Uma ubukela i-teledrama noma ifilimu ephathelene nophenyo lobugebengu ku-TV, kumelwe ukuthi uke wezwa izingxoxo ezinjengokuthi "Uma kufika umbiko we-DNA kuphela lapho singasho khona ukuthi ngubani isigebengu," akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona ephephandabeni ukuthi isidumbu satholakala eminyakeni eminingi kamuva ngokuhlolwa kwe-DNA. Kuyini ngempela ukuthwebula iminwe kwe-DNA okukhulunywa ngakho yiwo wonke umuntu? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalobu buchwepheshe obumangalisayo obungakhomba umuntu njengomunwe, kodwa ngokunemba okukhulu nokunemba.
'Imephu yezakhi zofuzo' emizimbeni yethu
Kalula nje, i-DNA iyiqoqo lemiyalelo emincane etholakala ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye emzimbeni wethu. Njengomdwebo wokwakha indlu, lonke ulwazi umzimba wethu oludingayo ukuze ukhule, uthuthuke, futhi usebenze kahle usuku nosuku lubhalwe kule DNA njengekhodi. Igama eliphelele le-DNA yi- deoxyribonucleic acid .
Lolu chungechunge lwe-DNA lwakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezine zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali. Sibiza lezi ngokuthi 'izisekelo'. Lezi zihlangana zibe zimbili ukuze zakhe 'izisekelo ezimbili'. Ungacabanga, kunezimbili ezicishe zibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zalezi zimbili engqamuzaneni elilodwa emzimbeni wethu! Indlela lezi zihlanganiswe ngayo itshela amangqamuzana ethu ukuthi angawakha kanjani amangqamuzana amasha, afanayo.
Leli sethi eliphelele le-DNA emzimbeni wethu libizwa ngokuthi 'i -genome ' . Nansi into emangalisayo. Wonke umuntu emhlabeni une-99.9% ye-genome yakhe efanayo. Yebo, i-DNA yakho neyomuntu ongamazi zifana ngo-99.9%. Kodwa lowo mehluko omncane ongu-0.1% yiwona owenza mina nawe sihluke ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Akukhona nje kuphela umbala wesikhumba sethu, ukuthungwa kwezinwele, ukuphakama, kodwa futhi nokuthambekela kwethu ezifweni ezithile kunqunywa yilo mehluko omncane.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula iminwe ye-DNA busebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuhlukanisa le micu ye-DNA nokuhlonza izingxenye ezihlukile kuwe, ezihlukile ngo-0.1%. Umphumela wokugcina uyiphethini enemigqa. Leli phethini lingaqhathaniswa nephethini etholwe kwenye isampula ye-DNA.
Ngakho-ke uthola kanjani i-DNA fingerprint?
Lokhu akuyinkimbinkimbi noma akukwesabisi njengoba ungase ucabange. Lokhu kuhlolwa kudinga ukuthatha isampula yamaseli emzimbeni wakho.
- Ngaphakathi komlomo: Ungasebenzisa i-swab ukuklwebha ingaphakathi lomlomo kusukela ohlangothini lwesihlathi.
- Isikhumba: Isikhumba esincane kakhulu.
- Kusukela ezinweleni: impande yomuthi wezinwele.
- Uketshezi lomzimba: Oluvela ematheni, ekujulukeni, noma kolunye uketshezi lomzimba.
Kodwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zindlelaIndlela elula nesetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthatha isampula yegazi.
Okwenzekayo elabhorethri nje yilokhu:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-DNA: Amakhemikhali ayengezwa kusampula ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-DNA namaseli akuyo.
2. Ukusikwa kwe-DNA: Okulandelayo, enye inqubo yamakhemikhali ihlukanisa la maketanga amade e-DNA abe amaphethini aphindaphindayo esiwadingayo. Lezi yizingxenye ezihluka kumuntu nomuntu.
3. Ukwenza amakhophi: Manje lezi zingcezu ezincane ze-DNA zikopishwa izikhathi eziyizigidi, okusho ukuthi zenziwa amakhophi amaningi, okwandisa usayizi. Bese kuba lula ukuzihlola.
4. Ukuqashelwa Kwephethini: Okulandelayo, lezi zingcezu ze-DNA zifakwa endaweni efana nejeli bese kudluliswa ugesi kuyo. Izingcezu ze-DNA bese zihlukana zibe yizingcezu ezinkulu nezincane ngokusekelwe kusayizi wazo bese zihamba ngejeli. Bese kuthi, lapho kufakwa udayi okhethekile, lezi zingcezu ze-DNA ezihlukanisiwe zikhanye ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet noma umsebe we-laser.
Ekugcineni, sithola iphethini yemigqa, njengebhakhodi kumkhiqizo wesitolo esikhulu. Leli phethini 'liyi-DNA fingerprint' yakho ehlukile. Lokhu kungafaniswa nephethini evela kusampula yomunye umuntu ngokunemba okungu-100%.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zangempela zokuthatha iminwe ye-DNA?
Kusukela ngosuku lokutholwa kwalobu buchwepheshe ngo-1984, izinzuzo zabo ziye zanda ngayinye ngayinye. Izinzuzo zabo zingahlukaniswa kakhulu zibe izingxenye ezimbili.
| Insimu | Ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| Ezomthetho kanye nokuhlolwa kwezehlakalo zobugebengu | |
| Uphenyo lobugebengu | Qondanisa ubufakazi, njengomucu wezinwele noma ibala legazi, elitholakale endaweni yobugebengu nomsolwa noma uqinisekise ukuthi umsolwa ungumuntu ofanele. |
| Ukufuna izihlobo | Qinisekisa ngokunembile ukuthi bangobani abazali bengane (ukuhlolwa kobaba), izingane zakubo, kanye nezinye izihlobo zegazi. |
| Ukuhlonza abantu | Qinisekisa ukuthi zingobani izidumbu ezishone engozini noma enhlekeleleni yemvelo futhi ezingasabonakali. |
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha | |
| Ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba | Hlola ukuthi izicubu zomnikeli ziyahambisana yini nezicubu zesiguli esidinga isitho. |
| Ukuhlonza izifo ezizuzwe njengefa | Thola kusenesikhathi ukuthi unazo yini, noma usengozini yokuthola izifo ezidluliselwa ngofuzo . |
| Ukuthola ukwelashwa kwezifo | Ucwaningo lusiza ekuboneni izinguquko zofuzo ezibangela lezi zifo ezizuzwe njengefa futhi kutholakale izindlela zokwelapha ezingazelapha. |
Kungenzeka yini ukwazi ngezifo zomndeni kusenesikhathi?
Yebo, lokhu kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-DNA kwezokwelapha. Kunezinye izifo ezidluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (umdlavuza webele, wesibeletho, wamathumbu amakhulu), izifo zenhliziyo, kanye nezifo ezifana ne -Thalassemia , okuyinto evamile ezweni lethu.
Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo esifanayo, ungathola ngokuhlolwa kwe-DNA ukuthi unesifo esibangelwa yizakhi zofuzo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi uzosithola nakanjani lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi usengozini kukunika ithuba elihle lokuzivikela kulesi sifo noma ukusithola kusenesikhathi ngokwenza izinguquko zokuphila okunempilo nokuthola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo ngesikhathi. Uma unenkinga ngalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma uchwepheshe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuthwebula iminwe ye-DNA kuyindlela yokuhlola izakhi zofuzo enembile kakhulu engakwazi ukubona umuntu. Wonke umuntu unephethini ye-DNA ehlukile.
- Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke ngezinjongo zomthetho njengokuphenya ngobugebengu kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobaba .
- Lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu nasezinhlosweni zezokwelapha njengokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba, ukuhlonza izimo zofuzo, kanye nokuthola ukwelashwa kwazo.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasebenzisa noma yiliphi isampula yeseli emzimbeni, njengamathe, igazi, noma i-follicle yezinwele.
- Uma ufuna ukwazi ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho noma izingozi zofuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uthola iseluleko esifanele.
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