma ucabanga ngegazi, kufika uketshezi olubomvu engqondweni, akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yegazi lakho iwuketshezi oluphuzi? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-plasma. Kufana nomfula wokuphila emizimbeni yethu. Konke okudingwa yimizimba yethu kuhamba kulo mfula. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalolu ketshezi olumangalisayo, i-plasma, ngamazwi alula.
Iyini ngempela i-Plasma?
Kalula nje, i-plasma yingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho. Ukuze kube sobala, yakha u-55%, noma ngaphezulu kancane kwengxenye, yenani eliphelele legazi lakho. Wonke amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet owake wezwa ngawo ayantanta kule plasma, ewathwala emzimbeni wakho wonke.
Cabanga ngakho njengesaladi yezithelo. Izingcezu zezithelo zingamaseli egazi abomvu namhlophe kanye nama-platelet. Ijeli exutshwe ndawonye ifana ne-plasma.
Le plasma ingamanzi angu-92%. Ama-7% asele angamaprotheni (njengama-antibodies, izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, i-albumin, i-fibrinogen). Elinye i-1% liyizinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu, njengama-hormone, amavithamini, usawoti, nama-enzyme.
Kungani i-plasma ibaluleke kangaka emzimbeni wethu?
I-plasma ayiyona nje ingxenye encane yamanzi. Yenza umsebenzi omningi emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga nge-plasma njengomfula. Amanye amangqamuzana egazi afana nezikebhe ezihamba kulowo mfula. Uma izinga lamanzi emfuleni lehla, izikebhe azikwazi ukuhamba, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo. Ngaphandle kwe-plasma, igazi lethu alikwazi ukuhamba.
Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze ubone ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile eyenziwa yi-plasma emizimbeni yethu.
| Umsebenzi we-plasma | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukudla okunempilo kanye nokulethwa komoya-mpilo | Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi asiza ekuthwaleni umoya-mpilo emaphashini. Asebenza futhi 'njengesevisi yokulethwa' ethwala izakhamzimba, amahomoni, namavithamini kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. |
| Ukulawulwa komfutho wegazi | Kuyasiza ukugcina ingcindezi edingekayo ukuze igazi lijikeleze kahle, ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe. |
| Ukusiza amasosha omzimba | I-plasma ithwala amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kanye nama-antibodies alwa namagciwane kuwo wonke umzimba. |
| Ukujiya kwegazi nokuphulukiswa | Uma usika ingalo yakho, i-plasma ithwala amaprotheni asiza ekumiseni ukopha futhi asize inxeba ukuba liphilise. |
| Ukususwa kwemfucuza | Baqoqa imfucuza ekhiqizwa emzimbeni bese beyithutha bayiyise ezinso nasesibindini, lapho ikhishwa khona emzimbeni. |
| Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba | Kuyasiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba lisezingeni elifanayo, kuvimbele ukuthi lingakhuphuki noma lehle kakhulu. |
I-plasma yakheka kanjani futhi inombala onjani?
I-plasma akuyona into ekhiqizwa endaweni eyodwa. Yakhiwa yinhlanganisela yama-electrolyte, okuyizinsalela esizimunca ngohlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla emanzini esiwaphuzayo kanye nokudla esikudlayo. Kodwa amaprotheni abaluleke kakhulu afakwa kuyo avela ezindaweni ezithile emzimbeni wethu.
- Umkantsha
- Amaseli egazi amadala futhi afayo
- Isibindi
- Ubende
Uma la maprotheni ehlangana nalolo ketshezi, kwakheka i-plasma ephelele.
Ngokuvamile, lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi esuswa egazini, i-plasma iba nombala ophuzi okhanyayo, njengotshani. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esithile, lo mbala ungashintsha. Isibonelo, uma unesifo lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ehlukana khona (i-hemolysis), i-plasma ingaba pinki. Uma unesifo sesibindi, esibangela i-jaundice, i-plasma ingaba luhlaza noma ibe nsundu.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaprotheni ku-plasma
Sithe i-plasma iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi abalulekile. Lezi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Amaprotheni | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| I-Albumin | Isihluthulelo ukugcina inani lamanzi emaseli kanye naseplasma lilingana. Lokhu kuvimbela iplasma ekuphumeni emithanjeni yegazi. |
| I-Fibrinogen | Lena yiprotheni eyinhloko esiza ekumiseni ukopha ngokwakha amahlule egazi uma kukhona ukulimala. Iphinde isize inxeba ukuthi liphole. |
| Ama-Globulin | Yilezi ezakha ama-antibodies. Lawa ngamaprotheni asiza ekulweni namagciwane futhi asivikele ezifweni. |
Izifo nezimpawu ezingase zihlotshaniswe ne-plasma
Uma kukhona ukungalingani noma iphutha ku-plasma, izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela.
Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha:
- Izifo ezibangelwa izinkinga ngokusebenza kwamaprotheni, isibonelo `(Amyloidosis)`.
- Izifo ezibangela izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, isibonelo `(Hemophilia)` kanye `(isifo se-von Willebrand)`.
- Izifo ezinciphisa amasosha omzimba (ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni omzimba egazini).
- I-Myeloma umdlavuza othinta umongo wamathambo.
Lezi kungaba izimpawu zalokhu okulandelayo:
Uma uqhubeka nokuba nalezi zinto, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela.
- Ngisho nokulimala okuncane kungabangela ukuphuka okukhulu noma ngisho nokopha okuncane.
- Ubuhlungu bethambo.
- Ukuzwa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngendlela engavamile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba).
- Ukugula njalo kusho ukuthola izifo ngokushesha ngenxa yobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
Akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zimpawu onesifo esihlobene ne-plasma, kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Ukunikela nge-plasma kungasindisa izimpilo
Njengokunikela ngegazi, unganikela nge-plasma kuphela. Lokhu kungasindisa izimpilo zeziguli eziningi.
1. Ukunikela ngegazi njalo:Uma unikela ngegazi, i-plasma ingahlukaniswa nalo kamuva elabhorethri.
2. Ukunikela nge-plasma kuphela: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini okhethekile ukuthatha igazi lakho, uhlukanise i-plasma kuphela, bese ufaka amangqamuzana abomvu namhlophe asele emzimbeni wakho. Le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Plasmapheresis".
I-plasma enikelwe isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukusha, izingozi ezinkulu, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, iziguli ezine-immune system ebuthakathaka, kanye nezinye iziguli eziningi. I-plasma evela kubantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-AB ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ayinawo ama-antibodies futhi inganikezwa abantu banoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyini, usengasiza ngokunikela nge-plasma.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-plasma yingxenye ephuzi yegazi lakho. Ifana 'nomfula wokuphila' othwala izakhamzimba, ama-hormone, namaseli emizimbeni yethu yonke.
- Ngisho noma kungaphezu kuka-90% wamanzi, kugcwele amaprotheni, amavithamini, kanye namaminerali abalulekile emzimbeni.
- Uma ushintsha umbala ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho nasezintweni ezincane kakhulu, noma uma uhlala ugula, qaphela lokho bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
- Ukuhlolwa okulula, njengokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele okuvamile (i-CBC), kunganikeza izinkomba mayelana nezinkinga ezihlobene ne-plasma.
- Nawe ungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yomunye umuntu ngokunikela nge-plasma.
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