Xa usiva igama elithi anthrax , mhlawumbi ucinga ngento ethile evela kwimuvi yaseHollywood okanye ibali eloyikisayo ezindabeni. Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa usiva eli gama. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba, esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kwilizwe lethu nakwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Ngoko ke makhe sibone ukuba yintoni i-anthrax kwaye ungazikhusela njani kuyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye iAnthrax?
Ngamafutshane, i-anthrax lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Ibangelwa luhlobo lwentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Bacillus anthracis' . Le ntsholongwane inamandla amangalisayo. Oko kukuthi, inokuphila iminyaka emininzi kwiindawo ezifana nomhlaba kunye noboya bezilwanyana ngokwenza iqokobhe elikhethekileyo elikhuselayo elibizwa ngokuba yi-spores phantsi kweemeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo.
Cinga ngayo njengebhaktiriya eleleyo. Xa ingena emzimbeni wethu, ifumana indawo efanelekileyo. Emva koko i-spore coat iyaphuka, iibhaktiriya ziyavuka, zize ziqale ukwanda. Emva koko iibhaktiriya zivelisa iityhefu eziyingozi emizimbeni yethu. Iimpawu zibangelwa zezo tyhefu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-anthrax ayisosifo esinokudluliselwa komnye umntu siye komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakufumana esi sifo ngokuchukumisa isigulane esine-anthrax, ngokuchukumisa into esiyisebenzisele yona, okanye ngokuthetha naso.
Siyifumana njani le sifo?
Esi sifo sibonakala kakhulu kwizilwanyana zasefama ezifana neenkomo, iibhokhwe, neegusha. Umngcipheko wokuba abantu bafumane esi sifo uphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntsholongwane zinokudluliselwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Ngenxeba lesikhumba: Xa into eneentsholongwane, ezifana nomhlaba, uboya bezilwanyana, okanye isikhumba, idibana nomkrwelo okanye inxeba eluswini. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokufunxwa kwe-anthrax.
- Ngokuphefumla: Ngokuphefumla ii-spores eziphuma emoyeni. Le yeyona ndlela iyingozi kakhulu neyingozi .
- Ngokutya ngendlela yokutya: Ngokutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle engcolileyo enezikhuhlane.
- Ngokufaka iziyobisi ngenaliti: Esi sifo sikwabikwe nakubantu abafaka iziyobisi ezifana ne-heroin engacocekanga. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu.
Kwimeko yethu eSri Lanka, abo basebenza kwiifama, abasebenza ngokusondeleyo nemfuyo, kwaye bebandakanyeka kwishishini lokushushuluza izilwanyana basengozini enkulu.
Zithini iimpawu? Uyibona njani le nto?
Iimpawu ze-anthrax zixhomekeke kwindlela iintsholongwane eziqala ngayo emzimbeni, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-Anthrax | Iimpawu eziphambili |
|---|---|
| Ngesikhumba (i-Cutaneous Anthrax) (Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo olubonwayo) |
|
| Ngokusebenzisa umjelo wokutya (iGastrointestinal Anthrax) |
|
| I-Anthrax yokuphefumla (Uhlobo oloyikisayo) |
|
| I-Anthrax yenaliti |
|
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba usenokuba uhlaselwe yi-anthrax , nokuba awunazo iimpawu , bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Umzekelo, ukuba usebenza nezilwanyana uze ngequbuliso uqaphele isilonda esingaqhelekanga, esingenabuhlungu, nesimnyama eluswini lwakho, musa ukusityeshela.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uyakuxilonga aze akrokre ukuba unokuba ne-anthrax, uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga igazi ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ii-antibodies ezichasene nebhaktiriya ye-anthrax okanye iityhefu eziveliswa yibhaktiriya.
- Ukuhlola isampuli yesikhumba: Ukuba kukho isilonda sesikhumba, kuthathwa isampuli encinci ize ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
- I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan: Ukuba kukho i-anthrax yokuphefumla erhanelekayo.
- Uvavanyo lwesitulo: Ukuba kukho intsholongwane erhanelekayo ngokusebenzisa umjelo wokutya.
- I-Spinal Tap: Uvavanyo oluthatha ulwelo oluncinci (ulwelo lomqolo) kwi-spinal cord ukuba kukho i-meningitis erhanelekayo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
I-Anthrax sisifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba. Ukulibazisa unyango yeyona nto iyingozi.
Unyango oluphambili zii -antibiotics . Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima besifo, la mayeza anokufuneka athathwe kangangeentsuku ezingama-60. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kufuneka alaliswe esibhedlele kwaye ii-antibiotics zinikwa nge-intravenously (IV) nge-saline.
Ngamanye amaxesha, uhlobo oluthile lonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-antitoxin lunikwa ukuze kuncitshiswe iityhefu eziveliswa yibhaktheriya emzimbeni.
Ngaba ikho i-vaccine yoku?
Ewe, kukho isitofu sokukhusela kwi-anthrax. Kodwa asisiso isitofu soluntu ngokubanzi. Esi sitofu sinikwa kuphela abantu abasengozini enkulu . Oko kuthetha ukuba:
- Abantu abasebenza kwiilabhoratri ezineentsholongwane ze-anthrax.
- Abanye abantu babandakanyeka kwimizi-mveliso enxulumene nezikhumba zezilwanyana kunye noboya.
- Amagosa omkhosi kwamanye amazwe.
Ngoko ke, umntu oqhelekileyo akufuneki akhathazeke ngolu gonyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Anthrax lusulelo olungaqhelekanga olunokudluliselwa kwizilwanyana. Aludluliselwa komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
- Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngezilonda zesikhumba, ukuphefumla, okanye ukutya okungcolileyo. Uhlobo lokuphefumla lolona luyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukuba usebenza nezilwanyana kwaye ubona iimpawu ezifana ne-anthrax (ingakumbi isilonda esimnyama eluswini), bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko, ungalindi de kuvele iimpawu.
- Esi sisifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho rhoqo.
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