Ngaba umntwana wakho akaphumli? Ngaba uyabaleka, atsibe, aze abe nexesha elinzima lokugxila kumsebenzi othile? Okanye ucinga kakhulu ngezinto aze enze izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo? Ngamanye amaxesha, njengabazali, sicinga ngale ndlela yokuziphatha njengokuziphatha kakubi okanye umkhwa ombi. Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Kusenokuba kukho imeko yezonyango emva koku, njenge-ADHD okanye i-OCD. Ekubeni ezi zinto zimbini zihlala zidibana, siza kuthetha ngaloo nto namhlanje.
Yintoni i-ADHD kunye ne-OCD?
Ngamafutshane, zombini ezi ziimeko ezichaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo yabantwana kunye nokusebenza kwabo.
I-ADHD (Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuqwalasela Izinto Ezininzi)
Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ixhaphake kancinci phakathi kwamakhwenkwe. Umntwana one-ADHD unobunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo, ukuhlala phantsi, nokulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo (ukuzibamba). Idla ngokuqatshelwa ebuntwaneni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha le meko iyaqhubeka de abe ngumntu omdala.
Nangona abantwana abaninzi abancinci benobundlongondlongo, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinzima kakhulu kwaye zihlala zikho kubantwana abane -ADHD . Oku kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumsebenzi wesikolo, umdlalo, kunye nemisebenzi yasekhaya.
I-OCD (Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Ngokugqithisileyo)
Kulapho umntwana enengcinga okanye uloyiko olungalawulekiyo noluphindaphindayo (silubiza ngokuba zii-obsessions). Ukuze anciphise uxinzelelo olubangelwa zezi ngcinga, uyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezithile (silubiza ngokuba zii-compulsions).
Khawucinge ngomntwana onoloyiko olukhulu lweentsholongwane. Ngenxa yolo loyiko (ukuzingisa), bahlamba izandla zabo rhoqo (ukunyanzelisa). Ngale ndlela, bazenzela imithetho yabo, amasiko, njl. Ukuba ubaxelela ukuba bangazenzi ezi zinto, uxinzelelo lwabo lwengqondo lunokwanda nangakumbi.
Kutheni le nto ezi meko zimbini zifana?
Isizathu esiphambili sokubhidanisa ezi meko zimbini kukufana kwazo.
Umsebenzi wobuchopho kunye nejini
Zombini i-ADHD kunye ne-OCD zichaphazela i-frontal lobe yengqondo yethu, inxalenye engasemva kwebunzi. Le yinxalenye enceda umntwana ukuba ahlele, acwangcise, agxile, enze izigqibo, kwaye alawule iimvakalelo ezingxamisekileyo.
Kwaye zombini ezi meko zinokudluliselwa ngokwemfuza, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umntu omdala one-ADHD unethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuyidlulisela kumntwana wakhe. Kunjalo nakwi-OCD.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zazo zombini
Kuzo zombini ezi meko, kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezifanayo ezichaphazela ubomi bomntwana bemihla ngemihla.
| Uphawu oluqhelekileyo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zokuqwalasela nokugxila | Ukungakhathali luphawu oluphambili lwe-ADHD. Kwi-OCD, iingcinga nezenzo ezingafunekiyo zithatha ixesha namandla ukugxila kwizinto ezifana nomsebenzi wesikolo. |
| Iingxaki kubudlelwane boluntu | Umntwana one-ADHD unokuba nobunzima bokufumana abahlobo nokugcina ubudlelwane ngenxa yokulibala, ukungabi namdla, kunye nokungazinzi. Kwi-OCD, iindlela zokuziphatha eziqinileyo zomntwana kunye nemikhwa yakhe inokuba yingxaki kusapho nakubahlobo. |
| Iingxaki zokulala | Abantwana abanezi meko zombini badla ngokuba nengxaki yokulala. Abantwana abane-ADHD abadlamkileyo kakhulu banokuba nengxaki yokulala nokulala ebusuku. Kwi-OCD, uxinzelelo lunokubangela iingxaki zokulala. |
Ngoko ke zeziphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini?
Nangona zifana, ezi meko zimbini zahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Enyanisweni, zide zivelise iimpendulo ezichaseneyo.
I-ADHD "yingxaki yokuziqhelanisa." Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana ubonakalisa iimvakalelo zakhe ngokuziphatha okufana nokungazinzi kunye nokungxama.
I-OCD "yingxaki yokuziqhelanisa." Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana ugcina iimvakalelo zakhe kunye noloyiko ngaphakathi kwaye uyabandezeleka ngokwengqondo.
Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze uqonde ngokucacileyo olu tshintsho.
| Umahluko | Kwimeko ye-ADHD | Kwimeko ye-OCD |
|---|---|---|
| Umahluko wobuchopho | Ukuvuthwa kwe-frontal lobe yengqondo kulibaziseka ngeminyaka eliqela. Umsebenzi wayo uyancipha . | Kukho ukulibaziseka konxibelelwano phakathi kwe-frontal lobe yengqondo kunye nezinye iindawo. Isebenza kakhulu . |
| Ukuziphatha | Ukungakhathali, ukwenza izinto ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo, ukuthatha umngcipheko, ukungazinzi. | Uloyiko, amathandabuzo, iingcinga ezingafunekiyo, ukulumka kakhulu, ukuphepha ukuthatha umngcipheko. |
| Iimpawu eziphambili |
Ngenxa yokuba zombini ezi meko zinzima ukunikela ingqalelo, i-OCD ngamanye amaxesha inokuxilongwa gwenxa njenge-ADHD. Ke ngoko, xa ugqirha efumanisa i-OCD, ujonga ngokukodwa ukuba umntwana ulandela iipatheni zokuziphatha eziqinileyo kunye nemikhwa.
Ngaba umntwana angaba nazo zombini ezi meko ngaxeshanye?
Ewe, inokuba njalo. Enyanisweni, izifundo zibonisa ukuba malunga nomnye kubantwana abahlanu abane-OCD naye une-ADHD. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, iimpawu ze-ADHD zinokuncipha kwaye iimpawu ze-OCD zinokubonakala ngakumbi.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho unyango olusebenzayo kuzo zombini ezi meko. Ukuba umntwana unezi meko zombini, ugqirha angadibanisa ezi ndlela zonyango ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha: Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (CBT) yenye yeendlela eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa oku. Olu nyango lunceda ukuphucula ukuziphatha komntwana, ukuzibamba, kunye nokuzithemba kwi-ADHD, kunye nokunciphisa uloyiko neengcinga ezingeyomfuneko kwi-OCD.
- Amayeza: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha angakunika amayeza.
- Kwi-ADHD: Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo (umz. i-methylphenidate) zivuselela i-frontal lobe yengqondo kwaye ziphucula ingqalelo.
- Kwi-OCD: Udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) lulawula iimpawu ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-chemical serotonin engqondweni.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu: Naliphi na kula mayeza kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kunye nolawulo lukagqirha wakho.
- Enye Inkxaso:
- Uqeqesho lwabazali: Ukufundisa abazali indlela yokusebenzisana nomntwana wabo.
- Inkxaso yesikolo: Yazisa ootitshala nabasebenzi besikolo kwaye ucele inkxaso yabo.
- Unyango losapho: Ukubandakanya lonke usapho kwinkqubo.
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unyango alusebenzi kumntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba. Uya kukwazi ukucebisa olunye unyango olufanele wena.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD kunye ne-OCD ziimeko ezimbini zonyango ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo, kungekhona nje ukuziphatha okubi okanye umkhwa ombi.
- Nangona ezi zinto zimbini zifana, izizathu ezisisiseko kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zahlukile. I-ADHD ibonakaliswa kukungazithembi kunye nokungazithembi, ngelixa i-OCD ibonakaliswa ziingcinga ezingafunekiyo kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo.
- Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, musa ukuzityeshela, kodwa qhagamshelana nogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo ukuze akunike iingcebiso.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo (unyango lokuziphatha kunye namayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko), zombini ezi meko zinokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye umntwana angaphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobuqhelekileyo.
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