Ingabe unawo amatshe anjengalawa emehlweni akho? Ake sifunde nge-Optic Disc Drusen!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi, "O, ingabe amehlo ami aphilile?" Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezincane zingenzeka ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu esingazazi nhlobo. Enye into enjalo yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Optic Disc Drusen, esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula.

Ziyini i-Optic Disc Drusen?

Kalula nje, i-Optic Disc Drusen yizinsalela ezincane ze-calcium kanye namaprotheni anamafutha akha i-optic disc noma ikhanda le-optic nerve yeso lakho. Cabanga ngazo njengamatshe amancane. Igama elithi "drusen" empeleni livela egameni lesiJalimane elisho "itshe." Lezi zingaba zijiyile kancane, noma zibe nzima, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Impande yenzwa ye-optic, noma lokho esikubiza nangokuthi "i-Optic Disc", empeleni yingxenye engaphambili yenzwa yakho ye-optic. Le nzwa yiyo ethwala lokho okubonayo iye ebuchosheni.

Lezi zidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi zingenzeka esweni elilodwa kuphela (`Icala Elilodwa`). Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile (cishe ama-75%) zibonakala emehlweni womabili (`Icala Elilodwa`) . Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono .

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabantu bangase babe ne-optic disc drusen. Eminye imibiko ibeke ukusabalala kwalesi sifo ku-1.8% kuya ku-2.4%. Lesi simo singathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubulili bakhe. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi sivame kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izizwe.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unalezi zimpawu? Ziyini izimpawu?

Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abane-optic disc drusen abanazo izimpawu . Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzozithola kuphela uma uya kohlolwa amehlo njalo.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Amaphutha ensimu yokubona: Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye zensimu yakho yonke yokubona (kokubili umbono ophakathi kanye nombono ongaphandle) azibonakali. Abanye abantu bangase babe nendawo enkulu yokungaboni . Zicabange ubheke phambili bese ulahlekelwa ukubona umuntu ovela eceleni.
• Umbono ungase ube mpunga noma ufiphale isikhathi esifushane.
• Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kombono ongaphandle.
• Amabala amhlophe noma aphuzi esisekelweni senzwa yakho ye-optic (`Optic Disc`)Uma udokotela ehlola amehlo akho, angase aqaphele amaqhubu . Amanye ama-drusen ayabonakala (`visible optic disc drusen`), kodwa amanye angase "afihliwe" (`buried optic disc drusen`). Kunzima ukuwabona kalula.

Cabanga nje, uSamantha uvame ukuzizwa sengathi akakwazi ukubona kahle lapho into ethile ihamba phambi kwamehlo akhe. Ekuqaleni, wakushaya indiva, kodwa kwaba ngemva kokuya kudokotela wamehlo lapho athola khona ukuthi wayene-optic disc drusen kuwo womabili amehlo.

Kungani kwakheka i-optic disc drusen?

Ama-Drusen akhiwa ukuqongelela kwamaprotheni anamafutha nezinye izinto. Kodwa ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani lezi zinto ziqongelela futhi zijiya . Kwezinye izimo, zingazuzwa njengefa . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, nawe unamathuba amaningi okuba naso.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izivivinyo abazenzayo?

Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela wakho wamehlo angabona lezi zidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile. Angase enze izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuqinisekisa okwengeziwe:

• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu yokubona: Lokhu kuhlola ububanzi bokubona kwakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izindawo ongakwazi ukuzibona.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu ukuskena kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kufana nokuthatha isithombe sengaphakathi leso bese ulibheka ungqimba nongqimba. Kungabonisa izinto ezifana nendawo nosayizi we-drusen.
• I-Ultrasound : Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuskena ukuze ubuke ngaphakathi kweso. Kuwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni i-drusen efihliwe.
• I-CT scan (`CT - i-computed tomography scan`): Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuskena kungenziwa, ikakhulukazi ukubheka ama-calcium deposits.
• I-Fluorescein angiography: Lokhu kusebenzisa ikhamera ekhethekile kanye nedayi ye-fluorescent ukuthatha izithombe zangaphakathi lengemuva leso. Lokhu kuvumela isimo semithambo yegazi ukuthi sibonakale.
• I-Fundus autofluorescence: Lena futhi indlela yokuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi leso. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akudingi ukujovwa ngedayi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umbala obizwa ngokuthi ``Lipofuscin'' okhona emzimbeni wethu (oqongelela njengoba sikhula noma ezimweni ezithile zezokwelapha).

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Kuphathwa kanjani?

Uma une-optic disc drusen, cishe ngeke udinge ukwelashwa noma ukuphathwa okukhethekile . Okwamanje akukho ukuhlinzwa noma ikhambi lalesi simo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, abantu abaningi akudingeki bakhathazeke ngakho.

Uma ngine-Optic Disc Drusen, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Isibikezelo somuntu one-optic disc drusen ngokuvamile sihle kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziguli zingase zilahlekelwe umbono ongaphandle . Yilokho okuyinhloko okungenzeka.

Akuvamile kakhulu, lezi zidakamizwa zingabangela izinkinga. Lezi zinkinga ezingavamile zifaka:

• Ama-Choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM): Lawa yimithambo yegazi emisha engavamile eyakheka ngaphakathi kweso. Angaphuma igazi, okungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakathi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukwelashwa nge-laser kungadingeka ukuze kumiswe ukuphuma kwegazi.
• I-Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi emsipheni we-optic kuncipha, okubangela umonakalo emsipheni.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi e-retinal: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi e-retina.

Lezi yizenzakalo ezingavamile kakhulu, ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.

Ingabe lesi simo siyingozi?

Ngisho noma ubona izinguquko ezithile ekuboneni kwakho, i-Optic Disc Drusen ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi . Kodwa-ke, ingahlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Yingakho iseluleko sezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki?

Ngeshwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwe- optic disc drusen.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo akho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile (ukuhlolwa kokubona okuvamile). Futhi, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho , bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ungashayi indiva lutho, noma ngabe luncane.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Optic Disc Drusen nezinye izifo zamehlo?

I-Drusen ingabukeka ifana nezinye izifo zamehlo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwazo.

Akufanele kudidaniswe ne-Papilledema!

Abanye abantu babiza i-optic disc drusen ngokuthi "i-pseudopapilledema." Igama elithi "pseudo" lisho amanga, okusho ukuthi akuyona into yangempela.

I-PapilledemaLokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi engaphakathi kwekhanda lakho (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda) ibangela ukuthi i-optic disc ivuvuke. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

I-optic disc drusen ingabangela nokuthi impande ye-optic nerve ibonakale ivuvukele, kodwa akuyona ukuvuvukala kwangempela. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Pseudopapilledema'.

I-Glaucoma kanye ne-Optic Disc Drusen

Kokubili i-glaucoma kanye ne-optic disc drusen kungabangela izinkinga ngensimu yakho yokubona. Ngezinye izikhathi, zombili lezi zimo zingenzeka ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kumele akwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili . I-Glaucoma yisimo samehlo esibi esidinga ukwelashwa.

Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana ne-Retinitis Pigmentosa?

Abantu abanesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-retinitis pigmentosa (RP) banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-optic disc drusen kunabantu abaningi. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abanezinhlobo ezithile ze-RP nakubantu abanesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Usher syndrome .

Ingabe i-Noonan syndrome nayo iyathinta?

I-Noonan syndrome iyisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Abantu abanalesi sifo bangase babe nezinkinga ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-optic disc. Ngakho-ke, umuntu one-Noonan syndrome angase abe ne-optic disc drusen.

Ngamafuphi, izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-Optic Disc Drusen. Ekuphetheni, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Ama-optic disc drusen ayizinqwaba ze-calcium kanye namaprotheni anamafutha akha phansi kwe-optic nerve ngaphakathi kweso.
• Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu.
• Lesi simo ngokuvamile asiyona ingozi , kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase kube noshintsho oluthile embonweni noma izinkinga.
• Okwamanje akukho ikhambi noma ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo futhi uthole iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho.

Khumbula, amehlo akho ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu onayo. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela kahle. Ungathathi noma iyiphi inkinga ehlobene namehlo kalula nganoma yisiphi isizathu.

Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo. Angakutshela okwengeziwe.