Kodi tikambirane za matenda a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Tangoganizani kuti mwakumana ndi vuto loopsa lomwe simunakumanepo nalo kale. Likhoza kukhala ngozi yaikulu yagalimoto, tsoka lachilengedwe, kapena imfa yadzidzidzi ya wokondedwa. Pambuyo pa chochitikachi, mungamve kutopa, kuda nkhawa, komanso kutopa. Nthawi zina mungakumbukire chochitikachi mobwerezabwereza, ngati kuti chikuchitikanso. Ichi ndi chomwe tikambirana lero, chotchedwa Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chingakhudze anthu ambiri, kotero ndikofunikira kudziwa za icho.

Kodi vuto la PTSD ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, PTSD ndi matenda amisala omwe anthu ena amakumana nawo atakumana ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Chochitikachi chikhoza kukhala choopsa pa moyo wanu, kapena chikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pa thanzi lanu lakuthupi ndi la maganizo. PTSD ingakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse, kuyambira ana aang'ono mpaka akuluakulu.

Munthu amene ali ndi PTSD amakumana ndi maganizo ndi malingaliro ovutitsa okhudzana ndi chochitika choopsacho. Izi zitha kupitirira nthawi yayitali chochitikacho chitachitika. PTSD ingayambitse zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika maganizo monga:

• Kumva nkhawa nthawi zonse ( nkhawa ), chisoni ( kuvutika maganizo ), kapena kudzimva wolakwa kapena wamanyazi .
• Kumva ngati chochitikachi chikuchitikanso (kubwerera m'mbuyo) kapena kukhala ndi maloto oipa okhudza icho.
• Kupewa malo, zinthu, ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chochitika chimenecho.

Zizindikiro zimenezi zingayambitse nkhawa zambiri ndipo zingasokoneze luso lanu lochita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku .

Kodi chochitika choopsa ndi chiyani?

Kuvulala , kapena chochitika choopsa, ndi chilichonse chomwe chingakuwopsezeni kwambiri kuti mupulumuke kapena kuti mukhale otetezeka. Sikuyenera kukhala chochitika chimodzi (monga ngozi ya galimoto kamodzi kokha). Chingakhalenso kuvulala kwa nthawi yayitali . Ganizirani zinthu monga kukhala mu nthawi ya nkhondo kapena kukumana ndi nkhanza zapakhomo.

Ndipo, kuvulala kumeneku sikuyenera kukuchitikirani mwachindunji. Mwina mwawonapo chochitika choopsa ndi maso anu. Kapena, mutha kukhala ndi PTSD mutamva kuti china chake choipa chachitikira munthu wapafupi nanu.

Nazi zitsanzo za zochitika zoopsa:

• Ngozi zoopsa (monga ngozi yaikulu ya galimoto).
• Kuvulala kwambiri kapena matenda oopsa mwadzidzidzi.
• Nkhondondi mikangano yankhondo (anthu m'dziko lathu alinso ndi chidziwitso ndi izi).
• Masoka achilengedwe (monga tsunami, zivomezi, kusefukira kwa madzi , moto wolusa).
• Kuzunzidwa mwakuthupi.
• Kunyoza (kudzudzula nthawi zonse, kuopseza).
• Kugwiriridwa kapena kuzunzidwa pogonana.
• Kuzunza ana kusukulu kapena kuntchito.
• Imfa yadzidzidzi ya wokondedwa.

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya PTSD?

Inde, palinso matenda ena awiri ofanana kwambiri ndi PTSD.

• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Kwambiri: Uwu ndi matenda amisala a kanthawi kochepa omwe angachitike mkati mwa mwezi woyamba pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozo zimatenga nthawi yoposa milungu inayi, zitha kukhala PTSD.
• PTSD Yovuta (CPTSD): Vutoli limachitika mukakumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, kuzunzidwa mobwerezabwereza kapena kugonana muli mwana, nkhanza zapakhomo kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena nkhondo. Anthu omwe ali ndi CPTSD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu okhudza kulamulira malingaliro , kuganizira za iwo okha, komanso kugwirizana ndi ena, kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro za PTSD.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

PTSD ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Pakati pa 5% ndi 10% ya anthu omwe akumana ndi zoopsa amadwala PTSD. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizichitika kwa aliyense, koma zimakhudza anthu ambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za PTSD ndi ziti?

Kuti dokotala adziwe matenda a PTSD, zizindikiro zake ziyenera kukhalapo kwa nthawi yoposa mwezi umodzi. Komanso, zizindikirozo ziyenera kukupangitsani kuvutika maganizo kwambiri kapena kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito anu a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zizindikiro za PTSD zingagawidwe m'magulu anayi akuluakulu:

1. Maganizo ndi zochitika zosokoneza (Zizindikiro za Kusokoneza)

Izi zikutanthauza kuti chochitika choopsachi chikubwerera m'maganizo mwanu mobwerezabwereza.

• Kukumbukira kosalekeza komanso kosalamulirika kwa chochitikacho. Zili ngati kuonera zochitika za nthawi imeneyo mobwerezabwereza ngati filimu.
• Kukhala ndi maloto owopsa, makamaka maloto okhudzana ndi chochitikacho.
• Kukumbukira zinthu zakale ndi pamene mukumva ngati chochitikacho chikuchitikanso. Izi n'zoonekeratu bwino, mungamve ngati muli pomwepo panthawiyo. Nthawi zina mungamve fungo lake, kapena kulimva.

2. Zizindikiro Zopewera

Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyesetsa kukhala kutali ndi chilichonse chomwe chingakukumbutseni za chochitika choopsa chimenecho.

• Kupewa anthu, malo, zochitika, zinthu, ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chochitikacho. Mwachitsanzo, mungapewe kuyenda mumsewu womwe ngoziyo inachitikira.
• Ndimapewa kuganizira za chochitika chimenecho n’kuchikumbukira.
• Mumapewa kuuza ena za zomwe zachitika kapena momwe mukumvera nazo.

3. Kusintha kwa Maganizo ndi Maganizo

Izi zingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu pa momwe mumaonera dziko lapansi, momwe mumaganizira za inu nokha, komanso momwe mumamvera.

• Mantha osalekeza, mantha, mkwiyo, kudzimva wolakwa , kapena manyazi.
• Mbali zofunika kwambiri za chochitika choopsa chimenecho zikuiwalika.
• Maganizo ndi malingaliro olakwika komanso olakwika okhudza inuyo kapena ena. Mungaganize zinthu monga, "Ndalakwitsa," "Palibe amene angadaliridwe."
• Kusaganizira bwino chifukwa kapena zotsatira za chochitika ndi kudziimba mlandu kapena kudziimba mlandu kwa ena.
• Kumva kuti ndili ndekha komanso ndili ndekha ndi ena.
• Zinthu zomwe zinkabweretsa chisangalalo sizibweretsanso chisangalalo.
• Kulephera kumva malingaliro abwino. Zikuoneka kuti simungathe kumva zinthu monga chimwemwe ndi chikondi.

4. Kusintha kwa Chikoka ndi Kubwerezabwereza

Mu izi, thupi lanu limakhala "losamala" nthawi zonse, likuchitapo kanthu ngakhale pazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri.

• Kukwiya msanga komanso kukwiya msanga.
• Kuchita zinthu mosasamala komanso m'njira yodzivulaza (monga kuyendetsa galimoto mothamanga kwambiri, kumwa mowa kwambiri).
• Kukhala maso kwambiri ndi zomwe zikukuzungulira (Kusamala kwambiri). Kuopa zoopsa nthawi zonse.
• Phokoso laling'ono kwambiri limakupangitsani kulumpha.
• Kuvuta kuyang'ana kwambiri kapena kusagona mokwanira.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ana aang’ono akayamba kukhala ndi PTSD?

Ana aang'ono akayamba kudwala PTSD, angavutike kufotokoza bwino zomwe akumva. Kapena mwina adakumana ndi vuto lomwe simukulidziwa. Angakhale osakhazikika, osakhazikika, kapena amavutika kumvetsera kapena kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo.

Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zina zingasokonezedwe ndi za matenda otchedwa Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Chifukwa chake, ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi katswiri (monga dokotala wa matenda amisala a ana) yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chozindikira PTSD.

Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe PTSD ingayambitse?

Anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokumana ndi izi, ndipo amatha kuipitsa zizindikiro za PTSD:

• Matenda a maganizo - mwachitsanzo kuvutika maganizo.
• Matenda a nkhawa.
• Ngakhale matenda monga matenda okhudzana ndi mitsempha, monga matenda a dementia.
• Matenda a kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo / Matenda a kugwiritsa ntchito mowa.

Chofunika kwambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu choganiza zodzipha komanso kuyesa kudzipha.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuvutika maganizo, chonde musakhale nokha. Lankhulani ndi munthu amene mumamukhulupirira nthawi yomweyo, pitani kwa dokotala, kapena imbani foni yothandizira anthu odwala matenda amisala monga 1926 (Sumatiri) ku Sri Lanka. Musaope kupempha thandizo, simuli nokha.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa PTSD?

Ndipotu, pakati pa 61% ndi 80% ya anthu adzakumana ndi zoopsa nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Komabe, si onse omwe adzadwala PTSD. Pa gululi, pakati pa 5% ndi 10% adzadwala PTSD.

Sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala PTSD ndipo ena sadwala, ngakhale atakumana ndi vuto lomweli. Komabe, kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD ali ndi kuchuluka kosazolowereka kwa ma neurotransmitters ndi mahomoni ena . Akhozanso kusintha momwe ubongo wawo umagwirira ntchito .

Kusintha kwa Ma Neurotransmitters ndi Ma Hormone

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD, ngakhale kuti akuvutika maganizo nthawi zonse, akhoza kukhala ndi hormone yodziwika bwino kapena yotsika yotchedwa `(Cortisol)` (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "stress hormone"). Alinso ndi `(Corticotropin-Releasing Factor - CRF) yochuluka. `(CRF)` iyi imalimbikitsa kutulutsa mankhwala otchedwa `(Norepinephrine). `(Norepinephrine)` iyi imayambitsa kuyankha kwa thupi lathu `(nkhondo kapena kuthawa). Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa izi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kokwera.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa tcheru ndi kukwiya msanga.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a ma neurotransmitter ena kwawonetsedwa, mwachitsanzo:

• Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• Glutamate
• Serotonin

Zonsezi zili ngati amithenga ang'onoang'ono muubongo mwathu, ndipo mavuto ngati awa amayamba ntchito yawo ikapanda kuchitidwa bwino.

Kusintha kwa ubongo

PTSD imagwirizana ndi kusintha kwina kwa ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka ubongo wanu:

• Kukula kwa gawo la ubongo wanu lotchedwa ``Hippocampus'' kumachepa. ``Hippocampus'' iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limalamulira zomwe timachita, momwe timamvera, kuphunzira, ndi kukumbukira.
• Matenda a amygdala (omwe amalamulira malingaliro athu ndi mayankho a mantha) amachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakhala ndi mantha kwambiri komanso nkhawa ngakhale ndi zinthu zazing'ono.
• Gawo lotchedwa Medial Prefrontal Cortex (lomwe limathandiza kulamulira malingaliro mu Amygdala) lapezekanso kuti ndi laling'ono komanso losayankha bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD.

Ngakhale izi zingawoneke zovuta pang'ono, chowonadi ndichakuti PTSD si chinthu chomwe chili m'maganizo okha, komanso chimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi kapangidwe ka ubongo wathu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga PTSD?

N'zosatheka kunena motsimikiza amene adzadwala PTSD pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa, koma anthu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala PTSD:

• Makamaka omwe adakumana ndi zoopsa zina (monga kumenyana kwambiri panthawi ya usilikali, kugwiriridwa).
• Anthu omwe adakumana ndi zoopsa ali ana.
• Anthu omwe anavulala pa ngoziyi.
• Anthu omwe adakumana ndi mantha aakulu, kusowa chochita, kapena mantha panthawi ya ngoziyi.
• Anthu omwe sanalandire chithandizo chokwanira kuchokera kwa anthu, abale, ndi abwenzi pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa.
• Anthu amene akhala akuvutika maganizo kwa nthawi yaitali kapena mobwerezabwereza .
• Anthu omwe ali kale ndi mavuto ena amisala komanso/kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo .

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi PTSD?

Palibe mayeso enieni odziwira PTSD. M'malo mwake, dokotala adzazindikira vutoli atakufunsani za:

• Zizindikiro zanu.
• Mbiri yanu yachipatala.
• Mbiri yanu ya thanzi la maganizo.
• Ponena za zochitika zoopsa zomwe mudakumana nazo.

Zingakuvuteni kulankhula za vutoli. Pazochitika zotere, mungafune kubweretsa munthu wodalirika (wa m'banja lanu, mnzanu) kwa dokotala. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala omasuka komanso zingakuthandizeni kufotokoza zizindikiro zanu ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe lanu.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zili mu American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri ndi DSM-5-TR. Kuti mupezeke ndi PTSD, muyenera kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi kwa mwezi umodzi :

• Ganizo limodzi losachepera kapena chochitika chimodzi chosokoneza (chizindikiro cha kulowerera).
• Chizindikiro chimodzi chopewera.
• Kusintha kwa maganizo ndi maganizo osachepera kawiri.
• Kusintha kocheperako kawiri kosokoneza thupi ndi malingaliro.

Dokotala wanu angachite mayeso akuthupi ndikuyesa magazi kuti aone ngati pali chifukwa china chakuthupi cha zizindikiro zina zomwe muli nazo.

Kodi njira zochiritsira PTSD ndi ziti?

Chithandizo chachikulu cha PTSD ndi psychotherapy kapena talking therapy. Makamaka, mtundu wa chithandizo chotchedwa Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) ndi wothandiza kwambiri.

Chithandizochi chimaperekedwa ndi mlangizi wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso wovomerezeka pankhani ya thanzi la maganizo.Ameneyo akhoza kukhala dokotala wa matenda amisala kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo. Amapereka chithandizo, maphunziro, ndi chitsogozo kwa inu ndi banja lanu, kuti akuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndikukweza thanzi lanu la maganizo.

Pali njira zingapo zochizira matenda a PTSD zomwe zimadziwika kuti CBT:

• Chithandizo cha Kukonza Maganizo: Ichi ndi chithandizo chomwe chimapangidwira makamaka PTSD. Chimayang'ana kwambiri kusintha malingaliro oipa (monga manyazi ndi kudzimva wolakwa) ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zoopsa. Chimathandizanso kuthana ndi zokumbukira ndi malingaliro ovutitsa.
• Chithandizo cha Kuchepetsa Kusuntha kwa Maso ndi Kukonzanso (EMDR): Mu njira iyi, mumasuntha maso anu mwanjira inayake pamene mukukonza zokumbukira zoopsa. Cholinga cha EMDR ndikukuthandizani kuchira ku zoopsa kapena zokumana nazo zina zopsinjika m'moyo. Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena, EMDR ndi njira yatsopano. Komabe, mayesero angapo azachipatala awonetsa kuti ndi yothandiza ndipo ingathandize anthu kuchira mwachangu kuposa njira zina.
• Chithandizo cha Magulu: Izi zimaphatikizapo anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi zovuta zofanana akubwera pamodzi kuti agawane zomwe adakumana nazo komanso momwe akumvera m'malo omasuka komanso osaweruza. Popeza mavuto a PTSD angakhudze banja lonse, chithandizo cha mabanja chingathandizenso.
• Chithandizo Chokhalitsa: Mu chithandizochi, mumawona zithunzi mobwerezabwereza komanso mwatsatanetsatane za kuvulala kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu mwanjira yotetezeka komanso yowongoleredwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuthana ndi mantha anu, kuwalamulira, ndikuphunzira kukhala nawo.
• Chithandizo chamaganizo chokhudzana ndi zoopsa (CBT): Chithandizochi chimakuthandizani kudziwa momwe thupi lanu limayankhira ku zoopsa ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Chimakuthandizaninso kuzindikira ndikusintha njira zoganizira zovuta ndikuphunzira luso lothana ndi zizindikiro zanu. Chimaphatikizaponso chithandizo chokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa ndi ngozi.

Mankhwala a PTSD

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala omwe avomerezedwa mwachindunji ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a PTSD. Komabe, madokotala angapereke mankhwala ena kuti athandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina za PTSD. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo - monga Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) kapena Serotonin ndi Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
• Mankhwala oletsa nkhawa.

Dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala awa kapena ayi, komanso zomwe angagwiritse ntchito. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala awa popanda upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi PTSD ingachiritsidwe? Kodi tsogolo ndi lotani?

Kuyezetsa matenda a PTSD kungasiyane malinga ndi munthu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chingakuthandizeni kuchira. Ndi chithandizo, pafupifupi 30% ya anthu amachira kwathunthu. Ena 40% amatha bwino kwambiri ndi chithandizo, koma zizindikiro zina zochepa zimatha kukhalabe. Kwa anthu ena, ndi chithandizo cha okondedwa awo, zizindikiro za PTSD zimatha pakapita nthawi, ngakhale popanda chithandizo cha akatswiri.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha thandizo ndikupeza chithandizo. Pamenepo mwayi wochira umakhala waukulu kwambiri.

Kodi PTSD ingapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, sitingathe nthawi zonse kuletsa chochitika choopsa kuchitika. Komabe, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pali njira zina zomwe mungachite pambuyo pa chochitikacho kuti muteteze kufalikira kwa PTSD. Izi zimatchedwa "zinthu zoteteza." Nazi zina mwa izo:

• Kufunafuna thandizo kwa ena (monga abwenzi ndi abale) pambuyo pa chochitikachi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chitetezo.
• Kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa ndi njira yabwino yolankhulirana ndi anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi zomwezo ngati inu.
• Kuphunzira kuganiza bwino za momwe munachitira ngozi.
• Kuchita njira zabwino zothanirana ndi vuto la kupsinjika maganizo (monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita zinthu zomwe zimatonthoza maganizo, m'malo moyesa kuiwala mavuto okhudzana ndi mowa).
• Kukhala wokhoza kuchitapo kanthu ndi kuyankha bwino, ngakhale mutakhala ndi mantha.
• Kuthandiza ena, makamaka ngati ndi chochitika choopsa chomwe chimakhudza anthu angapo, monga tsoka lachilengedwe.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala wanu ndi/kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo nthawi zonse mukakumana ndi zoopsa. Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikukulirakulira, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Musachite manyazi kapena mantha. Izi si vuto lanu.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa liti?

Ngati mukuganiza zodzipha kapena kudzivulaza , izi ndi nkhani yaikulu kwambiri. Ngati zili choncho, chonde pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo, kapena imbani foni yothandizira anthu odwala matenda amisala monga 1926 (Sumatiri).

Kufunafuna thandizo la akatswiri pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa kungakhale kovuta kuchita. Koma kumbukirani, PTSD ndi matenda ochiritsika. Pakapita nthawi, mukalandira chithandizo, mudzayamba kumva bwino. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zina zochiritsira. Kumbukirani, nthawi zonse amakhalapo kuti akuthandizeni ndikukuthandizani.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi nkhawa pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa. Komabe, ngati mavuto amenewo akupitirira ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a tsiku ndi tsiku, akhoza kukhala PTSD.

• Simuli nokha: PTSD ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza anthu ambiri.
• Si vuto lanu: palibe amene amadwala PTSD mwakufuna kwake.
• Pali chithandizo: Pali mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni kuchira.
• Musaope kulankhula: lankhulani za momwe mukumvera ndi munthu amene mumamukhulupirira, monga dokotala.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi izi, chonde funani thandizo. Thanzi lanu la maganizo ndi lofunika monga momwe thanzi lanu lakuthupi limafunikira.

PTSD , Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Pambuyo pa Zoopsa, Kukhumudwa, Kuvulala Kwambiri, Thanzi Lamaganizo, Kupsinjika Maganizo, Chithandizo