Masifunde ngakumbi nge-HIV kunye ne-AIDS. (HIV kunye ne-AIDS) Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge -HIV kunye ne-AIDS. Mhlawumbi uyoyika kancinci. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngokupheleleyo ngale nto. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda. Kuba ukwazi ngezi zinto kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.

Yintoni i-HIV? Yintoni i-AIDS? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni i-HIV. I-HIV (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yintsholongwane ehlasela amajoni omzimba emzimbeni wethu. Njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe lethu, amajoni omzimba wethu nawo anjalo. Le nkqubo yiyo esikhusela kwizifo. Intsholongwane ye-HIV ihlasela ngqo le nkqubo yokuzikhusela.

Ngoku masijonge ukuba yintoni i-AIDS. I-AIDS (i-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) lelona nqanaba lokugqibela nelibi kakhulu losulelo lwe-HIV. I-AIDS yenzeka xa intsholongwane ye-HIV yonakalise inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ixesha elide kwaye ibuthathaka kakhulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-HIV/AIDS. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango lwangoku ('amayeza'), umntu osuleleke yi-HIV unokuphila ubomi obude nobunempilo. Ke ngoko, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene xa i-HIV ingena emzimbeni?

Khawucinge ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ineqela elikhethekileyo lamajoni. Abizwa ngokuba zii-'CD4' cells '. Abanye abantu bawabiza ngokuba zii- 'T' cells' . Ezi 'CD4' cells zezona zilwa neentsholongwane kunye nosulelo olungena emizimbeni yethu, kwaye zikwanceda ekuthinteleni uphuhliso lweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.

Intsholongwane ye-HIV inobuqili kakhulu. Ihlasela ngqo ezi seli zibalulekileyo ze-'CD4' zomkhosi wethu wokhuselo. Intsholongwane ingena kwezi seli, izilawule, ize yenze amawaka eekopi zayo. Emva koko itshabalalisa elo seli 'le-CD4', kwaye iintsholongwane ezisandula ukwenziwa ziqhubela phambili zihlasela ezinye iiseli eziphilileyo ze-'CD4'. Yileyo ndlela intsholongwane ye-HIV esasazeka ngayo emizimbeni yethu.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho i-AIDS?

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, intsholongwane ye-HIV itshabalalisa inani elikhulu leeseli ze-'CD4' kancinci kancinci. Emva koko inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iba buthathaka kakhulu. Kufana nelizwe elingenamkhosi. Le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-AIDS.

Xa sifikelela kwinqanaba le-AIDS, amandla omzimba okulwa nesifo ayancipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, nezifo ezincinci ezingasichaphazeli kangako zinokuba yingozi. Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezinzulu kunye neengxaki zempilo ziqala ukuvela.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwe-HIV? Ngaba ziyafana kuye wonke umntu?

Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-HIV azifani kuye wonke umntu. Ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba losulelo.

Inqanaba lokuqala: Usulelo lwe-HIV olukhawulezileyo

Eli lixesha lokuqala umntu esuleleka yile ntsholongwane.

• Iimpawu zihlala ziqala phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 nezi-4 emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni.
• Ezi mpawu zinokuhlala ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
• Zithini ezi mpawu?
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yomzimba ( iintlungu zemisipha )
• Iindlala ezidumbileyo (iindlala ezidumbileyo)
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
• Kodwa abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezincinci kakhulu , okanye bangabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba une-HIV kweli nqanaba.

Inqanaba elilandelayo: Usulelo lwe-HIV olungapheliyo

Ngeli xesha, umntu usenokungabi nazimpawu konke konke, okanye abe neempawu ezincinci kakhulu .

• Umntu unokuhlala engenazo iimpawu kangangeminyaka emi-5 okanye eli-10 , kodwa intsholongwane iyaqhubeka nokutshabalalisa iiseli ze-CD4 emzimbeni.
• Abanye abantu banokukhawuleza badlulele kwinqanaba elilandelayo elibi kakhulu, eliyi -AIDS .

Imeko embi kakhulu: i-AIDS

Eli lelona nqanaba linzima nelokugqibela losulelo lwe-HIV. Ngeli xesha, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka kakhulu.

• Ukuba mncinci kakhulu (ukunciphisa umzimba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - ` ukunciphisa umzimba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu`).
• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu .
• Amaqhuqhuva e-lymph ayaqhubeka nokudumba.
• Usulelo olukhulu lwemiphunga lunokukhula, olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Pneumocystis pneumonia' .
• Indle ekhululekileyo eqhubekayo (urhudo).
• Izilonda zikhula emlonyeni, empundu, nangaphandle kwezitho zangasese.
• Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokuvela.
• Iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba (umz. i-eczema, amaqhuqhuva) zinokubakho.

I-HIV idluliselwa njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye? Masifumanise oku kanye kanye!

I-HIV idluliselwa ngolwelo lomzimba oluvela kumntu osulelekileyo olungena emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo. Olu lwelo luphambili:

• Igazi
• Isidoda (`isidoda`)
• Ulwelo lwesisu
• Ubisi lwebele

Nazi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokudlulisela i-HIV:

• Ukusuka kwisondo esingakhuselekanga: Ingakumbi ukuba ikhondom ayisetyenziswa ngexesha lesondo lempundu kunye nesondo lesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ngokwabelana ngeenaliti:Xa abantu abaninzi besebenzisa inaliti enye xa befaka iziyobisi okanye befaka iitattoo.
• Abantu abafana nabasebenzi bezempilo banokuba semngciphekweni wokuhlatywa yinaliti engcolileyo enegazi elosulelekileyo .
• Umama ukuya kumntwana: I-HIV inokudluliselwa kumama one-HIV ukuya kumntwana wakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka, okanye ukuncancisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo lokuthintela oku.

Zeziphi iindlela zokuphepha ukosulelwa yi-HIV? Funda ngoku ngokucacileyo!

Abantu abaninzi baneengcamango ezingalunganga malunga nendlela i-HIV edluliselwa ngayo. Oku kudala uloyiko olungeyomfuneko. I-HIV ayinakudluliselwa ngezi zinto:

• Umchamo (`umchamo`), indle (`indle`), ukutshica (`itshica`), ukugabha (`ukuhlanza`), ukubila (ngaphandle kokuba kuxutywe negazi).
• Ukusuka ekukhohleleni nasekuthimleni.
• Ngokubambana ngezandla, ngokumanga.
• Ngokutya kwisitya esinye, ngokusebenzisa iglasi yamanzi efanayo.
• Kwizilwanyana ezifana neengcongconi.

Kubalulekile: I-HIV ayinakudluliselwa ngokuhlala, ukusebenza, okanye ukusebenzisana nomntu one-HIV. Ngoko ke, akukho sizathu sokucalula okanye sokucalula abantu abane-HIV.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-HIV?

Eyona ndlela yokwazi ukuba une-HIV kukufumana uvavanyo lwegazi. Ungalufumana kugqirha olu vavanyo.

• Ukuba uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba intsholongwane ye-HIV ikhona emzimbeni, loo mntu kuthiwa "une-HIV" .
• Ngoku kukho iimvavanyo zasekhaya ezifumaneka kwiikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uvavanyo lwasekhaya lubuya lulungile, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele ukuze ufumane uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha.

Umphatha njani umntu one-HIV? Ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olulungileyo ngoku!

Abantu abaninzi abane-HIV ngoku banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusempilweni besebenzisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-'Antiretrovirals' . La mayeza akwabizwa ngokuba yi-'ART' (Unyango lwe-Antiretroviral).

• La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa ubungakanani bentsholongwane ye-HIV emzimbeni (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'viral load '). Xa ubungakanani bentsholongwane buncipha, iiseli ze-'CD4` ezitshatyalalisiweyo ziqala ukukhula kwakhona, oko kuthetha ukuba inani leeseli ze-'CD4` liyanda.
• Injongo ephambili yonyango kukunciphisa inani leentsholongwane emzimbeni ukuya kwinqanaba apho zingafumaneki khona kuvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba linqanaba "elingabonakaliyo" leentsholongwane. Ukuze ufikelele kweli nqanaba , kufuneka uthathe amayeza yonke imihla ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.
• Ukuba uqhubeka nokusela amayeza kanye njengoko kuyalelwe, ungagcina umthwalo wentsholongwane kweli nqanaba 'elingabonakaliyo'. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyeka ukuthatha amayeza, umthwalo wentsholongwane uya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwakhona.Ngoko ke, akuyonto ilungileyo ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenjenjalo.

Khumbula, kukho unyango lwe-HIV! Ngoko ke ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwangethuba kukunika ithuba elingcono lokuphila ubomi obusempilweni nobude.

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sizikhusele kwi-HIV?

Ukuze sizikhusele kwi-HIV, sonke kufuneka sizazi ezi zinto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufundisa abantwana bethu kunye nabantu abatsha ngale nto.

• Ungaze usebenzise iinaliti ezisetyenziswe ngabanye abantu nangasiphi na isizathu. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha kuphela, ezicociweyo xa ufaka iziyobisi, ubhala iitattoo, okanye ugqobhoza iindlebe.
• Musa ukwabelana nabanye abantu ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezinokudibana negazi, njengee-razors kunye neebrashi zamazinyo .
• Musa ukuchukumisa igazi lomnye umntu (umz., igazi elivela kwinxeba). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, nxiba iiglavu.
• Ukuba ulala nomntu, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa ikhondom yelatex ngokuchanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha ulala nomntu (kwisitho sangasese, ngomlomo, okanye ngasemva). Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-HIV ngokwesondo.

Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngumntu one-HIV ukuze angasasazeki kwabanye?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu ophila ne-HIV enze izinto ngendlela enoxanduva. Nazi ezinye zezinto anokuzenza:

• Sela amayeza e-'Antiretrovirals' anikwe liqela lezonyango ngokuchanekileyo, ngexesha, nangomlinganiselo omiselweyo. Oku akuyi kuphucula impilo yakho kuphela, kodwa kuya kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokosulela abanye.
• Musa ukwabelana ngeenaliti zakho ezisetyenzisiweyo nabanye abantu nangasiphi na isizathu.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezinokungcoliswa ligazi, njengee-razors kunye neebrashi zamazinyo, nabanye abantu.
• Ukuba unenxeba okanye isilonda emzimbeni wakho, sigqume kakuhle ngebhandishi.
• Ukuba usabelana ngesondo:
• Thetha ngokunyanisekileyo namaqabane akho ngesondo malunga nesimo sakho se-HIV. Bakhuthaze ukuba nabo baye kuvavanyelwa i-HIV.
• Kukho amayeza akhethekileyo onokuwasela yonke imihla ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba iqabane lakho lifumane i-HIV. Abizwa ngokuba yi -'PrEP' (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) . Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku ngokuthetha nogqirha.

Khumbula oku: Ukuba uthatha ii-antiretrovirals ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unomthwalo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komnye umntu ngesondo. Lo ngumyalezo obaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ithuba elincinci kakhulu lokuba inokusasazwa ngezinye iindlela, njengokuncancisa okanye ukwabelana ngeenaliti.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka siyazi ngale nto?

I-HIV ayisiyonto yokoyika, kodwa yimeko ekufuneka ilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.

• Ukuba uthatha amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ulandela unyango lwakho oluqhelekileyo,Abantu abane-HIV banokuphila ubomi obude, obusempilweni, nobonwabisayo njengaye nabani na.
• Ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-HIV okanye i-AIDS kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunceda umntwana wakho:
• Qiniseka ukuba umsa umntwana wakho kugqirha ngemihla ecwangcisiweyo.
• Nika umntwana wakho onke amayeza anikwe ngugqirha ngqo, ngexesha, nanjengoko kuyalelwe.
• Qiniseka ukuba wenza zonke iimvavanyo zegazi ezifunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Mcacisele umntwana wakho ngendlela anokuthi aqonde ngayo ukuba yintoni i-HIV/AIDS, indlela edluliselwa ngayo, nendlela engosulelwa ngayo. Phendula nayiphi na imibuzo anokuba nayo.
• Nceda umntwana wakho ahlale esempilweni, alale ngokwaneleyo, aze atye ukutya okunesondlo .
• Khumbula, awuwedwa. Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho likho ukukunceda wena nomntwana wakho. Liza kukunceda ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho, kwaye linike inkxaso yeemvakalelo kuwe nakwabanye abantu bosapho lwakho.

## Masikhumbule izinto esathetha ngazo ngokuphefumla kube kanye (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-HIV kunye ne-AIDS namhlanje, akunjalo? Ngamafutshane:

• I-HIV yintsholongwane ehlasela amajoni omzimba. I-AIDS lolona hlobo lwayo lubi kakhulu.
• I-HIV idluliselwa ikakhulu ngokwabelana ngesondo okungakhuselekanga, ukwabelana ngeenaliti ezinentsholongwane, kunye nokudluliselwa komntwana ngumama .
• I-HIV ayidluliselwa ngokudibana nje, ukwabelana ngokutya neziselo, okanye ngeengcongconi.
• Kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze ufumane i-HIV.
• Ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral olukhoyo ngoku, abantu abaphila ne-HIV banokuphila ubomi obude nobusempilweni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza ngokuchanekileyo nangokungaguquguqukiyo.
• Xa umthwalo wentsholongwane wehla uye kwinqanaba "elingabonakaliyo", umngcipheko wokudlulisela i-HIV ngokwesondo phantse awukho.
• Ukuze uzikhusele kwi-HIV, izinto ezifana nokusebenzisa iikhondom kunye nokungabelani ngeenaliti zibaluleke kakhulu.
• Nika uthando, ububele, kunye nenkxaso yethu kwabo baphila ne-HIV. Musa ukubabeka bucala.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, ungandwendwela iiwebhusayithi ezifana neHIVinfo.NIH.gov kunye neCDC (Amaziko Olawulo Nokuthintelwa Kwezifo) . Kwakhona, ungafumana iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo malunga noku kwiikliniki zezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (`iikliniki ze-STD`) kwizibhedlele zikarhulumente eSri Lanka.

Musa ukoyika, ukuba unamathandabuzo, vavanywa. Yiba nolwazi. Hlala usempilweni!

I - HIV, i-AIDS, i-HIV, i-AIDS, unyango, iimpawu, ukosuleleka