Xa ubukela i-teledrama okanye ifilimu emalunga nophando lolwaphulo-mthetho kwiTV, umele ukuba uve iingxoxo ezifana nokuthi "Kuphela xa kufika ingxelo ye-DNA apho singatsho khona ukuba ngubani na ulwaphulo-mthetho," akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba ukhe wabona kwiphephandaba ukuba isidumbu sachongwa kwiminyaka kamva ngovavanyo lwe-DNA. Yintoni kanye kanye i-DNA fingerprinting ethethwa ngumntu wonke? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale teknoloji imangalisayo enokuchonga umntu njengomnwe, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo nangakumbi.
'Imephu yemfuza' engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu
Ngamafutshane, i-DNA yiseti yemiyalelo emincinci efumaneka ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wethu. Njengesicwangciso sokwakha indlu, lonke ulwazi olufunekayo emzimbeni wethu ukuze sikhule, siphuhlise, kwaye sisebenze ngokufanelekileyo imihla ngemihla lubhalwe kule DNA njengekhowudi. Igama elipheleleyo le-DNA yi -deoxyribonucleic acid .
Olu luhlu lwe-DNA lwenziwe ziintlobo ezine zeekhemikhali ezidityanisiweyo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba 'ziziseko'. Ezi zidibana ngababini ukuze zenze 'izibini ezisisiseko'. Ungacinga, kukho malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-3 zezi zibini kwiseli enye emzimbeni wethu! Indlela ezidityaniswe ngayo ixelela iiseli zethu indlela yokwenza iiseli ezintsha ezifanayo.
Le seti ipheleleyo ye-DNA emizimbeni yethu ibizwa ngokuba yi- 'genome ' . Nantsi into emangalisayo. Wonke umntu emhlabeni une-99.9% ye-genome yakhe efanayo. Ewe, i-DNA yakho neyomntu ongamaziyo ziyafana nge-99.9%. Kodwa loo mahluko mncinci we-0.1% yiyo eyenza mna nawe sahluke ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Ayisiyo kuphela umbala wolusu lwethu, ubume beenwele, ukuphakama, kodwa nokuchaphazeleka kwethu zizifo ezithile okuxhomekeka kulo mahluko mncinci.
Itekhnoloji ye-DNA fingerprinting isebenzisa iikhemikhali ukwahlula ezi ntambo ze-DNA kunye nokuchonga iindawo ezikhethekileyo kuwe, ezahluke nge-0.1%. Isiphumo sokugqibela yipateni enemigca. Le pateni inokuthelekiswa nepateni efunyenwe kwenye isampuli ye-DNA.
Ngoko ke ufumana njani i-DNA fingerprint?
Oku akuyonto inzima okanye yoyikekayo njengoko unokucinga. Olu vavanyo lufuna ukuthatha isampuli yeeseli emzimbeni wakho.
- Ngaphakathi emlonyeni: Ungasebenzisa iswab ukukrwela ingaphakathi lomlomo ukusuka ecaleni lesidlele.
- Ulusu: Iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lolusu.
- Ukusuka ezinweleni: ingcambu yomthi weenwele.
- Ulwelo lomzimba: Oluvela kumathe, ukubila, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.
Kodwa ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezi ndlelaEyona ndlela ilula nesetyenziswa kakhulu kukuthatha isampuli yegazi.
Okwenzekayo kwilebhu ke ngoku:
1. Ukwahlulwa kwe-DNA: Iikhemikhali zongezwa kwisampulu ukuze zahlule i-DNA kwiiseli ezikuyo.
2. Ukusikwa kwe-DNA: Okulandelayo, enye inkqubo yeekhemikhali yahlula la makhonkco e-DNA amade abe ziipateni ezithile eziphindaphindayo esizifunayo. La ngamalungu ahlukeneyo kumntu nomntu.
3. Ukwenza iikopi: Ngoku ezi ziqwenga zincinci ze-DNA zikopishwa izihlandlo ezizizigidi, oko kuthetha ukuba zenziwe iikopi ezininzi, zisanda ngobukhulu. Emva koko kulula ukuzivavanya.
4. Ukuqatshelwa kweepateni: Okulandelayo, ezi ziqwenga zeDNA zifakwa kwindawo efana nejeli kwaye kudluliswa umsinga wombane kuyo. Iziqwenga zeDNA zahlukana zibe ziingceba ezinkulu nezincinci ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo kwaye zihamba ngejeli. Emva koko, xa kongezwa idayi ekhethekileyo, ezi ziqwenga zeDNA ezahlulweyo ziyakhazimla phantsi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okanye umqadi we-laser.
Ekugqibeleni, sifumana ipateni yemigca, njengebhakhowudi kwimveliso yesuphamakethi. Le pateni 'yiminwe yeDNA' yakho eyahlukileyo. Oku kunokuthelekiswa nepatheni evela kwisampulu yomnye umntu ngokuchanekileyo kwe-100%.
Ziziphi iingenelo zokwenyani zokubhalwa kweminwe ye-DNA?
Ukususela ngomhla eyafunyanwa ngawo le teknoloji ngo-1984, iingenelo zayo ziye zanda nganye nganye. Iingenelo zayo zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini.
| Intsimi | Ukusetyenziswa |
|---|---|
| Ezomthetho kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi | |
| Uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho | Tshatisa ubungqina, obufana nomsonto weenwele okanye ibala legazi, obufunyenwe kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho nomrhanelwa okanye uqinisekise ukuba umrhanelwa ngumntu ofanelekileyo. |
| Ukukhangela izalamane | Qinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ngoobani abazali bomntwana (uvavanyo looyise), abantakwabo noodadewabo, kunye nezinye izalamane zegazi. |
| Ukuchonga abantu | Ukuqinisekisa ubunyani bezidumbu ezisweleke kwingozi okanye kwintlekele yendalo kwaye zingenakuqondwa. |
| Ukusetyenziswa Kwezonyango | |
| Ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba | Jonga ukuba izicubu zomnikeli ziyahambelana na nezicubu zomguli ofuna ilungu lomzimba. |
| Ukuchongwa kwezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa | Fumanisa kwangaphambili ukuba unayo, okanye usemngciphekweni wokufumana izifo ezidluliselwa kwilifa . |
| Ukufumana unyango lwezifo | Uphando lunceda ekuchongeni utshintsho lwemfuza olubangela ezi zifo zizuzwe njengelifa kunye nokufumana unyango olunokuzinyanga. |
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwazi ngezifo zentsapho kwangaphambili?
Ewe, oku kukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-DNA kwezonyango okubaluleke kakhulu. Kukho ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngeejini. Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (ibele, isibeleko, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu), izifo zentliziyo, kunye nezifo ezifana neThalassemia , ezixhaphakileyo kwilizwe lethu.
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo esifanayo, ungafumanisa ngovavanyo lwe-DNA ukuba ngaba unesifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba naso. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi kwangaphambili ukuba usemngciphekweni kukunika ithuba elihle lokuzikhusela kwesi sifo okanye ukusibona kwangethuba ngokwenza utshintsho olusempilweni kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye nokufumana uvavanyo lwezonyango olufunekayo ngexesha. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga noku, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye ingcali.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lweDNA luvavanyo oluchanekileyo kakhulu olunokuchonga umntu. Wonke umntu unepateni yeDNA eyahlukileyo.
- Oku kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngeenjongo zomthetho ezifana nophando lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobutata .
- Le teknoloji ikwabaluleke kakhulu kwiinjongo zonyango ezinje ngokufakelwa amalungu omzimba, ukuchonga iimeko zofuzo, kunye nokufumana unyango lwazo.
- Olu vavanyo lunokusebenzisa nayiphi na isampuli yeseli emzimbeni, njengesaliva, igazi, okanye ifollicle yeenwele.
- Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho okanye iingozi zemfuza, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo uze ufumane icebiso elifanelekileyo.
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