Izifo Ezisulelayo NezifoJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 8 min

Ngaba uhlala ufumana umkhuhlane kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu? Makhe sithethe nge-Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)!

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:42:48.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Sihlala sigula ngumkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba, "Kuyaphinda kwenzeke!" Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zizifo ezibangelwa kukuphefumula okuphezulu , okanye njengoko oogqirha bezibiza, 'Upper Respiratory Infection - URI'. Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngako. Masibone ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye ezi, kutheni zenzeka, indlela yokuziphepha, kunye nento ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba zenzeka.

Yintoni le ntsholongwane yokuphefumla ephezulu (URI)?

Ngamafutshane, sisifo sosulelo lwendlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu . Oko kuthetha ukuba sichaphazela impumlo yakho, ii-sinuses, kunye nomqala . Cinga ngala malungu njengeendawo eziphambili apho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke xa intsholongwane, okanye ngamanye amaxesha iintsholongwane, zingena kwezi ndawo zize zibangele usulelo, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-URI. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zibangelwa ziintsholongwane . Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, esiwaziyo sonke, yi-URI ebangelwa yintsholongwane. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezifana ne-strep throat, umzekelo, zinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane . Amaxesha amaninzi, iifungi nazo zinokubangela oku, kodwa oko kunqabile kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi!

Xa kuvela usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, umntu ngamnye unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane engene kunye nendawo yomzimba echaphazeleka kakhulu. Ezinye izifo zinokubangela ukudumba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomqala. Umzekelo, `(Pharyngitis)` (ukudumba ngaphakathi emqaleni) kunye `(Laryngitis)` (ukudumba kweentambo zelizwi) zinokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

Impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo exineneyo : Olu luphawu lokuqala olufika engqondweni yabantu abaninzi. Abanye abantu banengxaki yokuphefumla ngenxa yempumlo exineneyo.
Umphimbo obuhlungu : Ukurhawuzelela , umphimbo obuhlungu, intlungu xa uginya.
Ukukhwehlela: Kungaqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo kuze kuguquke kube kukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
Ukuthimla : Ukuthimla rhoqo kukwaluphawu oluqhelekileyo.
Umkhuhlane: Usenokuba nomkhuhlane, oqala njengomkhuhlane ongephi.
Intloko ebuhlungu : Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu inokubakho.
Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukulahleka kwelizwi: Xa unentsholongwane yomphimbo, ilizwi lakho lisenokuba lirhawuzelele okanye liphele ngokupheleleyo.
Ukudinwa nokudinwa: Usenokuziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi kwenza nto.
Intlungu yobuso : Intlungu inokubakho, ingakumbi ebunzini nasemadleleni. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana ne-sinusitis.
Ukuphefumla : Abanye abantu banokuva isandi sokuphefumla esifubeni sabo xa bephefumla.
Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo

Ukuba ukhe wazibona ezi mpawu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-`(URI)`.
Kutheni sifumana ezi zifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu?
Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, ezi zifo zihlala zibangelwa ziintsholongwane .
Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo: Ezi zezona zibangela eziphambili. Kukho amakhulu eentlobo zezi ntsholongwane.
Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane (intsholongwane yomkhuhlane A kunye no-B – umkhuhlane): Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi "viral flu". Inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
Intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 (intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 – COVID-19): Oku kukwachaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla ephezulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yokuphefumla esezantsi.
Intsholongwane ye-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus – RSV): Oku kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala.
Ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana ne-Varicella-zoster virus (intsholongwane ebangela i-chickenpox) kunye ne-Herpes simplex virus, nazo azinakubangela loo nto.
Ayizizo iintsholongwane kuphela, kodwa neebhaktheriya zinokubangela oku:
Ibhaktheriya yeStreptococcus: Umzekelo, iGroup A Strep ibangela umphimbo obuhlungu. IStreptococcus pneumoniae inokubangela usulelo.
Iibhaktheriya zeHaemophilus influenzae
Iibhaktheriya zeMoraxella catarrhalis
Ukongeza, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ifungi ibangele usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu. Imizekelo ibandakanya ifungi efana ne-Aspergillus kunye ne-Mucormycetes. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zihlala zichaphazela abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., izigulane ezinomhlaza kunye nabantu abafumana izitho zomzimba ezifakelweyo).
Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela? Sidluliselwa njani?
Ewe, uninzi lwezifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu ziyasulelana, ingakumbi ezo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Khawucinge nje, ezi ntsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Amathontsi okuphefumla: La mathontsi afumaneka kumathontsi amancinci amathe aphuma emlonyeni nasempumlweni xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha kakhulu. Xa la mathontsi ephefumlwa ngumntu okufutshane, anokosulelwa.
Ngokwabelana ngokutya neziselo:Oku kunokwenzeka kwizinto ezifana nokusela amanzi kwikomityi enye, ukutya ukutya kwicephe elinye, njl. Oku kunokwenzeka nangokubelana ngeebhotile zamanzi phakathi kwabantwana besikolo.
Ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcoliswe ziintsholongwane: Ukuba sichukumisa into echukunyiswe ngumntu ogulayo, njengesixhobo sokuvala ucango, iswitshi yokukhanyisa, ifowuni, okanye ithoyi, size sichukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo ethu ngesandla esinye, iintsholongwane zinokungena emizimbeni yethu.
Khawucinge nje ukuba kungakanani amathuba okuba isifo sifumaneke ngolu hlobo xa ukhwele ibhasi, uloliwe, okanye kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
Nangona kunjalo, izifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu ezibangelwa yifungi aziqhelekanga ukudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Ngaba oku kungabangela iingxaki eziyingozi?
Amaxesha amaninzi, i-"URI", njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ayibalulekanga kangako. Iya kuba bhetele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, iveki okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki .
Ezinye ii-URI zinokubangela ukuba usulelo lusasazeke emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia .
Ukuba usulelo lwebhaktiriya alunyangwanga kakuhle, iibhaktiriya zinokuhamba ngegazi zize zichaphazele ezinye iindawo. Umzekelo:
I-Meningitis (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-brain fever, ukudumba kwee-membrane ezigqume ubuchopho)
Umkhuhlane werheumatic (uchaphazela intliziyo, amalungu, kunye nengqondo)
Umkhuhlane obomvana ( umkhuhlane onamaqhuqhuva abomvu eluswini)
I-Sepsis ( ityhefu egazini, oku kuyingozi kakhulu)
Ukonakala kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yeengxaki?
Kwabantwana abancinci
Kwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala
Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abo banezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, umhlaza, i-HIV, okanye abo basebenzisa amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela)
Kwabo banezinye izifo ezingapheliyo (isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga).
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Uninzi lwexesha, ugqirha uya kuxilonga i-URI ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Basenokuthatha i-nasal swab okanye i-throat culture. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane, usulelo oluthile olufana ne-COVID-19, okanye ukuba unesifo somqala esibuhlungu, intsholongwane efana ne-strep throat. Ukuba iimpawu zakho azikho nzulu kwaye akukho nto ifumanekayo kwezo mvavanyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo yomkhuhlane. Abasoloko beyivavanya.
Iphathwa njani le nto? (Unyango)
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwisizathu sosulelo .
Ii-URI zentsholongwane: Njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, akukho nyango luthile kwii-URI ezininzi zentsholongwane. Okufunekayo kukunciphisa iimpawu nokunika umzimba ukuphumla.
Sela amanzi amaninzi (ubuncinane iilitha ezi-2-3 ngosuku).
Sela izinto ezifudumeleyo (izinto ezifana ne-coriander, i-fenugreek, iti yejinja).
Phumla kakuhle.
Xa umkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, thatha iyeza elifana neparacetamol, onokulithenga kwikhemesti.
Ukuba impumlo yakho ivalekile, zama ukuphefumla ngomphunga.
Iintsholongwane ze-URI: Ukuba unentsholongwane yebhaktiriya, efana ne-strep throat, ugqirha uza kukunika ii-antibiotics .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Sela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, kangangeentsuku ezichanekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasela kuba nje uzive ungcono. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zibe mandundu endaweni yokuzibulala ngokupheleleyo, okanye kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zingakwazi ukumelana namayeza.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba unesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane, kufuneka ulinde ide intsholongwane iphele ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kudla ngokuthatha malunga neveki okanye ezimbini. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukwenza izinto ezinciphisa iimpawu zakho, njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, kwaye ufumane ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo. Xa uqala ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane, iimpawu zakho ziya kuqala ukuphucuka kusuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uwathatha amayeza kangangeentsuku ezipheleleyo ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho.
Ixesha elingakanani esi sifo sisasazekayo? (Ixesha lokusulelana)
Iintsholongwane ze-URI zihlala zisasazeka kakhulu kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokosulela kwangethuba emva kosuku okanye ezimbini emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile. Nokuba uzive ungcono kodwa useneempawu (ezifana nokukhohlela nokuthimla), usenokusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu. Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu, zinokosulela kangangeeveki ukuba azinyangwa.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba usoloko ubaleka uye kugqirha ngenxa yomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba:
Ukuba iimpawu zinzima kakhulu: umzekelo, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba.
Ukuba iimpawu zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini: Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo awuhlali ixesha elide kangako.
Ukuba isifo sivela rhoqo.
Kwimeko enjalo, isenokuba lusulelo lwebhaktiriya, usulelo lwefungus, okanye enye ingxaki yempilo. Kwakhona, ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha kwangoko nje ukuba uqalise ukubona iimpawu ze-URI.
Kufuneka uye nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko?
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, isenokuba yingxamiseko. Ngoko ke yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza:
Umkhuhlane ophezulu: (Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius).
Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlungu zesifuba.
Izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla: ukuphefumla okanye i-stridor.
Isiyezi (vertigo).
Ukurhoxa: Ulusu oluphakathi kweembambo zesifuba lutsalela ngaphakathi ngelixa uphefumla (oku kunokubonwa ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci).
Ukudideka okanye utshintsho lwengqondo: Ukuthetha ngokungacacanga, kubonakala ngathi akuhambi kakuhle, okanye awukwazi ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Ungaziphepha njani ezi zifo? (Ukuthintela)
Akungcono na ukuzama ukuthintela i-"(URI)" ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke kunokubandezeleka yiyo? Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula onokuzenza:
Fumana imigonyo ecetyiswayo: Fumana imigonyo efana nogonyo lomkhuhlane kunye nogonyo lwe-COVID-19 ngexesha.
Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha: ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nasemva kokuphuma ngaphandle.
Ukugcina iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo zicocekile: Sula iindawo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile kunye neefowuni ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, iibhotile zamanzi, okanye iikomityi nabanye.
Ukuba uyagula, nxiba imaski ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye. Kwakhona, hlala ekhaya kangangoko unako ukuba uyagula.
Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho.
Ngaba yonke i-URI iyayidinga `(Antibiotics)`?
Le yingcamango engaqhelekanga. Uninzi lwexesha, i-URI ayidingi antibiotics! Kuba, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwe-URIs lubangelwa ziintsholongwane . Ii-antibiotics azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Zisebenza kwiintsholongwane kuphela. Ngoko ke, musa ukubalekela kwikhemesti ucele ii-antibiotics xa unomkhuhlane. Ii-antibiotics ziya kunikwa kuphela ukuba ugqirha ukuhlolile waza wafumanisa ukuba lusulelo lwebhaktiriya (umz., umphimbo obuhlungu).
Okwenzekayo xa sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kukuba iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emizimbeni yethu ziyafa kwaye iintsholongwane eziyingozi ezingamelaniyo namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ziyakhula. Emva koko, xa sizifuna ngokwenene amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, loo mayeza anokuyeka ukusebenza. Leyo yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.
Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule
Umphimbo obuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu, impumlo egobhozayo... ezi mpawu ze-`(URI)` ziyacaphukisa ngokwenene. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwezifo zomchamo ophezulu azinabungozi. Uninzi lubangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye xa usela ulwelo oluninzi, ukuphumla, kunye neendlela zokunciphisa iimpawu, uya kuphila kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki okanye ezimbini. Kungekudala uza kukwazi ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga neempawu zakho, ukuba zinzima, okanye ukuba zihlale ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ukuba ungumntwana omncinci, umntu omdala, okanye umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Ungalibali, imikhwa elula yococeko efana nokuhlamba izandla zakho inokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni ezi zifo. Hlala uphilile wonke umntu!
"Usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, i-URI, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, intsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, unyango, uthintelo

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Izifo Ezisulelayo NezifoJulayi 16, 2026
Ngaba uhlala ufumana umkhuhlane kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu? Makhe sithethe nge-Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)!
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 8 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Yintoni le ntsholongwane yokuphefumla ephezulu (URI)?
2. Zithini iimpawu zoku? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi!
3. Kutheni sifumana ezi zifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu?
4. Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela? Sidluliselwa njani?
5. Ngaba oku kungabangela iingxaki eziyingozi?
6. Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
7. Iphathwa njani le nto? (Unyango)
8. Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza?
9. Ixesha elingakanani esi sifo sisasazekayo? (Ixesha lokusulelana)
10. Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
11. Kufuneka uye nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko?
12. Ungaziphepha njani ezi zifo? (Ukuthintela)
13. Ngaba yonke i-URI iyayidinga `(Antibiotics)`?
14. Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule
Sihlala sigula ngumkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba, "Kuyaphinda kwenzeke!" Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zizifo ezibangelwa kukuphefumula okuphezulu , okanye njengoko oogqirha bezibiza, 'Upper Respiratory Infection - URI'. Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngako. Masibone ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye ezi, kutheni zenzeka, indlela yokuziphepha, kunye nento ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba zenzeka.
Yintoni le ntsholongwane yokuphefumla ephezulu (URI)?
Ngamafutshane, sisifo sosulelo lwendlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu . Oko kuthetha ukuba sichaphazela impumlo yakho, ii-sinuses, kunye nomqala . Cinga ngala malungu njengeendawo eziphambili apho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke xa intsholongwane, okanye ngamanye amaxesha iintsholongwane, zingena kwezi ndawo zize zibangele usulelo, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-URI. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zibangelwa ziintsholongwane . Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, esiwaziyo sonke, yi-URI ebangelwa yintsholongwane. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezifana ne-strep throat, umzekelo, zinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane . Amaxesha amaninzi, iifungi nazo zinokubangela oku, kodwa oko kunqabile kakhulu.
Zithini iimpawu zoku? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi!
Xa kuvela usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, umntu ngamnye unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane engene kunye nendawo yomzimba echaphazeleka kakhulu. Ezinye izifo zinokubangela ukudumba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomqala. Umzekelo, `(Pharyngitis)` (ukudumba ngaphakathi emqaleni) kunye `(Laryngitis)` (ukudumba kweentambo zelizwi) zinokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:
Impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo exineneyo : Olu luphawu lokuqala olufika engqondweni yabantu abaninzi. Abanye abantu banengxaki yokuphefumla ngenxa yempumlo exineneyo.
Umphimbo obuhlungu : Ukurhawuzelela , umphimbo obuhlungu, intlungu xa uginya.
Ukukhwehlela: Kungaqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo kuze kuguquke kube kukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
Ukuthimla : Ukuthimla rhoqo kukwaluphawu oluqhelekileyo.
Umkhuhlane: Usenokuba nomkhuhlane, oqala njengomkhuhlane ongephi.
Intloko ebuhlungu : Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu inokubakho.
Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukulahleka kwelizwi: Xa unentsholongwane yomphimbo, ilizwi lakho lisenokuba lirhawuzelele okanye liphele ngokupheleleyo.
Ukudinwa nokudinwa: Usenokuziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi kwenza nto.
Intlungu yobuso : Intlungu inokubakho, ingakumbi ebunzini nasemadleleni. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana ne-sinusitis.
Ukuphefumla : Abanye abantu banokuva isandi sokuphefumla esifubeni sabo xa bephefumla.
Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
Ukuba ukhe wazibona ezi mpawu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-`(URI)`.
Kutheni sifumana ezi zifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu?
Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, ezi zifo zihlala zibangelwa ziintsholongwane .
Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo: Ezi zezona zibangela eziphambili. Kukho amakhulu eentlobo zezi ntsholongwane.
Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane (intsholongwane yomkhuhlane A kunye no-B – umkhuhlane): Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi "viral flu". Inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
Intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 (intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 – COVID-19): Oku kukwachaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla ephezulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yokuphefumla esezantsi.
Intsholongwane ye-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus – RSV): Oku kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala.
Ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana ne-Varicella-zoster virus (intsholongwane ebangela i-chickenpox) kunye ne-Herpes simplex virus, nazo azinakubangela loo nto.
Ayizizo iintsholongwane kuphela, kodwa neebhaktheriya zinokubangela oku:
Ibhaktheriya yeStreptococcus: Umzekelo, iGroup A Strep ibangela umphimbo obuhlungu. IStreptococcus pneumoniae inokubangela usulelo.
Iibhaktheriya zeHaemophilus influenzae
Iibhaktheriya zeMoraxella catarrhalis
Ukongeza, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ifungi ibangele usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu. Imizekelo ibandakanya ifungi efana ne-Aspergillus kunye ne-Mucormycetes. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zihlala zichaphazela abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., izigulane ezinomhlaza kunye nabantu abafumana izitho zomzimba ezifakelweyo).
Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela? Sidluliselwa njani?
Ewe, uninzi lwezifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu ziyasulelana, ingakumbi ezo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Khawucinge nje, ezi ntsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Amathontsi okuphefumla: La mathontsi afumaneka kumathontsi amancinci amathe aphuma emlonyeni nasempumlweni xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha kakhulu. Xa la mathontsi ephefumlwa ngumntu okufutshane, anokosulelwa.
Ngokwabelana ngokutya neziselo:Oku kunokwenzeka kwizinto ezifana nokusela amanzi kwikomityi enye, ukutya ukutya kwicephe elinye, njl. Oku kunokwenzeka nangokubelana ngeebhotile zamanzi phakathi kwabantwana besikolo.
Ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcoliswe ziintsholongwane: Ukuba sichukumisa into echukunyiswe ngumntu ogulayo, njengesixhobo sokuvala ucango, iswitshi yokukhanyisa, ifowuni, okanye ithoyi, size sichukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo ethu ngesandla esinye, iintsholongwane zinokungena emizimbeni yethu.
Khawucinge nje ukuba kungakanani amathuba okuba isifo sifumaneke ngolu hlobo xa ukhwele ibhasi, uloliwe, okanye kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
Nangona kunjalo, izifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu ezibangelwa yifungi aziqhelekanga ukudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Ngaba oku kungabangela iingxaki eziyingozi?
Amaxesha amaninzi, i-"URI", njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ayibalulekanga kangako. Iya kuba bhetele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, iveki okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki .
Ezinye ii-URI zinokubangela ukuba usulelo lusasazeke emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia .
Ukuba usulelo lwebhaktiriya alunyangwanga kakuhle, iibhaktiriya zinokuhamba ngegazi zize zichaphazele ezinye iindawo. Umzekelo:
I-Meningitis (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-brain fever, ukudumba kwee-membrane ezigqume ubuchopho)
Umkhuhlane werheumatic (uchaphazela intliziyo, amalungu, kunye nengqondo)
Umkhuhlane obomvana ( umkhuhlane onamaqhuqhuva abomvu eluswini)
I-Sepsis ( ityhefu egazini, oku kuyingozi kakhulu)
Ukonakala kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yeengxaki?
Kwabantwana abancinci
Kwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala
Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abo banezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, umhlaza, i-HIV, okanye abo basebenzisa amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela)
Kwabo banezinye izifo ezingapheliyo (isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga).
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Uninzi lwexesha, ugqirha uya kuxilonga i-URI ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Basenokuthatha i-nasal swab okanye i-throat culture. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane, usulelo oluthile olufana ne-COVID-19, okanye ukuba unesifo somqala esibuhlungu, intsholongwane efana ne-strep throat. Ukuba iimpawu zakho azikho nzulu kwaye akukho nto ifumanekayo kwezo mvavanyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo yomkhuhlane. Abasoloko beyivavanya.
Iphathwa njani le nto? (Unyango)
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwisizathu sosulelo .
Ii-URI zentsholongwane: Njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, akukho nyango luthile kwii-URI ezininzi zentsholongwane. Okufunekayo kukunciphisa iimpawu nokunika umzimba ukuphumla.
Sela amanzi amaninzi (ubuncinane iilitha ezi-2-3 ngosuku).
Sela izinto ezifudumeleyo (izinto ezifana ne-coriander, i-fenugreek, iti yejinja).
Phumla kakuhle.
Xa umkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, thatha iyeza elifana neparacetamol, onokulithenga kwikhemesti.
Ukuba impumlo yakho ivalekile, zama ukuphefumla ngomphunga.
Iintsholongwane ze-URI: Ukuba unentsholongwane yebhaktiriya, efana ne-strep throat, ugqirha uza kukunika ii-antibiotics .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Sela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, kangangeentsuku ezichanekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasela kuba nje uzive ungcono. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zibe mandundu endaweni yokuzibulala ngokupheleleyo, okanye kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zingakwazi ukumelana namayeza.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba unesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane, kufuneka ulinde ide intsholongwane iphele ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kudla ngokuthatha malunga neveki okanye ezimbini. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukwenza izinto ezinciphisa iimpawu zakho, njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, kwaye ufumane ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo. Xa uqala ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwintsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane, iimpawu zakho ziya kuqala ukuphucuka kusuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uwathatha amayeza kangangeentsuku ezipheleleyo ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho.
Ixesha elingakanani esi sifo sisasazekayo? (Ixesha lokusulelana)
Iintsholongwane ze-URI zihlala zisasazeka kakhulu kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokosulela kwangethuba emva kosuku okanye ezimbini emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile. Nokuba uzive ungcono kodwa useneempawu (ezifana nokukhohlela nokuthimla), usenokusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu. Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu, zinokosulela kangangeeveki ukuba azinyangwa.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba usoloko ubaleka uye kugqirha ngenxa yomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba:
Ukuba iimpawu zinzima kakhulu: umzekelo, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba.
Ukuba iimpawu zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini: Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo awuhlali ixesha elide kangako.
Ukuba isifo sivela rhoqo.
Kwimeko enjalo, isenokuba lusulelo lwebhaktiriya, usulelo lwefungus, okanye enye ingxaki yempilo. Kwakhona, ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha kwangoko nje ukuba uqalise ukubona iimpawu ze-URI.
Kufuneka uye nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko?
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, isenokuba yingxamiseko. Ngoko ke yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza:
Umkhuhlane ophezulu: (Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius).
Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlungu zesifuba.
Izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla: ukuphefumla okanye i-stridor.
Isiyezi (vertigo).
Ukurhoxa: Ulusu oluphakathi kweembambo zesifuba lutsalela ngaphakathi ngelixa uphefumla (oku kunokubonwa ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci).
Ukudideka okanye utshintsho lwengqondo: Ukuthetha ngokungacacanga, kubonakala ngathi akuhambi kakuhle, okanye awukwazi ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Ungaziphepha njani ezi zifo? (Ukuthintela)
Akungcono na ukuzama ukuthintela i-"(URI)" ngaphambi kokuba yenzeke kunokubandezeleka yiyo? Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula onokuzenza:
Fumana imigonyo ecetyiswayo: Fumana imigonyo efana nogonyo lomkhuhlane kunye nogonyo lwe-COVID-19 ngexesha.
Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha: ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nasemva kokuphuma ngaphandle.
Ukugcina iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo zicocekile: Sula iindawo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile kunye neefowuni ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, iibhotile zamanzi, okanye iikomityi nabanye.
Ukuba uyagula, nxiba imaski ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye. Kwakhona, hlala ekhaya kangangoko unako ukuba uyagula.
Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho.
Ngaba yonke i-URI iyayidinga `(Antibiotics)`?
Le yingcamango engaqhelekanga. Uninzi lwexesha, i-URI ayidingi antibiotics! Kuba, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwe-URIs lubangelwa ziintsholongwane . Ii-antibiotics azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Zisebenza kwiintsholongwane kuphela. Ngoko ke, musa ukubalekela kwikhemesti ucele ii-antibiotics xa unomkhuhlane. Ii-antibiotics ziya kunikwa kuphela ukuba ugqirha ukuhlolile waza wafumanisa ukuba lusulelo lwebhaktiriya (umz., umphimbo obuhlungu).
Okwenzekayo xa sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kukuba iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emizimbeni yethu ziyafa kwaye iintsholongwane eziyingozi ezingamelaniyo namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ziyakhula. Emva koko, xa sizifuna ngokwenene amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, loo mayeza anokuyeka ukusebenza. Leyo yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.
Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule
Umphimbo obuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu, impumlo egobhozayo... ezi mpawu ze-`(URI)` ziyacaphukisa ngokwenene. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwezifo zomchamo ophezulu azinabungozi. Uninzi lubangelwa ziintsholongwane, kwaye xa usela ulwelo oluninzi, ukuphumla, kunye neendlela zokunciphisa iimpawu, uya kuphila kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki okanye ezimbini. Kungekudala uza kukwazi ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga neempawu zakho, ukuba zinzima, okanye ukuba zihlale ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ukuba ungumntwana omncinci, umntu omdala, okanye umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Ungalibali, imikhwa elula yococeko efana nokuhlamba izandla zakho inokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni ezi zifo. Hlala uphilile wonke umntu!
"Usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla, i-URI, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, intsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, unyango, uthintelo
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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