Uma omiyane banda ngesikhathi semvula, sicabanga ngokushesha nge-dengue, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, uma sihambahamba ehlathini, sesaba nama-tick. Uyazi ngempela ukuthi zingaki izifo eziyingozi ezingadluliselwa kithi yizilwane ezincane njengomiyane, ama-tick, kanye nama-fleas? Lezi zilwane ezincane zibangela ukufa kwezigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Namuhla sikhuluma ngezifo ezidluliselwa yizilwane ezinjalo ezithwala izifo.
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Ziyini lezi zifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane?
Kalula nje, i-vector yigciwane elibangela izifo, njengegciwane, amabhaktheriya, noma i-parasite (i-pathogen), elithwalwa lisuka kwesinye isilwane liye kwesinye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Laba bavector baqala ngokuthatha igciwane emizimbeni yabo lapho bemunca igazi lesilwane noma umuntu onegciwane. Bese kuthi, lapho i-vector iluma umuntu ophilile, bafake igciwane kulowo muntu.
Cabanga ngomiyane. Uma umiyane uluma umuntu one-dengue, cishe uyokuluma nawe. Izifo ezidluliselwa ngale ndlela zibizwa ngokuthi ' Izifo Ezithwalwa Yizilokazane'.
Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ezweni lethu yilezi:
- UDengue
- Umalaleveva
- I-Chikungunya
- I-Encephalitis yaseJapan ( umkhuhlane wobuchopho )
- I-Typhus
Lezi zifo zibulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-700,000 emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Lezi zifo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, njengasemazweni afana neSri Lanka.
Yiziphi izimbangela zalesi sifo?
Imbangela enkulu yokudluliswa kwalezi zifo ukulunywa kwezilwane ezithelelekile njengomiyane, amakhizane, izimpukane, kanye nezimpukane zesihlabathi. Njengoba iningi lalezi zilwane liyizimunca igazi, yilapho lesi sifo sidluliselwa khona.
Ezinye izinto eziningana zithinta ukusabalala kwalezi zifo.
- Indawo: Izindawo lapho amanzi eqoqana khona (amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, amathayi, izimbiza zezimbali), kanye notshani obude yizindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalela kwalezi zinambuzane.
- Ubuningi babantu kanye nokufudukela emadolobheni: Uma abantu abaningi behlala ndawonye futhi amadolobha akhiwa ngaphandle kokuhlela, indawo lapho lezi zidalwa zikhula khona iyanda.
Ethebuleni elingezansi, ungabona ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ezweni lethu nasemhlabeni, kanye nezimbangela zazo.Mayelana namagciwane kanye nezifo eziwasabalalisa.
| Isifo | Igciwane elibangela izifo | Ivektha |
|---|---|---|
| I-Dengue, i-Chikungunya, i-Zika | Igciwane | Umiyane we-Aedes |
| Umalaleveva | I-Parasite | Umiyane wesifazane we-Anopheles |
| I-Encephalitis yaseJapan | Igciwane | Umiyane we-Culex |
| I-Typhus | Ibhaktheriya ) | Izintwala ) |
| Ubhubhane | Ibhaktheriya ) | Izinambuzane – (kusukela emagundwini kuya kubantu) |
| Isifo seLyme | Ibhaktheriya ) | Amakhikhi |
Yiziphi izimpawu zezifo ezivame kakhulu?
Izimpawu zalesi sifo ngasinye zihlukile. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi amagciwane abangela lesi sifo ahlukile. Ake sibheke izimpawu zezifo eziningana ezivame kakhulu.
Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, sicela ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuqagela. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo.
| Isifo | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| I-Chikungunya | Ukuqala komkhuhlane ngokuzumayo, ubuhlungu bamalunga obungabekezeleleki, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. Ubuhlungu bamalunga bungahlala amasonto. |
| UDengue | Ukuqala ngokuzumayo komkhuhlane ophezulu (mhlawumbe u-40°C), ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ubuhlungu ngaphansi kwamehlo, ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, izindlala ezivuvukele kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba okubomvu. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziyingozi njengobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, ukopha kwezinsini, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha. |
| Umalaleveva | Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukujuluka okukhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, izinhlungu zomzimba, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nobuhlungu besifuba. Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka, i-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye nokumhlophe kwamehlo) kanye ne-coma kungase kwenzeke. |
| I-Encephalitis yaseJapan | Abantu abadala bangase baqale babe nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokuhlanza. Izimpawu zemizwa, okuhlanganisa ubuthakathaka kanye nobunzima bokunyakaza, zingavela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Izingane ezincane zingase zibe nokuxhuzula. Phakathi kuka-20% no-30% wabantu abanesifo sobuchopho bayafa. |
Izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokuvimbela lezi zifo
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwalezi zifo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo.
- Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane:Akukho muthi obulala ngqo igciwane ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane afana ne-dengue ne-chikungunya. Lapha, odokotela balawula izimpawu kuphela. Isibonelo, banikeza umuthi wokunciphisa umkhuhlane nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele nokuphuza uketshezi (amanzi, ujusi, iphalishi).
- Izifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane kanye namagciwane: Ezifweni ezibangelwa yizinambuzane, njengomalaleveva, kunemithi ebulala noma evimbela ukukhula kwezinambuzane (isb. i-quinone). Ezifweni ezibangelwa yizinambuzane, njenge-typhus, kunikezwa ama-antibiotic (isb. i-doxycycline).
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kufanele usebenzise noma yimuphi wale mithi kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ukuthatha imithi ngokwakho kuzokwenza ukugula kube kubi kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela
Isisho esithi "Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha" siyiqiniso ngokuphelele kulezi zifo. Ake sibone ukuthi yini esingayenza ukuze sihlale siphephile kulezi zifo.
- Gcina indawo ihlanzekile: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lahla noma yimaphi amanzi amile eduze kwekhaya lakho. Lahla amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, amathayi amadala, izinkomishi zeyogathi, ngisho namanzi asezitsheni zezimbali. Lezi yizindawo zokuzalela omiyane.
- Goma: Kunemithi yokugoma etholakalayo yokuvikela ezifweni ezifana ne-Japanese encephalitis. Ungathola okwengeziwe ngalokhu ehhovisi lomnyango wezempilo lendawo.
- Ukumboza: Gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho kahle lapho uphuma, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukulunywa omiyane.
- Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane: Faka into yokuxosha omiyane ezindaweni eziveziwe zesikhumba sakho.
- Qaphela lapho uhamba: Ngaphambi kokuhamba ibanga elide, hlola ukuthi lezi zifo zivamile yini endaweni. Uma kudingeka, bona udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhamba bese ucela iseluleko.
- Zivikele ezinkingeni: Uma uhamba ehlathini noma endaweni enotshani, hlola umzimba wakho ukuthi awunazo yini izinkingeni. Uma ubona inkingeni, ungayikhiphi ngezandla zakho. Sebenzisa ama-tweezers ukuze uyisuse ngokucophelela bese uhlanza indawo kahle ngesibulali-magciwane.
- Ukuhlanzeka kokudla: Yidla njalo ukudla okuhlanzekile nokuphekiwe kahle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane yizifo ezidluliselwa yizilwane ezivamile, njengomiyane namakhizane, kodwa zingaba yingozi kakhulu.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulezi zifo ukuvimbela. Kubalulekile ukugcina ikhaya lakho nendawo ezungezile ihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwezindawo lapho amanzi anganqwabelana khona.
- Kubalulekile ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela nokusebenzisa imithi yokubulala omiyane ukuze uzivikele wena nomndeni wakho ekulunyweni yizinambuzane ezifana nomiyane kanye namakhizane.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ubuhlungu bomzimba namalunga, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ungalibali bese ubona udokotela oqeqeshiwe ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi uzame ukuzelapha ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha. Kungakufaka engozini enkulu nakakhulu.
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