Izifo Ezithelelanayo Nezifo EzithelelanayoJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 8 min

Ingabe uvame ukuba nomkhuhlane kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu? Ake sixoxe nge-Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)!

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-16T13:39:33.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Sivame ukuguliswa umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi, "Kuyaphinda kwenzeke!" Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukutheleleka kwephefumo eliphezulu , noma njengoba odokotela bekubiza kanjalo, 'Upper Respiratory Infection - URI'. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngakho. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini ngempela lezi, kungani zenzeka, ukuthi zingagwenywa kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma zenzeka.

Iyini le nkinga yokuphefumula ephezulu (i-URI)?

Kalula nje, kungukutheleleka kwendlela yakho yokuphefumula ephezulu . Lokho kusho ukuthi kuthinta ikhala lakho, ama-sinuses, nomphimbo . Cabanga ngalezi zitho njengezindawo zokungena eziyinhloko lapho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke lapho igciwane, noma ngezinye izikhathi amabhaktheriya, lingena kulezi zindawo futhi libangele ukutheleleka, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-URI. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kubangelwa amagciwane . Umkhuhlane ovamile, esiwaziyo sonke, yi-URI ebangelwa yigciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezifana ne-strep throat, isibonelo, zingabangelwa amagciwane . Akuvamile, isikhunta singase sibangele lokhu, kodwa lokho akuvamile kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Bheka ukuthi nawe unazo lezi!

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuphezulu, umuntu ngamunye angase abe nezimpawu ezihlukile. Kuya ngohlobo lwegciwane elingene kanye nendawo yomzimba ethinteke kakhulu. Ezinye izifo zingabangela ukuvuvukala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomphimbo. Isibonelo, `(Pharyngitis)` (ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi komphimbo) kanye `(Laryngitis)` (ukuvuvukala kwezintambo zezwi) kungenzeka. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

Impumulo egobhozayo noma ikhala elicijile : Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala esifika engqondweni yabantu abaningi. Abanye abantu banenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa yekhala elicijile.
Umphimbo obuhlungu : Ukuluma , umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya.
Ukukhwehlela: Kungase kuqale njengokukhwehlela okomile bese kuba ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
Ukuthimula : Ukuthimula njalo nakho kuyimpawu evamile.
Umkhuhlane: Ungase ube nomkhuhlane, ongaqala njengomkhuhlane omncane.
Ikhanda elibuhlungu : Kungase kube nekhanda elibuhlungu elinzima nelinzima.
Ukuhosha noma ukulahlekelwa yizwi: Uma unesifo somphimbo, izwi lakho lingase lihoshe noma linyamalale ngokuphelele.
Ukukhathala nokuzola: Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho.
Ubuhlungu bobuso : Ubuhlungu bungase buvele, ikakhulukazi ebunzini nasemadlelweni. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezimweni ezifana ne-sinusitis.
Ukuphefumula : Abanye abantu bangase bezwe umsindo wokuphefumula esifubeni sabo lapho bephefumula.
Ama-lymph node avuvukele

Uma uke wabhekana nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungenzeka ukuthi yi-`(URI)`.
Kungani sithola lezi zifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu?
Njengoba sesike sakhuluma ngakho ngaphambili, lezi zifo zivame ukubangelwa amagciwane .
Amagciwane omkhuhlane avamile: Lawa ayimbangela eyinhloko. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zala magciwane.
Igciwane lomkhuhlane `(Igciwane lomkhuhlane A no-B – umkhuhlane): Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wegciwane". Kungaba nzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile.
Igciwane le-COVID-19 (igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 – i-COVID-19): Lokhu kuthinta nohlelo lokuphefumula oluphezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo lokuphefumula oluphansi.
Igciwane le-RSV (i-Respiratory Syncytial Virus – RSV): Lokhu kungathinta izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile kakhulu.
Amanye amagciwane, njengegciwane le-Varicella-zoster (igciwane elibangela i-chickenpox) kanye negciwane le-Herpes simplex, nawo awavamile ukubangela lokhu.
Akuzona nje kuphela amagciwane, kodwa namabhaktheriya angabangela lokhu:
Ibhaktheriya ye-Streptococcus: Isibonelo, i-Group A Strep ibangela umphimbo obuhlungu. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae nayo ingabangela ukutheleleka.
Ibhaktheriya ye-Haemophilus influenzae
Ibhaktheriya ye-Moraxella catarrhalis
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isikhunta singadala izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isikhunta esifana ne-Aspergillus ne-Mucormycetes. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuthinta abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. iziguli ezinomdlavuza kanye nabantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba).
Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana? Sithelelana kanjani?
Yebo, izifo eziningi zokuphefumula eziphezulu ziyathelelana, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa amagciwane namagciwane. Cabanga nje, la magciwane angasakazeka kalula esuka komunye umuntu aye komunye.
Amaconsi okuphefumula: Lawa magciwane atholakala emaconsineni amancane amathe akhishwa emlonyeni nasekhaleni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma kakhulu. Uma la maconsi ephefumulwa ngumuntu oseduze, angangenwa yileli gciwane.
Ngokwabelana ngokudla neziphuzo:Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinto ezifana nokuphuza amanzi enkomishini efanayo, ukudla ukudla ngesipuni esifanayo, njll. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngokwabelana ngamabhodlela amanzi phakathi kwezingane zesikole.
Ngokuthinta izindawo ezingcoliswe amagciwane: Uma sithinta into ethintwe umuntu ogulayo, njengesibambo somnyango, iswishi yokukhanyisa, ifoni, noma ithoyizi, bese sithinta ikhala lethu, umlomo, noma amehlo ethu ngesandla esifanayo, amagciwane angangena emizimbeni yethu.
Cabanga nje ukuthi kunethuba elingakanani lokuthola lesi sifo ngale ndlela uma ugibele ibhasi, isitimela, noma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.
Kodwa-ke, izifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu ezibangelwa yi-fungus azivamile ukudluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.
Ingabe lokhu kungabanga izinkinga eziyingozi?
Esikhathini esiningi, i-"URI", njengomkhuhlane ovamile, ayibi yingozi kangako. Izophola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isonto noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga .
Amanye ama-URI angabangela ukuthi ukutheleleka kusabalale emaphashini, okubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia .
Uma ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kungelashwa kahle, amagciwane angahamba egazini futhi athinte ezinye izindawo. Isibonelo:
I-Meningitis (ebizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane wobuchopho, ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho)
Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic (uthinta inhliziyo, amalunga, kanye nobuchopho)
Umkhuhlane obomvu ( umkhuhlane onamaqhubu abomvu esikhumbeni)
I-Sepsis ( ukufa kwegazi, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu)
Ukulimala kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yezinkinga?
Kwabantwana abancane
Kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala
Abantu abanezitho zomzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. labo abanezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, i-HIV, noma labo abathatha imithi ecindezela izitho zomzimba)
Kulabo abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona (isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu).
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela uzoxilonga i-URI ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho. Bangase futhi bathathe i-nasal swab noma i-throat culture. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola ukuthi unesifo somkhuhlane, ukutheleleka okuthile njenge-COVID-19, noma unesifo somphimbo esibuhlungu, igciwane elifana ne-strep throat. Uma izimpawu zakho zingembi kakhulu futhi kungekho lutho olutholakala kulezo zivivinyo, kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane elivamile. Abalihloli njalo.
Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu? (Ukwelashwa)
Indlela yokwelapha incike embangela yokutheleleka .
Ama-URI amagciwane: Njengomkhuhlane ovamile, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwama-URI amaningi amagciwane. Okudingekayo nje ukuqeda izimpawu nokunikeza umzimba ukuphumula.
Phuza amanzi amaningi (okungenani amalitha angu-2-3 ngosuku).
Phuza izinto ezifudumele (izinto ezifana ne-coriander, i-fenugreek, itiye le-ginger).
Phumula kahle.
Uma umkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, thatha umuthi onjenge-paracetamol, ongawuthenga ekhemisi.
Uma ikhala lakho ligcwele umoya, zama ukuhogela ngomusi.
Ama-URI ebhaktheriya: Uma unegciwane elibangelwa yibhaktheriya, njenge-strep throat, udokotela uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Thatha ama-antibiotic njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, izinsuku eziqondile, ngesikhathi esiqondile. Ungayeki ukuwathatha ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya abe mabi kakhulu esikhundleni sokuwabulala ngokuphelele, noma kungabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhule ukumelana nemithi.
Yini ongayenza ukuze ululame ngokushesha?
Uma unesifo esibangelwa yigciwane, kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho igciwane seliphelile ngokuphelele emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha cishe isonto noma amabili. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukwenza izinto eziqeda izimpawu zakho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele. Uma uqala ukuthatha ama-antibiotics okutheleleka ngamagciwane, izimpawu zakho zizoqala ukuthuthuka zingakapheli usuku noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uthatha umuthi izinsuku eziphelele ezinqunywe udokotela wakho.
Isikhathi esingakanani lesi sifo sithelelana? (Isikhathi Esithelelana)
Ama-URI egciwane avame ukuthelelana kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungathelelana kusukela ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono kodwa usenezimpawu (njengokukhwehlela nokuthimula), usengasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu. Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, njenge-strep throat, kungathelelana amasonto amaningi uma kungelashwa.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Akudingeki ukuthi ugijimele kudokotela njalo ngenxa yomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela uma:
Uma izimpawu zinzima kakhulu: isibonelo, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba.
Uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili: Umkhuhlane ovamile awuhlali isikhathi eside kangako.
Uma ukugula kwenzeka njalo.
Kulesi simo, kungaba ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ukutheleleka ngefungus, noma enye inkinga yezempilo. Futhi, uma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka noma ezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ze-URI.
Kunini lapho kudingeka uye esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha:
Umkhuhlane ophezulu: (Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius).
Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ukuphefumula okufushane, ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
Ubuhlungu besifuba.
Imisindo engavamile lapho uphefumula: ukuphefumula noma i-stridor.
Isiyezi (vertigo).
Ukuhoxa: Isikhumba esiphakathi kwezimbambo zesifuba sidonsela ngaphakathi ngenkathi siphefumula (lokhu kungabonakala ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane).
Ukudideka noma izinguquko zengqondo: Ukukhuluma ngokunganaki, kubonakala sengathi uphelelwe yingqondo, noma awukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele.
Ungazigwema kanjani lezi zifo? (Ukuvimbela)
Akungcono yini ukuzama ukuvimbela i-"(URI)" ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke kunokuhlushwa yiyo? Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula ongazenza:
Thola imijovo enconywayo: Thola imijovo efana nomjovo womkhuhlane kanye nomjovo we-COVID-19 ngesikhathi.
Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho: ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokuphuma ngaphandle.
Ukugcina izindawo ezithintwa njalo zihlanzekile: Sula izindawo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, kanye nezingcingo ngesibulali-magciwane.
Ungabelani ngokudla, amabhodlela amanzi, noma izinkomishi nabanye.
Uma ugula, gqoka imaski ukuze unciphise ingozi yokusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye. Futhi, hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka uma ugula.
Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, vala umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ingaphakathi lendololwane yakho.
Ingabe yonke i-URI idinga `(Ama-antibiotic)`?
Lokhu kuyiphutha elivamile. Esikhathini esiningi, i-URI ayidingi ama-antibiotic! Ngoba, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ama-URI amaningi abangelwa amagciwane . Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi kumagciwane. Asebenza kumagciwane kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ungagijimeli nje ekhemisi ucele ama-antibiotic uma unomkhuhlane. Ama-antibiotic azonikezwa kuphela uma udokotela ekuhlolile futhi ethola ukuthi kuyigciwane elibangelwa amagciwane (isb., umphimbo obuhlungu).
Okwenzekayo uma sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic ukuthi amabhaktheriya amahle emizimbeni yethu ayafa futhi amabhaktheriya ayingozi amelana nama-antibiotic akhula. Khona-ke, lapho siwadinga ngempela ama-antibiotic, lawo ma-antibiotic angase ayeke ukusebenza. Leso isimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule
Umphimbo obuhlungu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, impumulo egobhozayo... lezi zimpawu ze-`(URI)` ziyacasula ngempela. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izifo eziningi zokuphefumula okuphezulu aziyona ingozi. Iningi lazo libangelwa amagciwane, futhi uma uphuza uketshezi oluningi, ukuphumula, kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa izimpawu, uzolulama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya esontweni elilodwa noma amabili. Uzokwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile maduze. Kodwa-ke, uma unokungabaza ngezimpawu zakho, uma zinzima, noma uma sezihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungumntwana omncane, umuntu osekhulile, noma umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka. Ungakhohlwa, imikhuba elula yokuhlanzeka njengokugeza izandla zakho ingasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni lezi zifo. Hlala uphilile wonke umuntu!
'Ukutheleleka Okuphezulu Kokuphefumula, i-URI, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane ovamile, igciwane, amagciwane, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Izifo Ezithelelanayo Nezifo EzithelelanayoJulayi 16, 2026
Ingabe uvame ukuba nomkhuhlane kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu? Ake sixoxe nge-Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)!
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 8 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Iyini le nkinga yokuphefumula ephezulu (i-URI)?
2. Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Bheka ukuthi nawe unazo lezi!
3. Kungani sithola lezi zifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu?
4. Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana? Sithelelana kanjani?
5. Ingabe lokhu kungabanga izinkinga eziyingozi?
6. Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
7. Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu? (Ukwelashwa)
8. Yini ongayenza ukuze ululame ngokushesha?
9. Isikhathi esingakanani lesi sifo sithelelana? (Isikhathi Esithelelana)
10. Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
11. Kunini lapho kudingeka uye esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?
12. Ungazigwema kanjani lezi zifo? (Ukuvimbela)
13. Ingabe yonke i-URI idinga `(Ama-antibiotic)`?
14. Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule
Sivame ukuguliswa umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi, "Kuyaphinda kwenzeke!" Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukutheleleka kwephefumo eliphezulu , noma njengoba odokotela bekubiza kanjalo, 'Upper Respiratory Infection - URI'. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngakho. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini ngempela lezi, kungani zenzeka, ukuthi zingagwenywa kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma zenzeka.
Iyini le nkinga yokuphefumula ephezulu (i-URI)?
Kalula nje, kungukutheleleka kwendlela yakho yokuphefumula ephezulu . Lokho kusho ukuthi kuthinta ikhala lakho, ama-sinuses, nomphimbo . Cabanga ngalezi zitho njengezindawo zokungena eziyinhloko lapho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke lapho igciwane, noma ngezinye izikhathi amabhaktheriya, lingena kulezi zindawo futhi libangele ukutheleleka, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-URI. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kubangelwa amagciwane . Umkhuhlane ovamile, esiwaziyo sonke, yi-URI ebangelwa yigciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezifana ne-strep throat, isibonelo, zingabangelwa amagciwane . Akuvamile, isikhunta singase sibangele lokhu, kodwa lokho akuvamile kakhulu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Bheka ukuthi nawe unazo lezi!
Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuphezulu, umuntu ngamunye angase abe nezimpawu ezihlukile. Kuya ngohlobo lwegciwane elingene kanye nendawo yomzimba ethinteke kakhulu. Ezinye izifo zingabangela ukuvuvukala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomphimbo. Isibonelo, `(Pharyngitis)` (ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi komphimbo) kanye `(Laryngitis)` (ukuvuvukala kwezintambo zezwi) kungenzeka. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:
Impumulo egobhozayo noma ikhala elicijile : Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala esifika engqondweni yabantu abaningi. Abanye abantu banenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa yekhala elicijile.
Umphimbo obuhlungu : Ukuluma , umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya.
Ukukhwehlela: Kungase kuqale njengokukhwehlela okomile bese kuba ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
Ukuthimula : Ukuthimula njalo nakho kuyimpawu evamile.
Umkhuhlane: Ungase ube nomkhuhlane, ongaqala njengomkhuhlane omncane.
Ikhanda elibuhlungu : Kungase kube nekhanda elibuhlungu elinzima nelinzima.
Ukuhosha noma ukulahlekelwa yizwi: Uma unesifo somphimbo, izwi lakho lingase lihoshe noma linyamalale ngokuphelele.
Ukukhathala nokuzola: Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho.
Ubuhlungu bobuso : Ubuhlungu bungase buvele, ikakhulukazi ebunzini nasemadlelweni. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezimweni ezifana ne-sinusitis.
Ukuphefumula : Abanye abantu bangase bezwe umsindo wokuphefumula esifubeni sabo lapho bephefumula.
Ama-lymph node avuvukele
Uma uke wabhekana nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungenzeka ukuthi yi-`(URI)`.
Kungani sithola lezi zifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu?
Njengoba sesike sakhuluma ngakho ngaphambili, lezi zifo zivame ukubangelwa amagciwane .
Amagciwane omkhuhlane avamile: Lawa ayimbangela eyinhloko. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zala magciwane.
Igciwane lomkhuhlane `(Igciwane lomkhuhlane A no-B – umkhuhlane): Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wegciwane". Kungaba nzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile.
Igciwane le-COVID-19 (igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 – i-COVID-19): Lokhu kuthinta nohlelo lokuphefumula oluphezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo lokuphefumula oluphansi.
Igciwane le-RSV (i-Respiratory Syncytial Virus – RSV): Lokhu kungathinta izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile kakhulu.
Amanye amagciwane, njengegciwane le-Varicella-zoster (igciwane elibangela i-chickenpox) kanye negciwane le-Herpes simplex, nawo awavamile ukubangela lokhu.
Akuzona nje kuphela amagciwane, kodwa namabhaktheriya angabangela lokhu:
Ibhaktheriya ye-Streptococcus: Isibonelo, i-Group A Strep ibangela umphimbo obuhlungu. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae nayo ingabangela ukutheleleka.
Ibhaktheriya ye-Haemophilus influenzae
Ibhaktheriya ye-Moraxella catarrhalis
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isikhunta singadala izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isikhunta esifana ne-Aspergillus ne-Mucormycetes. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuthinta abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. iziguli ezinomdlavuza kanye nabantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba).
Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana? Sithelelana kanjani?
Yebo, izifo eziningi zokuphefumula eziphezulu ziyathelelana, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa amagciwane namagciwane. Cabanga nje, la magciwane angasakazeka kalula esuka komunye umuntu aye komunye.
Amaconsi okuphefumula: Lawa magciwane atholakala emaconsineni amancane amathe akhishwa emlonyeni nasekhaleni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma kakhulu. Uma la maconsi ephefumulwa ngumuntu oseduze, angangenwa yileli gciwane.
Ngokwabelana ngokudla neziphuzo:Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinto ezifana nokuphuza amanzi enkomishini efanayo, ukudla ukudla ngesipuni esifanayo, njll. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngokwabelana ngamabhodlela amanzi phakathi kwezingane zesikole.
Ngokuthinta izindawo ezingcoliswe amagciwane: Uma sithinta into ethintwe umuntu ogulayo, njengesibambo somnyango, iswishi yokukhanyisa, ifoni, noma ithoyizi, bese sithinta ikhala lethu, umlomo, noma amehlo ethu ngesandla esifanayo, amagciwane angangena emizimbeni yethu.
Cabanga nje ukuthi kunethuba elingakanani lokuthola lesi sifo ngale ndlela uma ugibele ibhasi, isitimela, noma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.
Kodwa-ke, izifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu ezibangelwa yi-fungus azivamile ukudluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.
Ingabe lokhu kungabanga izinkinga eziyingozi?
Esikhathini esiningi, i-"URI", njengomkhuhlane ovamile, ayibi yingozi kangako. Izophola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isonto noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga .
Amanye ama-URI angabangela ukuthi ukutheleleka kusabalale emaphashini, okubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia .
Uma ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kungelashwa kahle, amagciwane angahamba egazini futhi athinte ezinye izindawo. Isibonelo:
I-Meningitis (ebizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane wobuchopho, ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho)
Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic (uthinta inhliziyo, amalunga, kanye nobuchopho)
Umkhuhlane obomvu ( umkhuhlane onamaqhubu abomvu esikhumbeni)
I-Sepsis ( ukufa kwegazi, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu)
Ukulimala kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yezinkinga?
Kwabantwana abancane
Kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala
Abantu abanezitho zomzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. labo abanezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, i-HIV, noma labo abathatha imithi ecindezela izitho zomzimba)
Kulabo abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona (isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu).
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela uzoxilonga i-URI ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho. Bangase futhi bathathe i-nasal swab noma i-throat culture. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola ukuthi unesifo somkhuhlane, ukutheleleka okuthile njenge-COVID-19, noma unesifo somphimbo esibuhlungu, igciwane elifana ne-strep throat. Uma izimpawu zakho zingembi kakhulu futhi kungekho lutho olutholakala kulezo zivivinyo, kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane elivamile. Abalihloli njalo.
Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu? (Ukwelashwa)
Indlela yokwelapha incike embangela yokutheleleka .
Ama-URI amagciwane: Njengomkhuhlane ovamile, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwama-URI amaningi amagciwane. Okudingekayo nje ukuqeda izimpawu nokunikeza umzimba ukuphumula.
Phuza amanzi amaningi (okungenani amalitha angu-2-3 ngosuku).
Phuza izinto ezifudumele (izinto ezifana ne-coriander, i-fenugreek, itiye le-ginger).
Phumula kahle.
Uma umkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, thatha umuthi onjenge-paracetamol, ongawuthenga ekhemisi.
Uma ikhala lakho ligcwele umoya, zama ukuhogela ngomusi.
Ama-URI ebhaktheriya: Uma unegciwane elibangelwa yibhaktheriya, njenge-strep throat, udokotela uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Thatha ama-antibiotic njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, izinsuku eziqondile, ngesikhathi esiqondile. Ungayeki ukuwathatha ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya abe mabi kakhulu esikhundleni sokuwabulala ngokuphelele, noma kungabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhule ukumelana nemithi.
Yini ongayenza ukuze ululame ngokushesha?
Uma unesifo esibangelwa yigciwane, kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho igciwane seliphelile ngokuphelele emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha cishe isonto noma amabili. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukwenza izinto eziqeda izimpawu zakho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele. Uma uqala ukuthatha ama-antibiotics okutheleleka ngamagciwane, izimpawu zakho zizoqala ukuthuthuka zingakapheli usuku noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uthatha umuthi izinsuku eziphelele ezinqunywe udokotela wakho.
Isikhathi esingakanani lesi sifo sithelelana? (Isikhathi Esithelelana)
Ama-URI egciwane avame ukuthelelana kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungathelelana kusukela ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono kodwa usenezimpawu (njengokukhwehlela nokuthimula), usengasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu. Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, njenge-strep throat, kungathelelana amasonto amaningi uma kungelashwa.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Akudingeki ukuthi ugijimele kudokotela njalo ngenxa yomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela uma:
Uma izimpawu zinzima kakhulu: isibonelo, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba.
Uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili: Umkhuhlane ovamile awuhlali isikhathi eside kangako.
Uma ukugula kwenzeka njalo.
Kulesi simo, kungaba ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ukutheleleka ngefungus, noma enye inkinga yezempilo. Futhi, uma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka noma ezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ze-URI.
Kunini lapho kudingeka uye esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha:
Umkhuhlane ophezulu: (Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius).
Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ukuphefumula okufushane, ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
Ubuhlungu besifuba.
Imisindo engavamile lapho uphefumula: ukuphefumula noma i-stridor.
Isiyezi (vertigo).
Ukuhoxa: Isikhumba esiphakathi kwezimbambo zesifuba sidonsela ngaphakathi ngenkathi siphefumula (lokhu kungabonakala ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane).
Ukudideka noma izinguquko zengqondo: Ukukhuluma ngokunganaki, kubonakala sengathi uphelelwe yingqondo, noma awukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele.
Ungazigwema kanjani lezi zifo? (Ukuvimbela)
Akungcono yini ukuzama ukuvimbela i-"(URI)" ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke kunokuhlushwa yiyo? Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula ongazenza:
Thola imijovo enconywayo: Thola imijovo efana nomjovo womkhuhlane kanye nomjovo we-COVID-19 ngesikhathi.
Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho: ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokuphuma ngaphandle.
Ukugcina izindawo ezithintwa njalo zihlanzekile: Sula izindawo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, kanye nezingcingo ngesibulali-magciwane.
Ungabelani ngokudla, amabhodlela amanzi, noma izinkomishi nabanye.
Uma ugula, gqoka imaski ukuze unciphise ingozi yokusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye. Futhi, hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka uma ugula.
Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, vala umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ingaphakathi lendololwane yakho.
Ingabe yonke i-URI idinga `(Ama-antibiotic)`?
Lokhu kuyiphutha elivamile. Esikhathini esiningi, i-URI ayidingi ama-antibiotic! Ngoba, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ama-URI amaningi abangelwa amagciwane . Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi kumagciwane. Asebenza kumagciwane kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ungagijimeli nje ekhemisi ucele ama-antibiotic uma unomkhuhlane. Ama-antibiotic azonikezwa kuphela uma udokotela ekuhlolile futhi ethola ukuthi kuyigciwane elibangelwa amagciwane (isb., umphimbo obuhlungu).
Okwenzekayo uma sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic ukuthi amabhaktheriya amahle emizimbeni yethu ayafa futhi amabhaktheriya ayingozi amelana nama-antibiotic akhula. Khona-ke, lapho siwadinga ngempela ama-antibiotic, lawo ma-antibiotic angase ayeke ukusebenza. Leso isimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule
Umphimbo obuhlungu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, impumulo egobhozayo... lezi zimpawu ze-`(URI)` ziyacasula ngempela. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izifo eziningi zokuphefumula okuphezulu aziyona ingozi. Iningi lazo libangelwa amagciwane, futhi uma uphuza uketshezi oluningi, ukuphumula, kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa izimpawu, uzolulama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya esontweni elilodwa noma amabili. Uzokwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile maduze. Kodwa-ke, uma unokungabaza ngezimpawu zakho, uma zinzima, noma uma sezihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungumntwana omncane, umuntu osekhulile, noma umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka. Ungakhohlwa, imikhuba elula yokuhlanzeka njengokugeza izandla zakho ingasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni lezi zifo. Hlala uphilile wonke umuntu!
'Ukutheleleka Okuphezulu Kokuphefumula, i-URI, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane ovamile, igciwane, amagciwane, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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