Wake wahamba waya endaweni eyomile, isibonelo, ezindaweni ezifana ne-Anuradhapura noma i-Polonnaruwa? Kumelwe ukuthi uke wezwa abadala bekutshela ukuthi uqaphele omiyane uma uya. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho yisifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-malaria. Nakuba sasiyinkinga enkulu yezempilo ezweni lakithi, i-Sri Lanka manje isiqinisekiswe yi-World Health Organization njengezwe elingenayo i-malaria. Lokho kuyimpumelelo enkulu! Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele sikhohlwe ngakho ngokuphelele.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela i-malaria, ikakhulukazi uma uya phesheya ngenxa yomsebenzi noma uhambo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi i-malaria iyini, isakazeka kanjani, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani.
Iyini ngempela i-malaria?
Kalula nje, umalaleveva uyisifo esibi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa yi-parasite. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kithi ngokulunywa umiyane wesifazane (uhlobo lwe-Anopheles) olune-malaria. Uma lesi similaveva singena egazini lethu, kuqala siya esibindini. Lapho, siyanda, siphinde singene egazini bese siqala ukubhubhisa amaseli abomvu egazi. Yilapho siqala khona ukubonisa izimpawu. Nakuba umalaleveva ungasavamile eSri Lanka, lesi sifo sisavamile emazweni anezimo zezulu ezifudumele njengamazwe ase-Afrika, amanye amazwe aseNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nezinye izingxenye zaseNingizimu Melika. Ngakho-ke, uma uya ezweni elinjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezibangela umalaleveva?
Umalaleveva ubangelwa yi-parasite ebizwa ngokuthi i-Plasmodium. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zomalaleveva ezibangela umalaleveva kubantu. Akuzona zonke ezifanayo; ezinye ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye.
| Uhlobo lwezinambuzane | Incazelo |
|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum | Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Luyanda ngokushesha emzimbeni. Lungabangela izinto ezifana nokuntuleka kwegazi okukhulu kanye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincane ebuchosheni. Uma kuthinta ubuchopho, sikubiza ngokuthi umalaleveva wobuchopho . Lokhu futhi kusongela ukuphila. Kuvamile kakhulu e-Afrika. |
| I-Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Lolu hlobo luhlukile kancane. Lungahlala lucashile esibindini izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ngemva kokulunywa umiyane bese luphinde lubuye. Luvame kakhulu e-Asia naseLatin America. |
| I-Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Lokhu kufana kakhulu ne-P. vivax futhi kuvame kakhulu eNtshonalanga Afrika naseziqhingini zaseNtshonalanga yePacific. |
| I-Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Uma lungelashwa kahle, lolu hlobo lungabangela ukutheleleka okungapheli okuhlala impilo yonke. Lubonakala emhlabeni wonke. |
| I-Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) | Nakuba lolu uhlobo oluvame ukuthinta izinkawu, sekutholakele ukuthi lungathelela nabantu. Luyanda emahoreni angama-24, ngakho-ke lungaba nzima ngokushesha. Lutholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. |
I-malaria idluliselwa kanjani?
Akusabalaliswa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, ngokuthimula, ukuthinta, noma ucansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umalaleveva awuthelelani. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ungasabalala ngezinye izindlela:
- Ngokuthola igazi kumuntu onegciwane (kodwa manje, ngoba igazi liyahlolwa ngaphambi kokuba linikezwe, amathuba okuba lokhu kwenzeke aphansi kakhulu).
- Ngokwabelana ngezinaliti zomjovo ezingcoliswe igazi elinegciwane.
- Kusukela kumama okhulelwe onegciwane kuya enganeni yakhe, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-malaria?
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela
ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngemva kokulunywa umiyane. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo (ikakhulukazi i-P. vivax) zingathatha isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zifane nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile, okwenza kube lula ukuzidida.
Izimpawu ezingase zivele uma isifo sibi kakhulu
| Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|
| - Umkhuhlane omkhulu | - Ubuhlungu bomzimba |
| - Amakhaza | - Ikhanda elibuhlungu |
| - Ukujuluka ngokweqile | - Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza |
| - Ukukhathala okukhulu | - Uhudo |
| - Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice) | - Ukudideka |
| - Ukuquleka/ukuquleka | - Ukwehluleka kwezinso |
| - Igazi esitulweni | - Ubunzima bokuphefumula |
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Umalaleveva yisifo esingaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke,
kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma usanda kuvakashela izwe lapho i-malaria iyingozi khona futhi unezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wohambo.
Ungayithola kanjani i-malaria?
Ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nomlando wohambo, udokotela wakho angase asole umalaleveva. Uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.
- Ukugcotshwa Kwegazi: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu nokunembile. Ithonsi legazi elivela emunweni wakho lifakwa ku-slide, lifakwe umbala okhethekile, bese lihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi i-parasite ikhona yini, uhlobo luni, nokuthi zingaki ezikhona.
- Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo Kokuxilonga (RDT): Lokhu ukuhlolwa okunganikeza imiphumela esheshayo. Njengokuhlolwa kwe -COVID-19 ekhaya, ithonsi legazi lifakwa emgqeni wokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuhlali kukhomba uhlobo oluqondile lwegciwane, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Molecular (PCR): Lokhu kuhlola ukuba khona kwe -DNA ye-parasite egazini. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ekuboneni uhlobo oluthile lwe-parasite.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Antibody: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi uke waba nomalaleveva yini ngaphambili.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningana. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwegciwane osuthelelekile ngalo, ubukhulu bezimpawu zakho, ubudala bakho, ukuthi ukhulelwe yini, kanye nendawo lapho utheleleke khona. Imithi udokotela wakho angase ayinikeze ingafaka i-Chloroquine, i-Artemether-lumefantrine, ne-Primaquine.
Ungalokothi usebenzise le mithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Ungazivikela kanjani kumalariya?
Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” Uma uya ezweni lapho umalaleveva uyingozi khona, qiniseka ukuthi uyazenza lezi zinto.
- Gqoka izingubo ezimboza isikhumba: amabhulukwe amade, amahembe anemikhono emide.
- Sebenzisa isixosha izinambuzane: Faka isixosha izinambuzane esiqukethe isithako esifana ne-DEET ezindaweni zesikhumba eziveziwe.
- Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane: Uma ulele, ukusebenzisa inethi yomiyane, ikakhulukazi elashwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane (njenge-permethrin), kunikeza isivikelo esikhulu.
- Thola umuthi wokuvimbela: Bonana nodokotela ngaphambi kohambo lwakho bese uthola umuthi wokuvimbela umalaleveva ofanele indawo oya kuyo. Lo muthi kufanele uthathwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kohambo lwakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umalaleveva yisifo esingaba yingozi esidluliselwa ngokulunywa umiyane onegciwane.
- Nakuba umalaleveva usuqediwe eSri Lanka, abantu baseSri Lanka abaya emazweni asengozini yokuba nomalaleveva basesengozini.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhambela phesheya, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .
- Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni enobungozi be-malaria, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuzivikela komiyane kanye nokuphuza imithi yokuvimbela.
- Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa umalaleveva.
Umalaleveva, Umalaleveva IsiSinhala, Izifo ezithwalwa omiyane, Izimpawu zeMalaleveva, Ukwelashwa kweMalaleveva, Ukuvikelwa kumalaleveva, iPlasmodium
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